2014年深圳英语八年级下Lesson 2 动词不定式
2014春八年级下册Unit2课文讲解+知识点+练习
Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks重点短语1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日2. an old people’s home 养老院3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难4. used to do sth 曾经… 过去_5. care for 关心;照顾6. the look of joy 快乐的表情7. at the age of 在......岁时8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋10. give out 分发;散发11. come up with 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计划13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out 试用;试行15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力16. put up 建造;举起;张贴17. hand out 分发;散发;发给18. call up 打电话;召集19. put off 推迟;延迟20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 筹钱;募捐22. take after 与......相像;像23. give away 赠送;捐赠24. fix up 修理;修补;解决25. be similar to 与……相似26. set up 建立;设立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响;有作用29. be able to 能够30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目二、重点句型1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
人教八年级下册 Unit 2 动词不定式语法讲解
动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
基本形式：to do ,有时to可以省略；否定形式：not to do动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
一、不定式作宾语【例句】1.Nobody knew why she agreed to help Ian.2. Susan wants to go to Beijing on vacation with her parents.【总结】动词不定式作宾语时，主要用在“主语+谓动v. + to do”的结构中。
后面可接不定式作宾语的动词有：want，decide，hope，learn，plan，agree等。
能接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要),would like(想要),ask(请求),choose(选择),等。
希望想要做决定（hope, wish, want, decide )学会同意和答应（learn, agree, promise )碰巧没能计划好（happen, fail, plan )拒绝提供再准备（refuse, offer, prepare )注意：存在差异的四对词组：1.forget to do sth sth/ forget doing sth2.stop to do sth/stop doing sth3.remember to do sth / remember doing sth4.go on to do sth/go on doing sth不定式作宾语的考点1：***【例句】I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。
作宾语的不定式若带有自己的补足语，则需用it作形式宾语，而真正的不定式宾语置于补足语之后构成“主语+ 谓动+ it + 宾语补足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、make,believe,feel等。
2014年深圳英语八年级下第二单元语法动名词
Lesson 5动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词由动词原形+ing构成，与现在分词一样。
动名词的否定式是将否定词not 置于动名词之前。
但动名词具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、和定语。
变化规则：1. 一般在词尾直接加-ing. 如：buy--- buying wait---waiting rain--- raining2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。
如：take---taking use—using3. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母后加-ing. 如：begin—beginning prefer—preferring cut----cutting4. 少数以ie 结尾的，变ie为y, 再加-ing. 如：die---dying lie---lying tie—tying5. 以oe, ee, ye 结尾的动词，直接在词尾加-ing. 如see—seeing flee—fleeing (逃跑，逃走) hoe—hoeing （锄）二、动名词的用法。
1.作主语常用于句首，此时谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。
Swimming in the sea is her favourite sport.2.作表语表示主语是什么My biggest hobby is collecting stamps.3. 作动词和介词的宾语。
I practice speaking English every day.After finishing his homework, he went to bed.有些动词或短语只能跟动名词作宾语，而不能跟不定式：4. 作定语动名词可用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可使用“for+动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词后。
三、单项选择。
1. ---- It’s a little cold today. Would you mind the window?------ Of course not.A. not openingB. not to openC. don’t openD. no opening2. ------ What about a rest?------ Ok. Let’s go out and have a walk.A. to takeB. takesC. takigD. took3. I like , but I don’t like right now.A. singing, to singB. to sing, singingC. sing, singingD. to sing, to sing4. ----- Have you finished the book?------- Not yet. I’ll try it to you before Friday.A. reading, returningB. to read, to returnC. reading, to returnD. to read, returning5. ------ How would your family like to travel ?------- It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers a bus to travel while Father always sticks to to travel.A. to take, driveB. to take, drivingC. taking, driveD. taking, driving6. ------- Have you ever seen the TV play My ugly Mother?--------- Yes, it’s well worth . It’s so moving that I ‘d like it again.A. seeing; seeingB. to see; to seeC. seeing; to seeD. to see; seeing7. ---- Kitty enjoys photos.-------That's true.A. to takeB. takingC. takenD. took8. ----- Oh. I’m tired.------ You should stop now.A. workingB. to workC. workD. worked9. ---- is one of my favourite hobbies.---- So am IA. ReadB. To readC. ReadingD. To reading10. Watching TV too much good for your eyes.A. isB. isn’tC. areD. aren’t11. They left the room without a word.A. sayB. to sayC. sayingD. says12. It’s not polite to keep others for a long time.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. waited13. When I entered the room I saw Debbie a book.A. readingB. readsC. readD. to read14. My sister is interested in .A. singB. singsC. singingD. sang四、用括号里单词的适当形式填空。
2014八年级英语下unit2Section A 2d-4c
2c
Lei Feng Day is two weeks from now. We need to come up with a plan. What would you like to do? Talk with your partner and come up with a plan.
A: We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. B: Let’s have lunch first. A: No’ we need to start now.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. B: ….
The man needs an English dictionary
when he works. 这个人在工作时需要一本英语词典。 Do you need to see him yourself? 你必需亲自见他吗？
(2) need情态动词, “必须”、“必 要”，没有人称、数的变化，后接不 带to 的动词不定式。 通常用于疑问 句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句 时，不需要使用助动词。 Need you go to the park with your classmate? 你必需和你的同学去公园吗？
alone = by oneself
He lives alone. = He lives by himself.
( ) ①The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____. A. alone ;lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely ( ) ②My little sister is afraid to stay at home alone. A. quietly B. lonely C. all the time D. by herself ( ) ③ He did the work all by himself. A. already B. together C. alone D. lonely
深圳牛津八年级下unit2-知识点归纳和练习
八年级下册Unit 2 Body language 一、词汇二、词组三、句型1. What body language are the boy and the girl showing？show：显示, 展示show – showed – showed / shown【拓展】①（v) 给…。
看,出示.show sb sth = show sth to sb 给某人看某物e.g。
：Please show me your photo。
= Please show your photo to me。
请给我看一看你的照片.②（n）演出，节目，展览会。
e.g.: The show starts at 7：30 p。
m. 演出在晚上7:30开始。
2. A well-dressed lady entered the office。
well —dressed: （adj）衣着入时的，穿着讲究的a well — dressed lady 一位穿着讲究的女士【拓展】dress: (v) 及物动词给…。
穿衣服,后常接人作宾语。
e.g。
：The little girl is too young to dress herself。
小女孩太小了，不能自己穿衣服.get dressed: 穿衣服dress up：盛装，打扮3. People always choose Debbie instead of me.instead of：介词短语,代替.它后面常接宾语，宾语多由名词、代词、动词ing 形式充当.e.g.: We’ll ask Li Mei instead of Mary。
【辨析】instead of 与instead：instead 代替”“替代”，作副词用，通常位于句尾。
如位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。
instead 在顺接句子中作“代替"讲，而在转折(或逆转）句子中作“然而”讲。
Lily isn’t here. Ask Lucy instead. Lily不在这儿,去问Lucy吧.instead of instead of是介宾短语,其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，其宾语多由名词、代词、动词ing 形式充当。
牛津深圳版八年级下册Unit 1 --2语法讲解与练习
广州牛津版八年级下册Unit 1 语法讲解与练习动词不定式1 动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形；否定式：not to+动词原形。
2 动词不定式在句中的作用：（1）作主语。
如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
（2）作表语。
如：He seems to be very rich. 他似乎很有钱。
（3）作宾语。
如：She promised to come. 她答应会来。
（4）作宾补。
如：What do you want me to do? 你想要我做什么？（5）作定语。
如：I have some homework to do. 我有一些作业要做。
（6）作状语。
如：He came to borrow some money. 他来借钱。
（表示目的）Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
（表示原因）3 习惯接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, learn, offer, plan, promise, want, wish, would like等。
如：She hopes to study in America in the future. 她希望将来去美国留学。
I want to buy a new camera. 我想买个新相机。
4 “疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句。
如：I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do. 我不知道该怎么办。
They are learning how to help disabled people. = They are learning how they can help disabled people. 他们正在学习如何帮助残疾人。
5 常用于"动词+宾语+to do"结构的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, help, invite, order, teach, tell, want, wish等。
深圳2014年新版八年级英语下U2 Body language语法与练习
U2 Body language重点语法非谓语动词不定式（to do ，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语。
非谓语动词的常见搭配如下：1.谓语v. + to do (否定not to do)want to do decide to dooffer to do pretend to doagree to do fail to dohope to do hesitate to dorefuse to do arrange to domanage to do plan to dochoose to do intend to dopromise to do happen to do2.谓语v. +sb. / sth. + to do (否定not to do)ask sb. to do encourage sb. to doallow sb. to do warn sb. to doinvite sb. to do require sb. to dopersuade sb. to do inspire sb. to doteach sb. to do order sb. to doforce sb. to do forbid sb. to doadvise sb. to do wish sb. to doexpect sb. to do enable sb. to do3.谓语v.+doingfinish doing insist doingenjoy doing be busy doingpractice doingmind doing give up doingkeen on doing be used to doingconsider doing look forward to doingmiss doing pay attention to doingavoid doing suggest doing4.使役动词+sb./sth.+do (否定not do)let sb. domake sb. dohave sb. do5.有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式to do，也可以加动名词doing。
人教八年级下册下册unit2动词不定式
人教八年级下册下册unit2动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语形式，其结构为to +动词原形，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成的不定时短语，在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。
动词不定式的形式及性质（1）动词不定式的根本形式：to do(to 有时候可省略)（2）动词不定式变否认：not〔to〕do（3）动词不定式无人称变化（4）动词不定式任然保存动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语To speak at he meeting to read newspaper动词不定式的句法作用一．做主语动词不定式做主语，表示句子说的是什么〔指具体动作〕。
例：To answer the teacher’s questions is very difficult.To do my homework often takes me about two hours every day.由于动词不定式或动词不定式短语做主语放在句首太长，有头重脚轻之嫌，所以常常用人称代词it来代替它作主语，称为形式主语，而真正的主语〔动词不定式或动词不定式短语〕被放在句尾。
例：It often takes me about two hours to do my homework every day.It is good for us to do morning exercises every day.于是就出现了初中两个重要句型“it takes sb. time to do sth. 〞“it is+形容词+〔for /of sb.〕to do sth.〞例：It takes me half an hour to come to school.It is difficult for me to finish the homework on tome.二．动词不定式作表语动词不定式常在wish, hope, dream等后作表语。
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Lesson 2动词不定式一、必须掌握的动词不定式的用法。
（一）、经常放在这些动词之后，做宾语。
如：want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help 等。
其形式为：want to do; hope to do 等。
Eg: Remember to post the letter.I hope to stay with you.拓展：（1）主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式Eg: I find it difficult to learn English well.（其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语）注意：此处的谓语动词通常为，think，find，feel，consider（2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.Eg: He began to read and write after dinner.接动词不定式做宾语的动词拓展：（1）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where (why) 除外等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中做主语、宾语或表语等。
Eg: How to control the water pollution is a big problem. （作主语）I don’t know how to study English well. (作宾语)The trouble is whom to invite. (作表语)（2）“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。
Eg: I don’t know what to do next time.= I don’t know what I should do next time.以上动词加不定式做宾语时，也要注意其后加doing的区别。
如：forget doing like doing begin doing start doing但表达的意义不尽一样，动名词作宾语表示动作的经常性、习惯性，而不定式作宾语则表示某次具体的活动或行为。
这样的动词有：like, love等。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim in such cold weather.(like swimming表示一种习惯，而like to swim则表示一种具体的动作。
) 动名词常用在这些动词的后面做宾语：enjoy, mind, finish, imagine, keep, practice, avoid，admit, deny, suggest等。
###一些常见用法###（选学部分：主语和表语）（1）作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。
例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。
例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.It was impossible for them to complete the task（任务）in such a short time.考例1：Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. nowB. manC. thatD. it用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful film.It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
例如：It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.（2）定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。
例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)I have much work to do.（二）、作宾语补足语。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。
其后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise, allow等。
其形式为：ask sb to do sth; tell sb to do sth 等不定式的否定：not to do 如：ask sb not to do sthEg: The doctor asked him to take a good rest at home.She taught me to write something interesting.She asked me not to fight with others.注意：（1）下面动词后面通常接省to的不定式：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.其形式为：have/let /make sb do sth feel sb do shhear sb do sth hear sb doing sthwatch/ see/ notice sb do sth watch/see/notice sb doing sth(2) help 后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可以省略也可以不省略。
Eg: He often helps us (to) do some farming work.(三)、做目的状语。
动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾。
但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号和句子隔开，而在句子末尾一般不用逗号隔开。
Eg: To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.We set out at five in the morning to get there on time.即学即练：单项选择:1. Our teacher often asks us questions in groups.A. discussB. to discussC. discussingD. discussed2. He promised his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. seeB. seeingC. sawD. to see3. ------ Why are you so excited today?------ We were told a picnic this weekend.A. haveB. to haveC. havingD. had4. It’s relaxing to get close to nature the beauty.A. enjoyB. enjoyedC. to enjoyD. enjoys5. ----- I didn’t hear you come in just now.----- That’s good, we tried any noise, for you were sleeping.A. not makeB. not to makeC. to makeD. making6. ----- I’m new here.----- Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can you.A. helpB. to helpC. inviteD. to invite7. The teachers asked us football on the street.A. don’t playB. not playC. not to playD. to not play8. She’s not strong enough walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went9. a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.A. To findB. FindC. To writeD. Write10. ----- Which dress do you like best, Madam?------ Sorry, I can’t decide now.A. to buy which oneB. buy which oneC. which one to buyD. Which should I buy it11. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting a foreign language.A. learningB. learnsC. learnD. to learn12. The Greens enjoy photos, They always go out with their camera.A. to takeB. takeC. tookD. taking13.----- I will go to Harbin for summer vacation. What about you?----- I haven’t decided whereA. goB. wentC. goingD. to go14. Would you please tell me next?A. how to doB. what to doC. what do I doD. how I should do15. The girl wasn't to lift that bookcase.A. too strongB. enough strongC. strong enoughD. so strong16. .For a time his grandmother found accept his new idea.A. hardB. it hardC. it hard toD. it is hard to17.As she has never been there before, I'll have someone her the way.A. showB. to showC. showingD. showed18.You drive slowly. The roads are wet.A. had ratherB. would ratherC. had betterD. would better19.Nothing can make the brave soldier his country.A. turn againstB. to turn againstC. to turn toD. turn to20.In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.A. findB. to findC. lookD. to look for21.It was foolish his car unlocked.A. for him to leaveB. of him to leaveC. for him leaveD. him to leave22.Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. will put back23.Your flat needs . Do you want me it for you?A. to clean; to doB. cleaning; doingC. cleaning; to doD. to be cleaned; doing24. You’re going to China next year. you should now practice___Chinese as much as possible.A. speakB. to speakC. speakingD. speak about25. If you don't feel well, you may just_____A. stopped readingB. stop readingC. stopped to readD. stop to read26. Alex finished ___ his homework before having supper.A. doB. doingC. to doD. does用所给词的适当形式填空。