英语高中学业水平测试课件：第二部分 专题九 定语从句

被修饰的先行 词
指人或物的词
指物的词或整 个主句
指人的词
指人的词
指人或物的词
指人或物的词 或整个主句
表示时间的名 词
表示地点的名 词
关系词在从句中充当的 成分 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语 宾语 定语 主语、宾语
时间状语
地点状语
The work that/which has just been finished is very important.
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This is the small village where (in which) he was born.
The reason why (for which) he refused the invitation is not clear.
注意：①关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的 宾语时不能省略；②关系副词一般可用“介词＋关系代 词”来代替。
4．当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修 饰时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 5．当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing there? 三、只能用关系代词which的几种情况 1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只 能用which(指人时用whom)。 This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago.
第二部分 基础语法突破
专题九 定语从句
一、关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代 词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用， 同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语 和状语成分。
关系词 that which who whom whose as
when
where
This is the boy without whose help I couldn't have passed that difficult exam.
3．“不定代词/数词＋of which/whom”结构。 该结构常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部 分。 Tom has many books, some of which are from his father. The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
二、只能用关系代词that的几种情况 1．当先行词既有人又有物时。 They are talking about the director and his films that I like best. 2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先 行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。 It is the first/best film that I have ever seen. 3．当先行词被the only/the very修饰时。 This is the only book that is worth reading.
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？ (根据shake hands with...确定)
The room in which we took the photos was very dusty.(根据先行词来确定，即in the room)
2．关系代词的选择。 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，指物时关系代词用 which，指人时关系代词用whom，作定语时用whose。 This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.
4．whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋名词。
We saved the boy whose hands were badly injured. ＝We saved the boy the hands of whom were badly injured. ＝We saved the boy of whom the hands were badly injured. 五、which和as的用法区别 当先行词为整个主句时，关系代词用which或as均 可，但二者的用法也有区别。
1．当先行词前面有the same, such, so, as等词修饰 时，关系词常用as。
I've never heard such stories as he tells. She is so nice a girl as we all like. 2．which通常意为“这，这一点”，as通常表示说 话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如，正像”。 He sold his bicycle, which surprised me. As we know, smoking is harmful to our health. ＝Smoking is harmful to our health, as we know.
2．在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用 which。
The meeting was put off, which was actually what we wanted.
四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．介词的选择。 该结构中的介词可用两种方法来选择：①与定语从 句的谓语动词的习惯搭配；②与先行词的搭配。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. This is the house whose window broke last night. Tom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angry. As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world. I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school.