中文介绍熊猫组件优势Yingli_Solar_PANDA_Technology_27Feb2012_...
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PANDA简介
• PANDA技术提供
高功率密度的光伏组件 通过使用高效率的太阳能电池片
基于N型晶体硅
• PANDA技术是
十年来第一个从根本上具有全新电池结构的实现量产的电池技术
能够在标准的生产线上生产
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展望：PANDA电池效率路线图
• 2012:
通过工艺优化达到20%的效率值里程碑点。
• 2013:
通过使用MWT（金属缠绕穿孔）技术来降低正面金属化，从而 进一步提高效率。
PANDA PANDA Cell 电池效率路线图 Efficiency Roadmap
(n-type)
• 给终端客户带来的好处：
在第一周的使用中没有明显的衰减
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展望：多样化的PANDA组件
PANDA黑边框黑背板组件 • 这种黑边框和黑背板结合在一起的组件特别适合 于有均匀黑色背景的场所使用。 PANDA透明背板组件 • 透明背板可以使组件吸收背面的光线，利用 PANDA电池双面发电的特点来提高系统的能量输 出。
英利PANDA技术
技术、产品及主要优势介绍
2012-02-27
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目录
• PANDA简介
• PANDA电池结构 • PANDA生产工序 • PANDA 优势：
高效率、高功率密度
低辐照度下优良的表现
高温环境下优良的表现 极低的初始衰减
• 展望：
• 给终端客户带来的好处： 在温暖和晴朗的天气下更高的能量输出
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PANDA优势：极低的初始衰减
• 因为在N型硅中没有复合中心硼氧对，PANDA组件的初始衰 减几乎为零。
2.00% 1.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.00% -0.50%
传统P型组件 Conventional p-type PANDA(N 型)组件 PANDA
扩散磷
硼（正面）和磷（背面） 共扩散
湿法刻蚀
湿法刻蚀
沉积SiNx Ag（正面）/铝（背面） 的印刷
SiO2 和 SiNx 的钝化和 沉积
Ag（正面和背面）印刷
共烧结
共烧结
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PANDA优势：高效率、高功率密度
• PANDA组件比传统的P型单晶组件的效率要高很多：
PANDA优势：高温环境下优良的表现
• 与传统的P型硅组件相比，PANDA组件的温度系数比传统的 P型硅组件要低6%-9%
温度系数 最大功率（Pmax） 开路电压（Voc） 最大功率点电压（Vmpp） 单位 %/K %/K %/K 传统的P型 -0.45 -0.33 -0.45 PANDA（N型） -0.42 -0.31 -0.41
• 即使在较低的太阳光辐照度
102
100
98
96
94
<95%
>97%
92 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Irradiance [W/m2]
• 给终端客户带来的好处： 在低光照的半年里更高的功率输出 在早晨和傍晚更高的功率输出
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22.0% 21.0%
21.0% 20.0%
20.0% 19.0%
19.0% 18.6%
18.0% 2009
2010
2011
2012E
2013E
2014E
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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PANDA 优势: 低辐照度下优良的表现
下，PANDA组件的效率衰减 也很低 。
传统的P型组件 200 W/m2环境下组 件的效率 (其他条件遵循STC 的要求) PANDA (n型)
Module Efficiency Relative to Value at STC [%]
• PANDA电池的效率达到
… 平均达到19.0% … 实验室达到20.0%（依据英利实验室的测试结果）
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PANDA电池结构
传统的P型单晶电池 英利PANDA N型单晶电池
• P型基底 • 全面积的背接触（金属）
• N型基底 • 背面接触栅线（金属） • 特殊的背面钝化
N型硅中的大多数金属杂质都不活跃。 特殊的背面钝化提高了红外光的利用率。
单位
组件效率（m） 功率（60片电池的组件） % W
传统的P型组件
~14-15 ~225-240
PANDA (N型)
16.5 270
优势
~8-18%
• 给客户带来的好处： 在有限的空间上输出更多的能量 降低了整体的系统成本
正面钝化
正面接触栅线（金属）
正面接触栅线（金属） p+型硅发射极
n+型硅发射极
p型硅基底，掺杂硼（B）
n型硅基底，掺杂磷（P）
全面积的背接触（金属） 背面钝化
n+型硅背场
背面基础栅线（金属）
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PANDA生产工序
标准P型电池工序 制绒和清洗（P型硅基 底） PANDA N型电池工序 制绒和清洗（n型硅基底）
大熊猫的简单介绍和特点英语作文
大熊猫的简单介绍和特点英语作文英文回答：Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are captivating creatures that have captured the hearts of people worldwide. Endemic to China, these iconic animals are renowned fortheir distinctive black-and-white fur, gentle nature, and bamboo-exclusive diet.Physical Characteristics.Giant pandas are large, robust mammals with a massive body size and short legs. Their weight ranges from 220 to 300 pounds (100 to 136 kilograms), while their body length typically varies between 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters). The distinct black-and-white fur pattern serves as both camouflage and a means of communication.Diet.Giant pandas are herbivores with a highly specialized diet that consists almost entirely of bamboo. Their unique digestive system, which lacks enzymes to break down cellulose, has adapted to process large quantities of bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems. Pandas spend an estimated 10 to 12 hours daily foraging for food, consuming up to 26 pounds (12 kilograms) of bamboo.Habitat and Conservation.Giant pandas inhabit temperate forests at elevations ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 feet (1,500 to 3,000 meters). These forests provide them with ample bamboo resources and shelter. However, deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change have significantly threatened panda populations. Conservation efforts, including captive breeding programs and habitat protection, are crucial for preserving these endangered animals.Behavior.Giant pandas are generally solitary creatures exceptduring mating season. They are known for their playful and curious nature, often engaging in playful antics such as rolling, climbing trees, and wrestling. Pandas communicate through vocalizations, scent marking, and body language, including unique postures and facial expressions.Social Significance.Giant pandas hold immense cultural and symbolic significance in China. They are considered a national treasure and represent balance, harmony, and peace. Pandas have been featured in art, literature, and music for centuries, capturing the imagination of people worldwide.Conservation Status.Giant pandas are classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their populations have been severely impacted by habitat loss, bamboo scarcity, and illegal poaching. Captive breeding programs and habitat conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and restore panda numbers.中文回答：大熊猫简介。
介绍大熊猫的英语作文
The Giant Panda,scientifically known as Ailuropoda melanoleuca,is an iconic and beloved species native to China.Renowned for its distinctive black and white fur,the panda has become a symbol of wildlife conservation efforts worldwide.Habitat and Distribution:Giant Pandas are primarily found in the mountainous regions of central China, particularly in the provinces of Sichuan,Shaanxi,and Gansu.They inhabit dense bamboo forests at elevations ranging from5,000to10,000feet,where their diet mainly consists of various species of bamboo.Diet:Bamboo makes up over99%of a pandas diet.They have a unique digestive system adapted to process this fibrous plant,although it is not the most efficient in terms of energy conversion.Due to the low nutritional content of bamboo,pandas spend a significant portion of their day eatingup to14hoursto meet their energy needs. Behavior:Pandas are generally solitary animals.They communicate with each other through vocalizations,body language,and scent marking.Males and females come together during the breeding season,which is short and occurs once a year.Cubs are born blind and helpless,relying on their mothers for warmth and protection for the first few months of their lives.Reproduction:Reproduction in pandas is challenging due to their low reproductive rates and specific mating behaviors.Female pandas are only in estrus for a short period each year,and the gestation period is around95to160days.Cubs are often born in pairs,but the mother typically raises only one,as they are born very small and vulnerable. Conservation Status:The Giant Panda was once classified as an endangered species due to habitat loss, poaching,and a low birth rate.However,thanks to extensive conservation efforts, including reforestation and the establishment of nature reserves,their status has been upgraded to vulnerable by the IUCN.Cultural Significance:In Chinese culture,the panda is considered a national treasure.It is often used as a symbol of peace and friendship,and pandas have been gifted to other countries as a diplomatic gesture.The species is also a significant figure in global conservation, representing the importance of protecting biodiversity and natural habitats.Conservation Efforts:Various organizations,including the World Wildlife Fund WWF,have been instrumental in the conservation of the Giant Panda.Efforts include habitat preservation,antipoaching initiatives,and captive breeding programs aimed at increasing the panda population and reintroducing them into the wild.In conclusion,the Giant Panda is a remarkable species that has captured the hearts of people around the world.Its conservation is a testament to the power of international cooperation and the dedication of scientists,conservationists,and everyday citizens to protect our planets precious wildlife.。
熊猫mini话术
熊猫mini话术
摘要：
1.介绍熊猫mini 的背景和特点
2.熊猫mini 的主要功能和应用场景
3.熊猫mini 的优缺点分析
4.总结与展望
正文：
熊猫mini 是一款由中国科技公司开发的智能机器人，拥有可爱的外观和独特的功能。
它主要针对儿童市场，旨在为孩子们提供有趣的互动体验和学习辅助工具。
熊猫mini 的主要功能包括语音交互、阅读识别、绘画识别等。
通过与熊猫mini 对话，孩子们可以学习语言、听故事、了解百科知识等。
此外，熊猫mini 还可以识别孩子们的手绘画作，并将其转化为数字艺术作品，让孩子们感受到创造的乐趣。
熊猫mini 的应用场景非常广泛，可以陪伴孩子们度过学习、娱乐、休息等时光。
例如，孩子们可以在熊猫mini 的帮助下学习语言、听故事、唱歌、跳舞、绘画等，同时也可以通过与熊猫mini 的互动来培养自己的创造力和想象力。
当然，熊猫mini 也有一些缺点，例如它的价格相对较高，对于一些家庭来说可能不太容易承受。
此外，由于它是一款机器人，所以孩子们需要与它进行互动才能获得更好的体验，这可能会对孩子们的社交能力产生一定的影响。
总的来说，熊猫mini 是一款非常有趣的智能机器人，可以为孩子们提供丰富多样的学习和娱乐体验。
虽然它有一些缺点，但它的优点足以弥补这些不足。
熊猫的介绍英语作文加翻译
The giant panda, known scientifically as Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is a rare and precious animal native to China. It is considered a national treasure and is widely lovedfor its adorable appearance. The pandas body is covered in black and white fur, with its round face, black ears, and distinctive black patches around its eyes, which give it a charming and friendly look.Giant pandas primarily reside in mountainous regions of central China, such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. They prefer to live in dense bamboo forests, where they can find plenty of food and suitable habitats. The pandas diet is mainly composed of bamboo, but they may also consume other plants and occasionally small animals.These gentle creatures are known for their slow and steady movements. They are not aggressive and usually avoid conflict with other animals. Pandas are also excellent climbers and swimmers, which helps them evade predators and find food in their natural environment.Unfortunately, due to habitat destruction and other human activities, the population of giant pandas has been declining. To protect this species, China has established several nature reserves, such as the Wolong and Wanglang Nature Reserves, to provide a safe haven for pandas and their ecosystem.In conclusion, the giant panda is not only a beloved symbol of China but also an important part of the worlds biodiversity. It is our responsibility to protect and cherish these wonderful animals for future generations.翻译：大熊猫，学名为Ailuropoda melanoleuca，是中国特有的珍稀动物。
panda power元件释义
panda power元件释义Panda Power是指由中国国家电网公司（State Grid Corporation of China，或简称SGCC）开发的一种电力元件。
Panda Power 元件可以被视为电力系统中的一个关键部分，它能够在复杂的电力系统中发挥核心作用。
本文将探讨Panda Power元件的功能、特点以及相关的参考内容。
Panda Power元件在电力系统中的主要功能是进行电力的传输和转换。
它可以接收来自发电厂的电力，并将其传输到不同的负载点，如家庭、企业或工业设施。
同时，Panda Power元件也可以根据需求将电力转换为不同的电压或频率，以适应不同负载的需求。
这样，它能够确保电力系统的稳定运行，并提供所需的电力供应。
Panda Power元件有以下几个特点：1. 高效能：Panda Power元件具有高效能的特点，能够在电力传输和转换过程中最大限度地减少能量损耗。
这可以降低能源成本，提高电力系统的效率。
2. 可靠性：Panda Power元件采用先进的技术和材料，确保了其高可靠性和长寿命。
这样可以降低系统维护和故障修复的成本，并提高系统的可靠性和稳定性。
3. 可调度性：Panda Power元件具有可调度性的特点，可以根据电力系统的需求进行灵活地调整。
它可以根据负载的变化进行电力的传输和转换，以满足不同负载的需求。
4. 智能化：Panda Power元件采用智能化的技术，能够实时监测电力系统的运行状态。
它可以根据系统的负载和电力供应情况进行智能化的调整和优化，以确保电力系统的稳定运行。
以上是关于Panda Power元件的主要功能和特点的介绍。
下面是一些相关的参考内容，可以帮助读者进一步了解和研究该主题：1. 《Electric Power Systems》（作者：B. M. Weedy，B. J. Cory，N. Jenkins，J. B. Ekanayake）：这本书全面介绍了电力系统的原理、技术和应用。
介绍大熊猫的价值
介绍大熊猫的价值大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是中国特有的珍稀动物，也是世界上最受欢迎和最具特色的动物之一。
以下将介绍大熊猫的价值。
1. 生态价值大熊猫的主要食物是竹子，每天需要摄取大量的竹子来维持生存。
它们在野外摄食竹子的过程中，起到了保护和生态平衡维持的重要作用。
通过大熊猫的摄食，竹林得到了自然修剪，帮助竹子的更新和生长。
这对于维持森林生态系统的稳定非常重要。
此外，大熊猫还是一个重要的迁徙种子传播者。
它们进食大量的竹子，其中的种子经过消化后会随着大熊猫的排泄物散布到周围的环境中，起到了传播植物种子和强化植物多样性的作用。
2. 文化价值大熊猫是中国文化的重要象征之一。
在中国，大熊猫被广泛视为吉祥物和国宝，被用来宣传中国的传统文化和形象。
大熊猫不仅在国内具有重要地位，也在国际上成为了中国文化的代表之一，吸引了全球各地游客和动物爱好者的关注。
3. 经济价值由于大熊猫的稀有性和特殊性，它们成为了许多动物园和野生动物保护区的明星动物，吸引了大量游客和观众。
大熊猫所在地的旅游业因此蓬勃发展，为当地带来了巨大的经济利益。
4. 科学研究价值大熊猫是许多科学研究的热点对象。
由于大熊猫在野外生存的困难和生育率的低下，科学家们对其进行研究，以加深对大熊猫行为、生态和繁殖习性的了解，并探索保护大熊猫的有效方法。
这些研究为生物学和保护生物学等学科提供了宝贵的数据和参考。
5. 生物多样性价值大熊猫是地球上最具代表性的物种之一，作为一种孤立的熊科动物，其存在本身即是地球生物多样性的重要组成部分。
保护大熊猫意味着保护其生存环境和生态系统，同时也保护了大熊猫所处区域的其他物种和自然资源。
总的来说，大熊猫不仅具有重要的生态价值，还承载了丰富的文化和经济含义。
保护大熊猫不仅是保护一种珍稀动物，更是保护生物多样性和人类自然遗产的重要举措。
熊猫的英文介绍简单版
熊猫的英文介绍简单版The Giant Panda: A Unique Symbol of China.The panda, scientifically known as Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is a species of bear native to the dense forests of China. This remarkable creature, with its black and white coat, round face, and endearingly slow movements, has captivated the hearts of people around the world. The panda is not just a beloved animal; it's also a symbol of peace and conservation, representing the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Natural Habitat and Lifestyle.Pandas are primarily found in the bamboo-dense forests of central China, particularly in the Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. These forests provide them with an ideal habitat, rich in bamboo, which is their staple food. Pandas spend most of their time feeding, consuming up to 30 kilograms of bamboo daily. They are also known for theirsedentary lifestyle, spending hours resting and digesting their meals.Despite their lazy appearance, pandas are actuallyquite adept swimmers and climbers. They often traverse rivers and streams to reach new feeding grounds and use their sharp claws to climb trees, where they find safety and comfort. Pandas are also solitary animals, preferring to spend time alone, except during the brief mating season.Unique Physiology and Adaptations.The panda's most striking feature is its black and white coat, which not only helps it blend into its snowy environment but also serves as a unique identifier. Its large, round face with prominent black patches around the eyes gives it an endearing appearance. But behind this cute exterior lies a highly adapted organism.Pandas have a specialized digestive system that allows them to digest the fibrous bamboo, which has little nutritional value. Their intestines are longer and packedwith bacteria that help break down the cellulose in bamboo. Additionally, their jaws and teeth are strong and adaptedfor chewing the hard stems of bamboo.Pandas also have a low metabolic rate, allowing them to conserve energy. This, combined with their sedentary lifestyle, is one of the reasons why they require so much food to maintain their energy levels. Despite their size, pandas are surprisingly agile and can move quickly when necessary, thanks to their strong hind legs and sharp claws.Threats and Conservation.Despite being a national treasure of China, the pandais classified as a vulnerable species due to several threats. The loss of their natural habitat due to deforestation and urbanization is the biggest threat totheir survival. As their habitats shrink, pandas becomemore susceptible to poaching and hunting.To conserve this endangered species, China has taken several measures. The establishment of nature reserves andconservation areas has helped protect the panda's habitat. Breeding programs in captivity have also been successful in increasing the panda population. Global efforts, including fundraising and awareness campaigns, have also contributed to the conservation of this iconic species.Conclusion.The panda, with its unique appearance and charming nature, has captivated the world. It's not just a symbol of China; it's a symbol of conservation and a reminder of our responsibility towards nature. As we strive to protect this remarkable creature, we must also remember to preserve the habitats and ecosystems that support it. The panda's survival is not just about saving one species; it's about maintaining the balance of our planet and ensuring a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.。
熊猫的介绍英语作文加翻译
熊猫的介绍英语作文加翻译Pandas are one of the most beloved animals in the world. They are native to China and are known for their black and white fur, round faces, and playful personalities. In this essay, we will explore the fascinating world of pandas and learn about their habitat, diet, and behavior.Habitat。
Pandas are found in the bamboo forests of central China. They prefer to live in high-altitude areas, where the temperature is cool and the air is thin. Pandas areexcellent climbers and spend most of their time in trees, where they can easily access their favorite food bamboo.Diet。
Bamboo makes up 99% of a panda's diet. They eat up to30 pounds of bamboo each day, which is equivalent to about 40% of their body weight. Pandas have a special adaptationin their digestive system that allows them to digest tough bamboo fibers. They also eat small amounts of other plants and occasionally hunt small animals like birds and rodents.Behavior。
panda介绍范文
panda介绍范文大熊猫（学名：Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是世界上最受欢迎和广泛认知的物种之一、它们是中国的国宝，也是世界自然保护联盟将其列为濒危物种。
一、外貌特征大熊猫是一种大型哺乳动物，体型庞大而笨重。
成年大熊猫的体长一般在1.2米到1.8米之间，体重在70千克到160千克之间。
它们的身体特点非常明显，圆圆的脑袋上带着黑眼圈，黑色的耳朵和黑色的躯干，但它们的脸部和四肢都是白色的。
它们有非常灵活的拇指，并具有强大的咀嚼肌肉，以帮助它们消化竹子。
二、栖息地和分布大熊猫是中国特有的物种，主要分布在四川、甘肃、陕西和青海等地的山区。
它们生活在海拔1200米至3500米的环境中，喜欢生长着竹子的高山森林。
由于人类活动和栖息地破坏的加剧，大熊猫的栖息地越来越受到威胁，导致它们的种群数量急剧减少。
三、食物大熊猫是素食动物，它们的主要食物是竹子。
熊猫每天需要摄入大量的竹子来维持生存，因为竹子的纤维含量高，消化困难。
一些研究还发现，大熊猫还吃一些其他植物，如竹子的茎叶和树皮。
另外，它们也会吃一些水果和鱼类等。
四、行为习性大熊猫是独居动物，它们很少与其他熊猫一起生活。
它们是夜间动物，通常在夜晚活动，日间则隐藏在树洞或地洞中休息。
大熊猫是非常和平的动物，它们不会主动攻击人类或其他动物，除非受到威胁。
它们通常以漫步和攀爬的方式移动，因为它们有强大的前肢肌肉以应对攀爬树木的需求。
五、繁殖方式大熊猫的繁殖非常困难。
它们的繁殖期非常短暂，只有2-3天。
在这个时间内，雌性大熊猫会发出特殊的味腺物质吸引雄性。
交配成功后，雌性会怀孕约4个月，然后产下一到两只婴儿，雌性在产下婴儿后变得非常脆弱，往往只能照顾一个幼崽。
大熊猫的幼崽小巧而无毛，在出生后几天内闭着眼睛，完全依赖母亲的照顾。
六、保护状态大熊猫是濒危物种，受到国际上的高度关注。
中国政府已经采取了多种措施来保护大熊猫，包括建立保护区、禁止砍伐竹子和非法捕猎等。
熊猫
“熊猫”是英利自主研发的N型高效太阳能电池的名字，第一个“熊猫”项目完成得非常迅速，从研发到投产只用了19个月的时间，这种电池最高转换效率达到19.89%，是全球三大高效率太阳能电池之一。
2]本报记者王薇薇雷汉发.英利：光伏寒冬中的奋进者[N].经济日报,2011-11-16004.“熊猫”N-MWT N型MWT单晶硅高效电池项目是英利集团与欧洲著名太阳能光伏电池研究机构——荷兰国家能源研究中心(ECN)及全球领先的光伏设备和自动化系统供应商阿姆泰克(Amtech)公司进行的联合研发项目。
填补了国内N型电池技术的空白。
之所以将该技术命名为“熊猫”，一个原因就是熊猫的英文单词“PANDA”中具有从“P”到“N”的变化。
“熊猫”电池拥有丰富的技术元素。
是N型双面电池技术和MWT金属缠绕式(Metallisation Wrap-Through，简称MWT)电池技术的集成。
ECN研究中心于2009年研发成功MWT电池技术可以得到17%的多晶硅组件转化效率，创下当时的一个记录，理论上这种技术可以达到25%的综合效率。
这种电池技术将主栅线从传统的正面转移至背面，正面只保留细金属栅线，因此降低表面栅线遮挡损失，因此又被称作背电极电池。
在单晶电池方面，ECN的N型双面电池技术已经成功得通过设备制造商Tempress(Ametech Systems子公司)植入英利的“熊猫”电池。
与传统的硼或者其他3价元素扩散的P型硅片不同，“熊猫”电池的基础是磷掺杂的N型硅片。
后者的少数载流子寿命比P型硅片高很多，但是由于掺杂工艺更复杂以及在N 型硅片上形成P结的难度也更大，所以传统的工艺仍然以P型硅片的加工为主。
ECN通过研发并与Tempress合作，很好得克服了这些困难。
N 型电池有更高的短路电流和更高的Voc及填充因子FF。
电池转化效率η=IscVocFF/Ps，因此N 型电池的效率要比P型电池高至少5—8%。
掺磷背电场结构可以进行双面设计，相对于传统的铝背电场，因为不用让电池弯曲，所以能加工更薄的硅片。