英语词汇学复习题3

英语词汇学复习
一：单选题：略
二：填空题：
1. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or __________.
2. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation
and ____________.
3. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates ____________.
4. Functional words such as prepositions, conjunctions, though having little lexical
meaning, possess strong ____________meaning.
5. Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.
6. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ____________ affixes.
7. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.
8. Relative synonyms also called __________are similar or nearly the same in
denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.
9. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.
10. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or
function are _________.
11. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is ______ accordingly.
12. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word
appears and is known as ______ context.
13. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.
14. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a _________ as far as figures of speech are
concerned.
15. Synonyms divide into two types, one is absolute synonyms, and the other is _________synonyms.
16. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ____________.
17. In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of ____________.
18. The synonymous pair "die — pass away" has the same _________ but different
stylistic values.
三：名词解释：
1. Degradation or pejoration is a process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words become derogatory meaning.
2. Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
3. Acronym refers to word formed from initial letters of the name of an organization or scientific terms, but pronounced as a normal word.
4. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
5. Componential analysis is often seen as a process of breaking down the sense of a word into in its minimal components, which are known as semantic features or sense components.
四：简答题：
1. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation?
Give examples to illustrate your point.
1)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.举例
2) Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the
method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.举例
2. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? Give examples to illustrate your point.
1)Inflectional affixes are affixed attached to the end of words to indicate
grammatical relationships. 举例
2) Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
举例
3．What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?
Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. It is usually constant and relatively stable. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It is open-ended and indeterminate. It includes four types: connotative, stylistic, affective and collocative meaning.
五：分析题：略。