尔雅国际商务管理课后答案
尔雅通识课商法课后问题详解+期末考试
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1.1以下不属于制定法国家制定了商法的是？A、德国B、法国C、英国D、葡萄牙不属于商法调整的商事关系的是？A、消费者与商家B、公司间进货C、企业破产D、企业分立商法发展的第二个阶段是：A.中世纪的商法B.罗马法时代的商法C.16世纪以后到20世纪的商法D.法典化时期的商法关于中世纪商法的特点，说法不正确的是：A、商法是具有国际性的法律B、商法是习惯法C、商法是关于集市的法律D、商法是国家制定法市民法解决的主要问题是人格身份和财产权的归属√罗马成文法的开端是：A.市民法B.《十二表法》C.万民法D.《民法通则》（还有几题不造￣へ￣）1.2罗马人在修订和完善罗马法的过程中，是以制定法为主要依据来整理法律的。
√调整具有罗马城邦公民身份的人之间的法律叫做万民法。
×英国人的商法认为商法最核心的部分是：A 赔偿B 交易C 谈判D 沟通商人是一个阶级，而不是一个职业。
×以下说法不正确的是：A 商法是调整商业关系的法律B 商法解决的事件之一是：商人是什么C 商法的民族化与商法的本土化并不是同一个概念D 商人自治法是指商人自己解决自己内部事务的法律关于16世纪以后商法的特点，不正确的是：A 商法变成了国家制定法B 商法变成了国家控制的法律C 商法被法典化了D 商法是商人的自治法调整不具有罗马城邦公民身份的人之间的法律叫做？A 市民法B 万民法C 公民法D 异邦法市民法和万民法是哪个法的分类？A 中国法B 印度法C 希腊法D 罗马法法典即是一个国家的立法者依照法定的程度所制定的法律。
√施米托夫是哪一学科的主要创始人之一？A 民法学B 经济法学C 国际贸易法学D 社会法学1.3关于李杏仁英诉上海大润发超市存包损害赔偿案败诉的原因，说法不正确的是：A 在超市存包不是保管，而是保管箱的租用B 李杏英没有证据证明存包的事实C 李杏英没有拍照证明自己确实存放物品D 超市的自动储物柜是无偿供消费者使用的中世纪商法是习惯法而不是制定法。
国际商务课后习题参考答案定稿版
国际商务课后习题参考答案HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】C h a p t e r1:G l o b a l i z a t i o n1. Describe the shifts in the world economy over the last 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Great Britain? North America? Hong Kong?Answer: The world economy has shifted dramatically over the past 30 years. As late as the 1960s, four stylized facts described the demographics of the global economy. The first was U.S. dominance in the world economy and world trade. The second was U.S. dominance in the world foreign direct investment picture. Related to this, the third fact was the dominance of large, multinational U.S. firms in the international business scene. The fourth was that roughly half of the globe - the centrally planned economies of the Communist world - was off-limits to Western international businesses. All of these demographic facts have changed. Although the U.S. remains the world's dominant economic power, its share of world output and world exports have declined significantly since the 1960s. This trend does not reflect trouble in the U.S. economy, but rather reflects the growing industrialization of developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea. This trend is also reflected in the world foreign direct investment picture. As depicted in Figure 1.2 in the textbook, the share of world output (or the stock of foreign direct investment) generated by developing countries has been on a steady increase since the 1960s, while the share of world outputgenerated by rich industrial countries has been on a steady decline. Shifts in the world economy can also be seen through the shifting power of multinational enterprises. Since the 1960s, there have been two notable trends in the demographics of the multinational enterprise. The first has been the rise of non-U.S. multinationals, particularly Japanese multinationals. The second has been the emergence of a growing number of small and medium-sized multinationals, called mini-multinationals. The fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet Union have brought about the final shift in the world economy. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia seem to share a commitment to democratic politics and free market economies. Similar developments are being observed in Latin America. If these trends continue, the opportunities for international business may be enormous. The implications of these shifts are similar for North America and Britain. The United States and Britain once had the luxury of being the dominant players in the world arena, with little substantive competition from the developing nations of the world. That has changed. Today, U.S. and British manufacturers must compete with competitors from across the world to win orders. The changing demographics of the world economy favor a city like Hong Kong. Hong Kong (which is now under Chinese rule) is well located with easy access to markets in Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, and other Asian markets. Hong Kong has a vibrant labor force that can compete on par with the industrialized nations of the world. The declinein the influence of the U.S. and Britain on the global economy provides opportunities for companies in Hong Kong to aggressively pursue export markets.2. "The study of international business is fine if you are going to work in a large multinational enterprise, but it has no relevance for individuals who are going to work in smaller firms." Evaluate this statement.Answer: People who believe in this view, and the firms that they work for, may find that they do not achieve their full potential (at best) and may ultimately fail because of their myopia. As barriers to trade decrease and state of the art technological developments take place throughout the world, new opportunities and threats exist on a worldwide basis. The rise of the mini-multinationals suggests there are global opportunities even for small firms. But staying attuned to international markets is not only important from the perspective of seeking profitable opportunities for small firms; it can also be critical for long-term competitive survival. Firms from other countries may be developing products that, if sold internationally, may wipe out small domestic competitors. Scanning international markets for the best suppliers is also important for small firms, for if a domestic competitor is able to tap into a superior supplier from a foreign country, it may be able to seriously erode a small firm's competitive position before the small firm understands the source of its competitor's competitive advantage and can take appropriate counter actions.3. How have changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets and of production? Would the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes?Answer: Changes in technology have contributed to the globalization of markets and of production in a very substantive manner. For instance, improvements in transportation technology have paved the way for companies like Coca-Cola, Levi Strauss, Sony and McDonalds to make their products available worldwide. Similarly, improvements in communications technology have had a major impact. The ability to negotiate across continents has been facilitated by improved communications technology, and the rapidly decreasing cost of communications has lowered the expense of coordinating and controlling a global corporation. Finally, the impact of information technology has been far reaching. Companies can now gain worldwide exposure simply by setting up a homepage on the Internet. This technology was not available just a few short years ago. The globalization of production and markets may have been possible without improvements in technology, but the pace of globalization would have been much slower. The falling cost of technology has made it affordable for many developing nations, which has been instrumental in helping these nations improve their share of world output and world exports. The inclusion of these nations, such as China, India, Thailand, and South Korea, has been instrumental in the globalization of markets and production. In addition, improvements in global transportationand communication have made it relatively easy for business executives from different countries to converse with one another. If these forms of technology, including air-travel, fax capability, e-mail, and overnight delivery of packages were not available, it would be much more difficult for businesses to conduct international trade.4. "Ultimately, the study of international business is no different from the study of domestic business. Thus, there is no point in having a separate course on international business." Evaluate this statement.Answer: This statement reflects a poor understanding of the unique challenges involved in international business. Managing an international business is different from managing a purely domestic business for at least four reasons. These are: (1) countries are different; (2) the range of problems confronted by a manager in an international business is wider and the problems themselves more complex than those confronted by a manager in a domestic business; (3) an international business must find ways to work within the limits imposed by government intervention in the international trade and investment system; and (4) international transactions involve converting money into different currencies. As a result of these differences, there are ample reasons for studying international business as a specific field of study or discipline.5. How might the Internet and the associated World Wide Web impactinternational business activity and the globalization of the world economy? Answer: According to the text, the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) promise to develop into the information background of tomorrow's global economy. This improved technology will not only make it easier for individuals and companies in different countries to conduct business with one another, but will also further decrease the cost of communications. These improvements will undoubtedly hasten the already rapid pace of globalization. Another distinct attribute of the Internet and the WWW is that they act as an equalizer between large (resource rich) and small (resource poor) firms. For instance, it does not cost any more for a small software firm to gain visibility via the WWW than it does for a large software company like Microsoft. As a result, the WWW helps small companies reach the size of audience that was previously only within the reach of large, resource rich firms.6. If current trends continue, China may emerge as the world's largest economy by 2020. Discuss the possible implications of such a development for(1) The world trading system.(2)The world monetary system.(3)The business strategy of today's European and U.S. based global corporations.(4)Global commodity prices.Answer: The world trading system would clearly be affected by such a development. Currently China enjoys a somewhat privileged status within theWorld Trade Organization as a “developing” country. Such a rise to eminence, however, would clearly force it to become a full and equal member, with all the rights and responsibilities. China would also be in a position to actively affect the terms of trade between many countries. On the monetary front, one would expect that China would have to have fully convertible and trading currency, and it could become one of the “benchmark” currencies of the world. From the perspective of Western global firms, China would represent both a huge market, and potentially the home base of some very capable competitors. Finally, commodity prices would probably fall.7. Read the Country Focus in this chapter on the Ecuadorian rose industry, the answer the following questions:a) How has participation in the international rose trade helped Ecuador’s economy and its people? How has the rise of Ecuador as a center for rose growing benefited consumers in developed nations who purchase the roses? What do the answers to these questions tell you about the benefits of international trade?b) Why do you think that Ecuador’s rose ind ustry only began to take of 20 years ago? Why do you think it has grown so rapidly?c) To what extent can the alleged health problems among workers in Ecuador’s rose industry be laid at the feet of consumers in the developed world and their desire for perfect Valentine’s Day roses?d) Do you think governments in the developed world should place trade sanctions on Ecuador roses if reports of health issues among Ecuadorian rose workers are verified? What else might they do to improve the situation in Ecuador?a) Ecuador is the world’s fourth largest producer of roses. In fact, roses represent the country’s fifth largest export. The industry is vital to Ecuador’s economy, creating tens of thousands of jobs, jobs that pay significantly above the country’s minimum wage. Taxes and revenues from the rose growers have also helped to pave roads, build schools, and construct sophisticated irrigation systems. For Ecuador’s consumers, the success of the industry means bigger, more vibrant flowers than were previously available. Most students will recognize that the conditions in Ecuador give the country a distinct advantage in rose growing, and that by focusing on the industry, Ecuador has been able to benefit from international trade. Consumers in other countr ies also benefit from Ecuador’s flower exports with better products.b) Ecuador’s rose industry began some 20 years ago, and has been expanding rapidly ever since then. Most students will probably focus advances in technology as a key to the industry’s s uccess. Roses are a very fragile, perishable product. Modern technology enables growers to used refrigerated air transport to get the product to markets around the globe. Without that ability, the growers would be limited to the market immediately surroundingthe country.c) Students will probably be divided on this issue with some students arguing that consumers are to blame for the problems, and others placing the blame on the growers. Students taking the first perspective will probably suggest that most consumers purchase their roses with little consideration for how they are grown. Rather, most consumers simply focus on their beauty and price. Students blaming the growers might argue that growers, because they feel the effect of less-than-perfect roses in the form of smaller profits, will be motivated to find ways to produce ever more perfect flowers. Certainly, the use of pesticides and other products can produce a better crop. In the end, there is probably blame on both sides. If more consumers were aware of the health problems resulting from the improper use of pesticides, they would probably demand some changes. Similarly, if pressure were put on the growers to use pesticides safely, health problems could be reduced.d) Trade sanctions are a tool that is often employed by governments that are making a statement against a specific action or actions. In the case of Ecuador, trade sanctions certainly would be an option, as would publicizing the situation so that more consumers were aware of the conditions. In the end though, it is important to consider the effect of the sanctions or other measures on people like Maria who might lose their livelihood as a result. Chapter 2: National Differences1. Free market economies stimulate greater economic growth, whereas state-directed economies stifle growth! Discuss.Answer: In a market economy, private individuals and corporations are allowed to own property and other assets. This right of ownership provides a powerful incentive for people to work hard, introduce new products, develop better advertising campaigns, invent new products, etc., all in the hopes of accumulating additional personal capital and wealth. In turn, the constant search on the part of individuals and corporation to accumulate wealth enriches the entire economy and creates economic growth. In contrast, in a command economy, private individuals and corporations are not allowed to own substantial quantities of property and other assets. The objective of a command economy is for e veryone to work for “the good of the society.” Although this sounds like a noble ideal, a system that asks individuals to work for the good of society rather than allowing individuals to build personal wealth does not provide a great incentive for people to invent new products, develop better advertising campaigns, find ways to be more efficient, etc. As a result, command economies typically generate less innovation and are less efficient than market economies.2. A democratic political system is an essential condition for sustained economic progress. Discuss.Answer: This question has no clear-cut answer. In the West, we tend to arguethat democracy is good for economic progress. This argument is largely predicted upon the idea that innovation is the engine of economic growth, and a democratic political system encourages rather than stifles innovation. However, there are examples of totalitarian regimes that have fostered a market economy and strong property rights protection and experienced rapid economic growth. The examples include four of the fastest growing economies of the past 30 years – South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong – all of which have grown faster than Western economies. However, while it is possible to argue that democracy is not a necessary precondition for the establishment of a free market economy, it seems evident that subsequent economic growth leads to establishment of democratic regimes. Several of the fastest-growing Asian economies have recently adopted more democratic governments.3. What is the relationship between corruption (i.e., bribe taking by government officials) in a country and economic growth? Is corruption always bad?Answer: Economic evidence suggests that high levels of corruption significantly reduce the economic growth rate in a country. By siphoning off profits, corrupt politicians and bureaucrats reduce the returns to business investment, and hence, reduce the incentive that both domestic and foreign businesses have to invest in that country. The lower level of investment that results has a negative impact on economic growth. However, while most studentswill probably agree that corruption is bad, some may point out that the U.S., despite its Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, does allow “grease payments” to expedite or secure the performance of a routine governmental action. According to Congress, “grease payments” while technically bribes are not being used to obtain or maintain business, but rather are simply made to facilitate performance of duties that the recipients are already obligated to perform. 4. The Nobel prize-winning economist Amartya Sen argues that the concept of development should be broadened to include more than just economic development. What other factors does Sen think should be included in an assessment of development? How might adop tion of Sen’s views influence government policy? Do you think Sen is correct that development is about more than just economic development? Explain.Answer: Sen has argued that development be assessed less by material output measures such as GNP per capita, and more by the capabilities and opportunities that people enjoy. Sen suggests that development be seen as a process of expanding real freedoms that people experience, and as such, that development requires the removal of major impediments to freedom. Governments influenced by Sen might ensure that basic health care and education programs are available especially for women. Many students will agree with Sen and the notion that development is not just an economic process, but a political one too, and that to succeed citizens must be given a voice in the important decisions made for the country.5. You are the CEO of a company that has to choose between making a $100 million investment in either Russia or the Czech Republic. Both investments promise the same long-run return, so your choice of which investment to make is driven by considerations of risk. Assess the various risks of doing business in each of these nations. Which investment would you favor and why? Answer: When assessing the risks of investment, one should consider the political, economic, and legal risks of doing business in either Russia or the Czech Republic. At this time (Fall 2002), the risk in Russia would probably be considered higher than the risk in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic has just been accepted as a future member of the EU, and as such gains the benefits and stability offered by the EU. Russia, by contrast, is still many years away from even being in a position to be considered by the EU for membership. Depending upon when you are using the book, this situation could be different. (You also may want to substitute other countries into this question depending on current events and the countries with which you feel your students will be most familiar.)6. Read the Country Focus on India in this chapter and answer the following questions:a. What kind of economic system did India operate during 1947-1990? What kind of system is it moving towards today? What are the impediments to completing this transformation?b. How might widespread public ownership of businesses and extensive government regulations have impacted (i) the efficiency of state and private businesses, and (ii) the rate of new business formation in India during the 1947-1990 time frame? How do you think these factors affected the rate of economic growth in India during this time frame?c. How would privatization, deregulation, and the removal of barriers to foreign direct investment affect the efficiency of business, new business formation, and the rate of economic growth in India during the post-1990 time period?d. India now has pockets of strengths in key high technology industries such as software and pharmaceuticals. Why do you think India is developing strength in these areas? How might success in these industries help to generate growth in other sectors of the Indian economy?e. Given what is now occurring in the Indian economy, do you think that the country represents an attractive target for inward investment by foreign multinationals selling consumer products? Why?Answer:a. The economic system that developed in India after 1947 was a mixed economy characterized by a large number of state-owned enterprises, centralized planning, and subsidies. In 1991, India’s government embarked on anambitious economic reform program. Much of the industrial licensing system was dismantled, and several areas once closed to the private sector were opened. In addition, investment by foreign companies was welcomed, and plans to start privatizing state-owned businesses were announced. India has posted impressive gains since 1991, however there are still impediments to further transformation. Attempts to reduce import tariffs have been stalled by political opposition from employers, employees, and politicians. Moreover, the privatization program has been slowed thanks to actions taken by the Supreme Court. Finally, extreme poverty continues to plague the country.b. The mixed economy that developed in India after 1947 was characterized by a large number of state-owned enterprises, centralized planning, and subsidies. This system not only constrained the growth of the private sector, but it also consequently limited the effects of competition that typically promote efficiency and productivity in a free market system. The system even limited the actions of private companies, requiring them to get government approval for routine business activities. Production quotas and high import tariffs also stunted the development of a healthy private sector, as did restrictive labor laws that made it difficult to fire employees. Foreign exchange restrictions, limitations on foreign investment, controls on land use, and managed prices further exacerbated the situation. It would appear that India’s rate of economic growth was negatively affected during this time frame. By 1994, India’s economy was still smaller than Belgium’sdespite having a large population. Both GDP and literacy rates were very low, and some 40 percent of the population lived in poverty.c. In 1991, India’s government embarked on an ambitious economic reform program. So far, the response to the program has been impressive. The economy expanded at an annual rate of about 6.3 percent from 1994 to 2004. Foreign investment is up from $150 million in 1990 to $6 billion in 2005. Certain sectors of the economy including information technology and pharmaceuticals have done particularly well. Still, problems persist. Actions taken by the government continue to limit efficiency gains for private companies and the country’s high rate of poverty is still a major problem.d. India’s gains in information technology and pharmaceuticals are impressive. The country has emerged as a vibrant global center for software development, and India’s pharmaceutical companies have taken a strong global position by selling low cost generic versions of drugs that have come of patent in the developed world. As these industries continue to prosper, other sectors of the economy should also see the benefit of spillover effects.e. Foreign investment is up in India. In fact, foreign investment rose from $150 million in 1990 to $6 billion in 2005. However, whether India is an attractive destination for foreign multinationals selling consumer products remains to be seen. Certainly, the large population will serve to attractsome companies, but the fact that some 40 percent of the population is living in abject poverty will scare other companies away. Moreover, it is still not easy to run a company in India thanks to laws limiting everything from who can be fired to who can which products.Chapter 3: Differences in Culture1. Outline why the culture of a country influences the costs of doing business in that country. Illustrate your answer with examples.Answer: Since in a sense the entire chapter is about this question, there can be numerous reasons and examples of how culture influences the costs of doing business. Several are highlighted in the following sentences, but there could be numerous others. When there are simply different norms between how individuals from different countries interact, the costs of doing business rise as people grapple with unfamiliar ways of doing business. For example, while in the US we may get down to business first, and then get to know each other socially later, in many South American countries it is important develop a good social relationship before trying to discuss business issues. Different class structures and social mobility also raise the costs of doing business, for if there are inhibitions against working with people from different classes, then the efficiency with which information can flow may be limited and the cost of running a business increased. A country's religion can also affect the costs of business, as religious values can affectattitudes towards work, entrepreneurship, honesty, fairness, and social responsibility. In Hindu societies where the pursuit of material well-being can be viewed as making spiritual well being less likely, worker productivity may be lower than in nations with other religious beliefs. Finally, a country's education system can have important implications for the costs of business. In countries where workers receive excellent training and are highly literate, the need for specific worker training programs are decreased and the hiring of additional employees is facilitated.2. Do you think business practices in an Islamic country are likely to differ from business practices in the United States? If so, how?Answer: A number of aspects of the cultural differences between an Islamic country and the USA will cause business practices to differ. The role women can take, appropriate etiquette (including simple things like not passing papers with the left hand), holidays, and wining and dining all differ from in the USA. But beyond these, the underlying philosophy and role of business differs from in the USA. Since Muslims are stewards of property for God, rather than owners, they are more likely to use their resources carefully and may be less likely to give up or sell something to a person who may not practice the same stewardship. The importance of fairness to all parties in relations means that over-aggressiveness in self-interest may not be well received, and breaking an agreement, even if technically/legally permissible may be viewed as very inappropriate. Finally, the prohibitions on interestpayments in some Islamic countries means that the wording of the terms of an agreement must be done carefully so that "fair profits" are not construed as being "interest payments."3. What are the implications for international business of differences in the dominant religion of a country?Answer: Differences in the dominant religion of a country affect relationships, attitudes toward business, and overall economic development. Firstly, differences in religion require inter-cultural sensitivity. This sensitivity requires things like simply knowing the religious holidays, accepting that some unexpected things may happen "because of Allah's will," or understanding how interpersonal relationships may be different between "believers" and "non-believers." (Hence non-believers may be treated differently.) Secondly, religious beliefs can significantly affect a countries attitude toward business, work, and entrepreneurship. In one country successfully beating a competitor may be considered a great achievement while in another it may be thought of as showing a lack of compassion and disruptive to the society and persons involved, both attitudes that may be derived from underlying religious beliefs. Likewise, hard work may be either rewarded positively or viewed as something of secondary importance to spiritual peace and harmony. Thirdly, different dominant religions may affect the overall competitiveness and potential for economic growth of a nation, and hence attractiveness of a country for international business.。
《国际商务》思考题答案
《国际商务》思考题答案第1章导论1．什么是国际商务,国际商务包括哪些主要内容？参考答案：国际商务是一门研究为满足个人及组织需求而进行的跨国界交易的科学.一般而言,国际商务包括两层含义：一是指跨越国界的任何形式的商业性活动,包括几乎任何形式的经济资源——商品、劳务、技术、资本和信息等的国际转移；二是指国家、企业或个人以经济利益为目的而进行的商业性经济活动.2．国际商务有哪些特点？参考答案：1.国际商务是企业国际化战略的综合反映；2.国际商务是以进入和开拓国际市场为目标；3.国际商务复杂多变、风险更大.3．为何社会文化环境对国际商务运营如此重要？参考答案：社会文化环境是指企业国际经营所涉及国家或地区居民的语言文化、教育水平、宗教信仰、价值取向、风俗习惯以及社会组织结构等多方面内容的综合.不同国家的文化社会环境各有差异和特点,国际商务运营中需要尤其注意当地风俗、习惯、宗教信仰等.4．如何评估国际商务宏观环境？参考答案：一般情况下,不同行业、不同企业根据自身特点和经营需要,对国际商务宏观环境分析的具体内容存在差异,但一般都应对政治法律（political）、经济（economic）、社会文化（social）、技术（technological）这四大类影响企业国际商务活动的主要外部环境因素进行分析,即PEST分析法.5．企业进行国际商务运营的动因和条件？参考答案：寻求市场、寻求资源、寻求先进的技术和管理理念、寻求效率、寻找贸易支持条件.6．国际商务的形成与发展经历了哪些阶段？参考答案：国际商务的发展历程可以划分为以下三个阶段：贸易主导阶段、投资主导阶段、全球商务阶段（生产活动国际化不断增强、国际贸易对企业经营更加重要、国际商务活动的需求环境逐渐形成、无形贸易在国际商务活动中的重要性凸显、世界经济区域化、集团化）第2章国际贸易理论1. 单选题（1）主张一国应集中生产优势最大或劣势最小的产品的国际分工理论是（B）A．绝对优势理论 B. 比较优势理论 C. 异质性企业贸易理论 D. 产业内贸易理论参考答案：B（2）提出各国应按照生产要素禀赋进行国际分工的经济学家是（C）A．亚当·斯密 B. 里昂惕夫 C. 赫克歇尔和俄林 D. 大卫·李嘉图参考答案：C（3）主张各国按绝对有利的生产条件进行国际分工的理论是（A）A．绝对优势理论 B. 比较优势理论 C. 产品生命周期理论 D. 产业内贸易理论参考答案：A（4）要素禀赋理论认为,国际贸易将会使各国生产要素价格的差别（B）A．变大 B. 变小 C. 不变 D. 无法确定参考答案：B（5）一国拥有的资本要素充裕,就应专门生产并出口资本密集型产品,这一说法来自（C）A．绝对优势理论 B. 比较优势理论 C. 要素禀赋理论 D. 产业内贸易理论参考答案：C2. 多选题（1）广义的要素禀赋理论包括（ABC）A．罗伯津斯基理论 B. 要素价格均等化理论 C.H-O理论D. 产业内贸易理论参考答案：ABC（2）产业内贸易的商品必须具备的两个条件是（AC）A．消费上能够相互替代 B. 劳动密集型产品 C. 生产中需要相近或相似的生产要素投入 D. 资本密集型产品参考答案：AC（3）对里昂惕夫之谜的解释的理论有（ABD）A．劳动熟练说 B. 自然资源说 C. 技术差距说 D. 人力资本说参考答案：ABD（4）英国生产一单位酒需要120人/年,生产一单位毛呢需要100人/年；葡萄牙生产一单位酒需要80人/年,生产一单位毛呢需要90人/年,根据比较优势理论,（BC）A．英国应该生产和出口酒 B. 英国应该生产和出口毛呢 C. 葡萄牙应该生产和出口酒D. 葡萄牙应该生产和出口毛呢参考答案：BC（5）动态的国际贸易的理论有（BC）A．要素禀赋理论 B. 产品生命周期理论 C. 技术差距理论 D. 异质性企业贸易理论参考答案：BC3. 简答题（1）绝对优势理论的基本观点是什么？参考答案：绝对优势理论的基本观点是各国应该集中生产并出口其具有劳动生产率和生产成本“绝对优势”的产品,进口其不具有“绝对优势”的产品.贸易的双方都会从贸易中获利.（2）比较优势理论的核心思想是什么？与绝对优势理论有什么区别？参考答案：李嘉图的比较优势理论认为贸易的基础是生产技术的相对差别.每个国家应该集中生产并出口其具有“比较优势”的产品,进口其具有“比较劣势”的产品.绝对优势理论比较是直接在二者中选出谁好谁劣,而比较优势理论则是“两利相权取其重,两弊相权取其轻.”；绝对优势理论只能说明各国分别在某一种或某几中产品的生产上,劳动生产率高于其他国家,分工得以形成,而比较优势理论还可以解释当一国在所有产品的生产上劳动生产率都高于他国时国际贸易得以成立的原因；绝对优势理论是同一产品一国对另一国的优势,是内生的,而比较优势理论是同一国一产品对另一种产品的优势,是外生性的.（3）要素禀赋理论的基本内容是什么？参考答案：要素禀赋理论认为国家贸易的基础是生产要素的禀赋和使用比例的相对差别,各国倾向于集中生产并出口那些密集使用本国充裕资源的产品,进口那些密集使用本国稀缺资源的产品.（4）基于局部均衡分析要素禀赋理论下贸易影响和贸易所得.参考答案：①贸易影响：没有贸易时出口国的国内市场均衡价格<国际市场价格<没有贸易时进口国的国内市场均衡价格.进口国外商品会导致国内同类产品价格下降,生产减少,消费增加.出口产品的价格上升,生产增加,国内消费减少.②贸易所得：对出口国而言,出口产品价格提高,使“消费者剩余”减少,但对生产者来说,出口则带来了很大利益：既增加了产量,又提高了价格,“生产者剩余”增加,出口使本国消费者受害而生产者得益.对进口国而言,从生产者的角度来讲,自由贸易并非一件好事,在廉价进口的冲击下,“生产者剩余”减少.但正是由于廉价外国产品的进口,使得“消费者剩余”增加,进口使本国消费者受益生产者受损.无论是对进口国还是对出口国而言,贸易使该国的整体福利增加.具体分析见本章第3节.（4）什么是里昂惕夫之谜？西方学者对此作了哪些解释？参考答案：里昂惕夫1947年运用投入一产出分析法考察美国对外易商品结构,拟对H-O 定理进行实践上的验证时,却发现美国出口的是劳动密集型产品,进口的却是资本密集型产品,而美国显然是一个资本雄厚而劳动相对不足的国家.这一结论与赫克歇尔、俄林的观点完全相反.西方学者提出了人力资本说、熟练劳动说、自然资源论、要素密集度逆转论、需求偏向论和贸易保护论六种解释.（5）什么是产业内贸易？其产生的原因是什么？参考答案：产业内贸易,是指同一产业部门具有相似的要素投入和消费替代性的产品通过外部或内部市场在不同国家或地区间的双向流动,简单地说,它是指一个国家或地区既进口又出口同一产业部门的现象,在某些研究中,又被称为双向贸易或重叠贸易.产业内贸易理论中所指的产业,必须具备两个条件：一是生产投入要素相近；二是产品在消费上可以相互替代.产生的原因主要有产品的同质性、规模经济和经济发展水平三方面.（6）简述产品生命周期理论的主要内容.参考答案：从创新国与模仿国的角度,将产品生命周期划分为五个阶段.第一阶段为新产品阶段.在这一阶段,由于新产品刚刚问世,仅在创新国生产和消费,所以既无出口也无进口.第二阶段为产品成长阶段.在这一阶段,创新国对新产品进行了改进,使产量迅速提高.此时,国外还不能生产这种产品,故创新国在国内外市场都拥有垄断地位.在这一阶段,将有一定量的新产品出口到国外,主要是其他一些发达国家.第三阶段为产品成熟阶段.新产品在创新国已经标准化,创新厂商开始授权外国厂商生产这种产品.第四阶段为其他发达国家参与新产品的出口市场竞争.模仿国不仅为本国消费者生产,而且出口产品,并且成为该产品的主要出口国.第五阶段为创新国成为该产品的进口国.由于外国的技术水平与创新国的技术水平逐渐接近,同时外国的工资水平仍低于创新国,因此该产品在其他一些发达国家生产和出口,而创新国逐渐成为该产品的净进口国.此外,由于技术日益陈旧,技术的转让费用越来越低,技术逐渐在发展中国家扩散,一些发展中国家开始引进该产品的技术进行生产和出口,最后发展中国家成为该产品的主要生产国和出口国.（7）国家竞争优势理论的主要内容.参考答案：迈克尔·波特的国家竞争优势理论认为,一国的国内经济环境对企业开发其自身的竞争能力有很大影响,其中影响最大、最直接的因素是以下四项因素：生产要素、需求要素、相关和支持产业以及企业战略和组织结构.第3章对外直接投资理论1.国际直接投资的基本理论有哪些？参考答案：国际直接投资的基本理论包括垄断优势理论、内部化理论、国际生产折衷理论、对外直接投资发展阶段理论和投资诱发要素组合理论.2.简述垄断优势理论的主要内容及其重要发展.参考答案：垄断优势理论认为,在完全竞争的市场条件下,国际贸易是跨国企业进入国际市场的唯一方式,并根据比较优势原则从事进出口活动；而市场不完全性的存在使得一些企业取得了垄断优势,这些垄断优势则成为企业对外直接投资的根本动力和决定因素.在二十世纪六、七十年代,众多西方经济学家在海默与金德尔伯格研究的基础上进一步对垄断优势理论进行了发展与完善,主要包括约翰逊“知识资产垄断优势理论”、凯夫斯“产品异质化垄断优势理论”、尼克博克“寡占反应垄断优势理论”和阿哈罗奈“生产技术垄断优势理论”.3.目前跨国公司内部贸易增长较快,请以内部化理论解释该现象.参考答案：内部化理论认为世界市场是不完全竞争的市场,跨国公司为了其自身的利益,为克服外部市场的某些失效以及某些产品的特殊性质或垄断势力的存在,导致企业市场交易成本的增加.而通过国际直接投资, 公司可以将本来应在外部市场交易的业务转变为在公司所属企业之间进行,并形成一个内部市场.从而通过外部市场内部化降低交易成本和交易风险.4.国际生产折衷理论的主要内容有哪些？如何评价？参考答案：国际生产折衷理论的核心为“三优势模式”（O.I.L.Paradigm）,即跨国公司经营决策是由所有权优势、内部化优势和区位优势三组变量决定的.一国企业是否应从事国际生产和对外直接投资,应当全面研究和评价它是否具备所有权优势、内部化优势和区位优势,三类优势是相互结合、缺一不可的,任何一类优势都不能单独用来解释国际生产和对外直接投资的倾向,只有同时具备这三类优势才能进行对外直接投资.若只拥有所有权优势而无力将其内部化,同时也不能利用国外的区位优势,则最好采用许可证合同的方式转让技术；若公司具备所有权优势且能够将其内部化,但仍然不具备区位优势,则其最优选择为国内生产然后出口；若公司同时具备所有权优势、内部化优势和区位优势,则企业应当选择对外直接投资.邓宁的国际生产折衷理论融合了自海默以来的多家国际直接投资理论学派,具有高度的概括性和综合性,用以评价在对外直接投资的起因和发展方面影响重大的一系列因素,较为全面准确地解释了跨国公司的国际生产活动,成为国际直接投资理论中影响最大、最为深远的理论框架,被称为对外直接投资的“通论”.5.对外直接投资发展阶段理论与国际生产折衷理论的区别在哪里？参考答案：国际生产折衷理论的研究对象是发达国家的跨国公司,而对外直接投资发展阶段理论则是形成了一个对发达国家和发展中国家普遍适用的国际直接投资理论框架；国际生产折衷理论认为一个国家的对外直接投资倾向只取决于其所拥有的所有权优势、内部化优势以及区位优势,而对外直接投资发展阶段理论则认为对外直接投资的一部分是国家特定优势或企业特定优势的函数,另一部分是该国经济发展阶段的函数.6.简述投资诱发要素组合理论的基本内容.参考答案：投资诱发要素组合理论认为,任何形式的对外直接投资都是在投资直接诱发要素和间接诱发要素的组合作用下而发生的.所谓直接诱发要素,主要是指各类生产要素,包括劳动力、资本、资源、技术、管理及信息知识等.间接诱发要素是指除直接诱发要素以外的其他诱发对外直接投资的因素,主要包括三个方面：(1)投资国政府诱发和影响对外直接投资的因素.(2)东道国诱发和影响对外直接投资的因素.(3)全球性诱发和影响对外直接投资的因素.发达国家对外直接投资主要是直接诱发要素在起作用,这与他们拥有某种要素优势有关,如资本、技术、管理等.而发展中国家则相反,由于他们相对于发达国家缺乏明显的直接诱发要素优势,对外直接投资很大程度上受间接诱发要素影响.间接诱发要素对当代国际直接投资起着越来越重要的作用.第4章国际收支与汇率理论1．什么是一价定律？它有什么假设？使用范围是什么？参考答案：一价定律可表述为,当贸易是开放的且交易费用为零时,同样的货物无论在何地销售,其价格都必然相同.即：表示商品的国内价格,表示的是商品的国外价格,为两国间的汇率.一价定律的成立需要满足严格的限制条件,例如没有额外交易成本的假设.同时,一价定律并不适用于世界上所有的商品和服务,因为某些商品和服务（例如理发等）是非贸易品,各国的消费习惯、经济发展阶段与产业结构的差异也会扭曲一价定律.2、购买力平价理论的贡献有哪些？有哪些缺陷？能否真实反映一国的经济发展水平？参考答案：购买力平价理论提出了纸币制度下决定汇率的基础,可以判断一国货币币值是否被高估或低估,为制定正确的汇率政策提供依据.同时,它还可以作为换算工具,用来比较各国的主要国民经济指标,避免按照市场汇率转换而产生的偏差.购买力平价理论的缺陷在于,各国国内都存在一些不进入国际贸易领域、不参与国际交易的商品和劳务,无法衡量其价格水平；它要求不同市场上的同类、同质商品的价格通过国际贸易趋向相等,这一条件存在的前提国家间的自由贸易和交易成本为零,但在国际贸易的实践中,存在着种种人为障碍（如关税壁垒、进口配额、进口许可证制、外汇管制以及市场上存在的垄断力量等）和自然障碍（如贸易本身所涉及的运输成本和保险费用等）,因此,贸易商品的价格是不可能完全趋向相等的.该理论并不能真实反映一国的经济水平.因为在购买力平价理论的框架中,消费者偏好的变化、生产技术的进步、资本货物或生产资料的积累、市场结构的改变以及国民收入的增长等实际因素对汇率的影响被简化,该理论仅仅在货币性经济变量之上进行分析,将实际性经济变量以及人们的预期心理因素排斥在外.政府实施的管制及其他干预措施、市场参与者的预期心理出现的频繁变化等因素,也都会阻碍货币汇率对通货膨胀率差异作出充分的调整,从而使得购买力平价难以成立.3、利率平价方程说明了什么？如何理解现实中对利率平价的偏离？参考答案：利率平价方程表明：如果国内利率高于国外利率,远期外汇将升水；反之则贴水,而且升（贴）水率等于利率差异.现实中对利率平价的偏离情况为投资者提供了机会,根据利率平价对现实偏离的方向进行分析,既可以让风险爱好者赖以牟利,也可以为风险规避者提供避险的依据.4．西方发达国家的学者们根据购买力平价计算的结果,认为中国经济发展水平目前已经位居世界前列,并据此对中国以发展中国家的身份加入世界贸易组织的要求设置种种障碍.试根据购买力平价的缺陷谈谈你的看法.参考答案：参照第二题.购买力平价说本身就存在许多缺陷,因此给予此理论的论述可以作为特定假设下的参考,而用于政策制定则难免有失偏颇.5．如果分别代表本国和外国利率水平,分别代表以间接标价法表示的即期汇率与远期汇率,而且远期期限与利率期限相同.试推导利率平价条件并解释它为什么会成立？参考答案：如果用本币投资于本国金融市场,则1单位本国货币到期可增值为.如果这一单位本币用于投资于外国金融市场,则这一投资行为分为三个步骤：(1)先在外汇市场上兑换为外币,在间接标价法下,可得单位的外币；(2)再投资于外国金融市场,一年后可得外币：个单位；(3)存款到期后,将外国货币在外汇市场上按照远期汇率换成本国货币,可得本币：个单位.如果,则众多的投资者都会将资金投入外国金融市场,这导致外汇市场上即期购入外国货币以及远期卖出外国货币行为增多,从而使本币即期贬值(增大),远期升值(减小),投资于外国金融市场的收益率下降,反之亦然.只有当这两种投资方式的收益率完全相同时,市场才处于平衡状态.所以,当投资者采取持有远期合约的抛补方式交易时,市场会最终使利率与汇率之间形成下列关系：.记即期汇率与远期汇率之间的升(贴)水率为,整理得间接表示法下的利率平价公式：,其经济含义是：汇率的远期升贴水率等于两国货币利率水平之差.6、假定美国与瑞士的利率分别为,即期汇率为1美元等于1.1314瑞士法郎,试计算瑞士法郎三个月的远期汇率.参考答案：第5章国际贸易与世界市场1.什么是区域经济一体化? 它有哪些形式?参考答案：区域经济一体化是指位于某一地理区域内的各个国家通过相互合作,削减或消除国与国之间的商品、劳务和资本的流通壁垒的过程被.区域经济一体化可以划分为以下几种形式,其中每一种经济一体化形式都包含了比它更低层次的一体化形式的所有特点.主要包括特惠贸易安排、自由贸易区、关税同盟、共同市场、经济同盟和完全的经济一体化.☆2.试分析自由贸易区与关税同盟的区别.参考答案：自由贸易区通常指签订有自由贸易协定的国家所组成的经济贸易集团,成员国相互取消关税和数量限定,使区域内各成员国的商品可以自由流动,但各成员国仍保留独立的对非成员国的关税和其他贸易壁垒,以及保持其内外经济政策的独立性.其重要特征是在该一体化组织参与者之间取消了商品贸易的障碍,成员国内的厂商可以将商品自由的输入和输出,真正实现了商品的自由贸易,但是它严格地将这种贸易待遇限制在参与国或成员国之间.自由贸易区的另一个重要特征是成员国之间没有共同对外关税.而关税同盟是指成员国根据缔结的协定,将各自的关税合并为一个统一的关税,成员国之间取消关税和进口数量限制,对从同盟以外的国家进口的货物实行统一的关税和进口数量限制.关税同盟规定成员国之间共同、统一的对外关税,实际上是将关税的制定权让渡给经济一体化组织.它不像自由贸易区那样,只是相互之间取消关税,而不作权利让渡.因此,关税同盟对成员国的约束力比自由贸易区大.3.简述WTO的基本原则.参考答案：世界贸易组织建立的协定是国际贸易制度运行和各成员国贸易政策制定的法律基础,它继承了关贸总协定的主要原则,比关贸总协定约束的范围更加广泛,它是一个真正意义上的国际贸易体系. 在世界贸易组织建立的协定中,明确指出了五个基本原则,即非歧视原则、通过谈判逐渐推行贸易自由化原则、可预见原则、促进公平竞争原则和鼓励发展与改革原则.非歧视原则,即贯彻最惠国待遇和国民待遇原则,非歧视原则在关贸总协定中作了明确的规定.贸易自由化原则是指通过减少贸易障碍来促进贸易的扩大.这些贸易障碍不仅是指进口关税,还包括各种数量限制、政府的某些限制进口的规定以及汇率政策等方面的限制措施.可预见性原则是指各成员国在其贸易政策或规定执行以前,要对成员国公开并通知世界贸易组织.鼓励公平竞争的原则是指世界贸易要在公开、公正和不受干预的情况下开展,因而该体系反对倾销、补贴及政府的歧视性采购等.鼓励发展与改革原则是指对发展中成员国的经济发展和改革采取鼓励原则.4.关贸总协定通过八轮谈判成功地降低了各成员国货物贸易中的关税和非关税壁垒,为什么还要成立WTO？参考答案：关贸总协定的制定使得国际贸易能够在一个比较自由的贸易环境下展开.但关贸总协定在设立时,主要是针对货物贸易及其相关产业部门的贸易问题而设定的规则协议,这就制约着缔约国之间贸易范围的发展扩大,如服务贸易和知识产权等贸易问题.1986年9 月,关贸总协定在乌拉圭启动第八轮谈判(又称乌拉圭回合),谈判议题中涉及了服务贸易和与贸易有关的知识产权等非货物贸易问题.这些重大议题的谈判成果很难在关税与贸易总协定的框架内付诸实施,使得创立一个正式的国际贸易组织的必要性日益突出.5.分析北美自由贸易区成立的原因.参考答案：促使北美自由贸易区成立的原因主要有三个方面.第一,美、加、墨三国具有实行经济一体化的可能性.三国地理位置紧紧相连,语言文字、价值观念和风俗习惯等都具有相似性.三国的经济互补性加强且依存度很高.第二,是来自欧洲经济一体化的压力.20世纪80年代以来,世界经济一体化成为世界经济的一个突出现象.为了适应激烈的竞争,更多的国家组成新的区域经济一体化组织或者加入到原有的一体化组织当中.欧洲一体化的扩大和深化使美国倍感压力.美国清楚地认识到,统一大市场将使自己面临一系列的难题.单靠自己的力量,不足以应付来自欧共体和其他区域经济体的挑战,建立以美国为首的区域经济一体化组织,以整体力量与其他一体化组织对抗,才可以保持在世界经济中的主导地位.第三,符合北美各成员国发展经济的需要.。
尔雅课程国际商务期末考试答案汇总
《国际商务管理》期末试卷题量：100｜满分：100分｜创建人：刘莹莹｜截止日期：2015-06-30 23:59118' 46''一、单选题（题数：50，共 50分）1建立在工具设施技术上的直接的跨国公司控制机制是：（B）。
A、人员控制B、行政控制C、同化控制D、结果控制2最早主张自由贸易的理论是（C）。
A、重商主义理论B、平衡理论C、绝对优势理论D、国家垄断主义理论3全球最大的100个经济体中，跨国公司占多少个（D）。
A、48B、52C、49D、514下列企业国家化经营战略中，产品对东道国当地市场的需求适应能力较差的是（A）。
A、本国中心战略B、一国中心战略C、全球中心战略D、多国中心战略5不同的民族有着不同的语言、观念文化、行为文化、物质文化等等，这就是（D）。
A、体制差异B、种族差异C、制度差异D、文化差异6下列文化体系中，不属于没有中断过的文化体系的是（C）。
A、印度文化体系B、中国文化体系C、希伯来文化体系D、以罗马、希腊为始的西欧文化体系7汽车行业的战略选择符合下列哪种战略导向？（D）A、文化规则导向B、质量规则导向C、政治规则导向D、经济规则导向8在全球范围内转移核心竞争力的战略属于国际竞争战略的四个类型中的（B）。
A、国际战略B、全球战略C、跨国战略D、多国战略9下列不属于跨国型企业的战略能力的是（B）。
A、全球效率B、宏观调控能力C、当地回应能力D、世界范围的学习能力10计划经济条件下，中国贸易形式属于（C）。
A、自由贸易B、垄断贸易C、统制贸易D、区域贸易11中国跨国企业中，海外资产量最多的是（C）。
A、中石油B、中海油C、中石化D、中化集团12市场导向定价法中预测国外市场价格，是指消费者在观念上所认同的产品价值，即（D ）。
A、实际价值B、统一价格C、实际价格D、感受价值13下列不属于企业进入外国市场的方式的是（D）。
A、出口B、许可经营C、交钥匙项目D、倾销14企业战略管理最早出现在（B）。
国际商务管理试题与标准复习资料
国际商务管理(试题与标准答案)国际商务管理试题及答案第一单元国际商务导论1金砖国家中，最后加入的国家是。
? A、中国B、巴西C、印度D、南非我的答案：D 2跨国公司这一名称产生于。
? A、1964年B、1974年C、1984年D、1994年我的答案：B 3全球排名第三的飞机制造公司是。
? A、加拿大庞巴迪公司B、中国商飞C、美国麦道D、巴西航东工业公司我的答案：D 4跨国公司的战略导向是。
? A、国内市场B、国家形象C、国际市场D、利润最大化我的答案：C 5到2012年，全球手机新增用户的80%以上来自LDC国家。
我的答案：√ 6华为公司目前还不是世界500强公司。
我的答案：×1外国公众对中国商品的评价最低？? A、质量B、价格C、实用D、品牌和环保我的答案：D 2外国公众紧盯中国公司的方面有。
? A、产品质量B、售后服务C、环保和人工权益D、以上都有我的答案：D 3企业国际化经营的根本性原因是。
1 ? A、寻找新的顾客B、寻找低成本资源C、开发海外市场D、打造核心竞争力我的答案：D 4下列企业国家化经营战略中，产品对东道国当地市场的需求适应能力较差的是。
? A、本国中心战略B、一国中心战略C、全球中心战略D、多国中心战略我的答案：A 5在美国，下列哪种贸易形式增长最快？? A、许可证贸易B、特许经营C、分包D、代理我的答案：C 62010年，中国对外直接投资存量实现连续9年增长。
我的答案：×7跨国公司越大发展越好。
我的答案：×1需要较少的新兴市场，但是需要较多的跨国界价值链协调的公司称为。
A、新兴进出口商B、跨国界贸易C、区域集中型公司D、全球型公司我的答案：C 2下列不属于国际企业的市场环境的是。
? A、国际金融市场B、区域经济一体化C、国际经济组织D、政治与法律我的答案：D 3下列文化体系中，不属于没有中断过的文化体系的是。
? A、印度文化体系B、中国文化体系C、希伯来文化体系D、以罗马、希腊为始的西欧文化体系? 我的答案：C 4下列哪个要素中，不属于五力关系模型中竞争关系的构成要素？? A、供应商B、竞争者C、潜在竞争者D、替代品我的答案：A 5世界上最大的多变贸易组织是国际货币基金组织。
国际商务管理2019尔雅答案100分
国际商务导论（一）1（B）是最后加入“金砖国家”称号的国家。
A、中国B、南非C、巴西D、印度2下列哪一选项是跨国公司的战略导向？（D）A、国内市场B、国家形象C、利润最大化D、国际市场3下列哪一个公司为全球排名第三的飞机制造公司？（A）A、巴西航东工业公司B、加拿大庞巴迪公司C、中国商飞D、美国麦道4跨国公司这一称谓是从哪年开始被运用的？（D）A、1984年B、1994年C、1964年D、1974年5截至2012年，LDC国家占据了全球手机90%以上的新增用户份额。
（错误）。
6当前世界500强公司包括华为公司。
（正确）国际商务导论（二）1下列几种贸易形式中，哪种在北美洲的美国增长最快？（A）A、分包B、代理C、许可证贸易D、特许经营2外国公众认为，中国产品的（C）好评度最差。
A、质量B、价格C、品牌和环保D、实用3中国公司的（D）被国外公众紧盯。
A、产品质量B、售后服务C、环保和人工权益D、以上都有4企业之所以要进行国际化经营，其根本原因是要解决（B）的问题。
A、寻找新的顾客B、打造核心竞争力C、寻找低成本资源D、开发海外市场5（D）是产品对东道国当地市场需求适应能力较差的经营战略。
A、一国中心战略B、全球中心战略C、多国中心战略D、本国中心战略6自2008年起，中国对外直接投资存量连续9年保持连续增长势头。
（错误）7对跨国公司来说，公司越大发展就越好。
（错误）国际商务导论（三）1曾经被中断过历史的文化体系是（B）。
A、以罗马、希腊为始的西欧文化体系B、希伯来文化体系C、印度文化体系D、中国文化体系2有一类公司，它需要较多的跨国界价值链协调，但需要较少的新兴市场，这种公司是（B）。
A、新兴进出口商B、区域集中型公司C、全球型公司D、跨国界贸易3下列选项中，五力关系模型中竞争关系的构成要素不包括（D）。
A、竞争者B、潜在竞争者C、替代品D、供应商4下列选项中，国际企业的市场环境是（D）。
A、国际金融市场B、区域经济一体化C、国际经济组织D、以上都对5有些外币不是外汇。
国际商务管理
1、（A 全球地区分部结构）是跨国公司在世界各地设立若干区域分部，每个分部负责该区域范围内的全部经营活动与业务5、从跨国公司的组织创新来看，网络型组织已足部取代层级制的结构。
网络型组织是一种（A 柔性组织），并且常常组织起跨部门的团队组织，增强了应变能力。
42、（B OEM）是跨国公司与当地企业订立供应合同，要求后者按照合同规定的技术要求、质量标准、数量和时间生产苯企业所需要的产品，以跨国公司的品牌进行销售。
10、20世纪90年代，跨国公司之间的战略联盟在信息技术、（A 生物制药）、汽车等高技术产业表现得最为突出7、随着区域经济一体化和经济全球化的发展，跨国公司经营战略不断进行调整，其组织结构也经历了从母子结构——国际部机构——全球分部门结构——（A 网络组织结构）的转变2、佳能公司围绕其核心竞争力实行多元化战略，而且其产品还广泛包括复印机、传真机、照相机、摄像机、分析器、调准器、激光打印den等。
佳能先后在复印机市场、（A 打印机市场）数码相机市场占据世界领先地位。
3、佳能的核心能力主要是（A 图像化计算）。
它是由精密机械、精密光学、微电子、电子成像四个方面的计算开放、制造、营销能力组成的集成体。
19、（B 核心能力）是多因素的混合体，它是技术、治理机制和集体学习的结合4、哈默和普拉哈拉德探讨核心能力是采用比喻的方法，把企业看作一棵果树，企业的（A 最终产品）是果实，最终服务是叶子，结合产品和服务的战略业务单位的树枝，核心产品是树干，它支撑了战略业务单位和最终产品。
而支持核心产品的核心专长，就是树根。
6、当代国际分工的最新趋势是：从过去的产业间分工发展到（A 产业内分工），现在又进一步发展到产品内分工1、当代国际分工的进一步深化和细化，比如产品零部件的分工和产品的（A 工艺流程）分工，世界性产业分工网络日益形成，每一个企业及其生产环节都可能成为国际生产体系的一部分，每个企业都可能成为国际市场网络中的一个节点2、（C 纵向一体化）的分解，首先是对传统价值链进行解构，即把价值链条上的“供”、“产”、“销”的一个个环节拆解下来，从中选择那些本企业具有竞争优势的环节加以保留，然后再把分离出来的环节交给最佳的合作伙伴，与其形成一种战略合作分析3、（B 收购）是指一家公司购买另一家公司的资产或证券的大部分，目的通常的重组其经营，目标可能是目标公司的一个部门（部门收购，母公司出售或回收子公司股权与之脱离关系或让产易股），或者是目标公司全部或大部分有投票权的普通股（合并或部份收购）4、（B 产品生命周期）缩短、研发成本倍增，迫使企业通过战略联盟来共享资源和共担风险。
【Selected】尔雅课程国际商务管理平时课后作业答案2019.docx
1金砖国家中，最后加入的国家是（）。
A、中国B、巴西C、印度D、南非我的答案：D2跨国公司这一名称产生于（）。
A、1964年B、1974年C、1984年D、1994年我的答案：B3全球排名第三的飞机制造公司是（）。
A、加拿大庞巴迪公司B、中国商飞C、美国麦道D、巴西航东工业公司我的答案：D4跨国公司的战略导向是（）。
A、国内市场B、国家形象C、国际市场D、利润最大化我的答案：c5到20XX年，全球手机新增用户的80%以上来自LDC国家。
（）我的答案：√6华为公司目前还不是世界500强公司。
（）我的答案：×1外国公众对中国商品的（）评价最低？A、质量B、价格C、实用D、品牌和环保我的答案：D2外国公众紧盯中国公司的方面有（）A、产品质量B、售后服务C、环保和人工权益D、以上都有我的答案：D3企业国际化经营的根本性原因是（）。
A、寻找新的顾客B、寻找低成本资源C、开发海外市场D、打造核心竞争力我的答案：D4下列企业国家化经营战略中，产品对东道国当地市场的需求适应能力较差的是（）。
A、本国中心战略B、一国中心战略C、全球中心战略D、多国中心战略我的答案：A5在美国，下列哪种贸易形式增长最快？（）A、许可证贸易B、特许经营C、分包D、代理我的答案：C6。
20XX年，中国对外直接投资存量实现连续9年增长。
（）我的答案：√7跨国公司越大发展越好。
（）我的答案：×1需要较少的新兴市场，但是需要较多的跨国界价值链协调的公司称为（）。
•A、新兴进出口商•B、跨国界贸易•C、区域集中型公司•D、全球型公司我的答案：C2下列不属于国际企业的市场环境的是（）。
•A、国际金融市场•B、区域经济一体化•C、国际经济组织•D、政治与法律我的答案：D3下列文化体系中，不属于没有中断过的文化体系的是（）。
•A、印度文化体系•B、中国文化体系•C、希伯来文化体系•D、以罗马、希腊为始的西欧文化体系我的答案：C4下列哪个要素中，不属于五力关系模型中竞争关系的构成要素？（）•A、供应商•B、竞争者•C、潜在竞争者•D、替代品我的答案：A5世界上最大的多变贸易组织是国际货币基金组织。
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国际商务导论(一)1金砖国家中,最后加入的国家就是()。
A、中国B、巴西C、印度D、南非正确答案: D2跨国公司这一名称产生于()。
A、1964年B、1974年C、1984年D、1994年正确答案: B3全球排名第三的飞机制造公司就是()。
A、加拿大庞巴迪公司B、中国商飞C、美国麦道D、巴西航东工业公司正确答案: D4跨国公司的战略导向就是()。
A、国内市场B、国家形象C、国际市场D、利润最大化正确答案: C5到2012年,全球手机新增用户的80%以上来自LDC国家。
() 正确答案:√6华为公司目前还不就是世界500强公司。
()正确答案:×国际商务导论(二)1外国公众对中国商品的()评价最低？A、质量B、价格C、实用D、品牌与环保正确答案: D2外国公众紧盯中国公司的方面有()。
A、产品质量B、售后服务C、环保与人工权益D、以上都有正确答案: D3企业国际化经营的根本性原因就是()。
A、寻找新的顾客B、寻找低成本资源C、开发海外市场D、打造核心竞争力正确答案: D4下列企业国家化经营战略中,产品对东道国当地市场的需求适应能力较差的就是()。
A、本国中心战略B、一国中心战略C、全球中心战略D、多国中心战略正确答案: A5在美国,下列哪种贸易形式增长最快？()A、许可证贸易B、特许经营C、分包D、代理正确答案: C62010年,中国对外直接投资存量实现连续9年增长。
()正确答案:×7跨国公司越大发展越好。
()正确答案:×国际商务导论(三)1需要较少的新兴市场,但就是需要较多的跨国界价值链协调的公司称为()。
A、新兴进出口商B、跨国界贸易C、区域集中型公司D、全球型公司正确答案: C2下列不属于国际企业的市场环境的就是()。
A、国际金融市场B、区域经济一体化C、国际经济组织D、政治与法律正确答案: D3下列文化体系中,不属于没有中断过的文化体系的就是()。
A、印度文化体系B、中国文化体系C、希伯来文化体系D、以罗马、希腊为始的西欧文化体系正确答案: C4下列哪个要素中,不属于五力关系模型中竞争关系的构成要素？()A、供应商B、竞争者C、潜在竞争者D、替代品正确答案: A5世界上最大的多变贸易组织就是国际货币基金组织。
()正确答案:×6当今经济全球化的鲜明特征表现为新市场、新工具、新主角与新规则。
() 正确答案:√7所有的外币都就是外汇。
()正确答案:√国际商务导论(四)1经济全球化的主导力量与主要载体就是()。
A、贸易自由化B、世贸组织C、跨国公司D、世界银行正确答案: C2投资全球化中最重要的就是()。
A、国际间接投资B、有价证券投资C、贵金属投资D、国际直接投资正确答案: D3新经济的内涵就是()。
A、信息化B、全球化C、金融化D、服务化正确答案: A4经济一体化的最高层次就是()。
A、自由贸易区B、经济货币联盟C、经济共同体D、关税联盟正确答案: B5欧盟就是一种经济共同体。
()正确答案:×6生产与资本国际化的根本原因就是跨国公司的迅速发展。
() 正确答案:×7经济全球化就是生产社会化发展的必然趋势。
()正确答案:√国际商务导论(五)1下列不属于铁三角地区的就是:()。
A、北美B、西欧C、北非D、日本正确答案: C2货物生产国与货物消费国通过第三国进行贸易,对第三国而言就是()。
A、过境贸易B、转口贸易C、直接贸易D、多边贸易正确答案: B3进口关税就是一种间接税,其税负最终由( )承担。
A、进口商B、出口商C、消费者D、生产商正确答案: C4出口补贴作为一种鼓励出口的措施就就是在出口某种商品时给予出口商( )优惠待遇。
A、仅在退还进口税上B、仅在财政上C、仅在现金补贴上D、在现金补贴或财政上正确答案: D5属于公开竞买的贸易方式就是()。
A、拍卖B、包销C、招标与投标D、寄售正确答案: C6欧债危机导致欧盟内部经济动荡,甚至对全球经济产生影响。
()正确答案:√7欧元的发行实质就是欧盟成员国主权的一种让渡。
()正确答案:√8人口大国一定就是经济大国。
()正确答案:×国际商务导论(六)1下列不属于展望五国成员国的就是()。
A、越南B、土耳其C、阿根廷D、巴西正确答案: D2技术属于全球化中的()载体。
A、商品B、金融C、技术D、传媒正确答案: C3全球化发展的物质基础就是()。
A、跨国公司的经营成果B、新技术革命提供的成果C、全球性的非管制化与市场化政策D、国际金融市场的深化与创新正确答案: B42006年到2020年,预期将会对全球经济增长贡献最大的国家就是()。
A、美国B、巴西C、中国D、日本正确答案: C5新兴市场国家中同样孕育了巨大的商机。
()正确答案:√6世界各国出口贸易额的总额为对外贸易额。
()正确答案:×7绝对成本论属于保护贸易理论。
()正确答案:×国际商务导论(七)1平板更多尔雅课程免费答案,加扣扣3143421517电视技术最初就是由()国家发明的？A、日本B、韩国C、美国D、德国正确答案: C2全球最大的100个经济体中,跨国公司占多少个()。
A、48B、52C、49D、51正确答案: D3在全球范围内转移核心竞争力的战略属于国际竞争战略的四个类型中的( )。
A、国际战略B、跨国战略C、全球战略D、多国战略正确答案: B4国际企业追求标准化经营的根本目的就是()。
A、经济效益B、巨大市场C、规模效益D、满足需要正确答案: C5在全球贸易中,附加型关税通常会以哪种形式来征收？()A、关税B、所得税C、增值税D、反倾销正确答案: D6在全更多尔雅课程免费答案,加扣扣3143421517球范围内进行资源配置的方式包括()。
A、价值链分解B、全球资源搜寻C、集中地分散D、以上都有正确答案: D7实行对外开放的国家腐败现象更加严重。
()正确答案:×8发达国家中的蓝领与非熟练工人也反对全球化。
()正确答案:√国际商务导论(八)1“公司帝国主义”的终结的标志就是()。
A、第二次工业革命爆发B、新中国成立C、新兴市场的崛起D、拉美民族独立正确答案: C2IBM公司的亚太总部设在()。
A、北京B、首尔C、新加坡D、东京正确答案: D3用来反映跨国公司经营所涉及的东道国的数量的指数就是()。
A、跨国指数B、网络分布指数C、外向程度比率D、外销比例正确答案: B4当前对外直接投资的主要手段就是()。
A、劳务输出B、资本输出C、跨国并购D、技术支持正确答案: C5市场不完全理论又称垄断优势理论,它的核心基于的假设就是:()。
A、厂商具有技术优势B、企业处于不完全的市场条件下C、企业具有全球区位经营观念D、企业具有规模优势正确答案: D6在上海设立总部的跨国公司,其母公司资产总额不低于4亿美元。
() 正确答案:√7海外员工数量对跨国公司的跨国指数没有影响。
()正确答案:×8跨国公司的发展模式与战略在动态中不断发展。
()正确答案:√国际商务导论(九)1传统跨国公司模式包括()。
A、国际公司B、多国公司C、全球公司D、以上都有正确答案: D2下列哪种模式中,子公司具有很强的灵活性,能够适应不同国家的差异()。
A、国际公司B、全球公司C、多国公司D、跨国公司正确答案: C3市场更多尔雅课程免费答案,加扣扣3143421517导向定价法中预测国外市场价格,就是指消费者在观念上所认同的产品价值,即( )。
A、实际价值B、统一价格C、实际价格D、感受价值正确答案: D4世界五百强公司中,绝大多数属于()。
A、全球化跨国公司B、区域二元化跨国公司C、基于东道国区域的跨国公司D、基于母国的跨国公司正确答案: D5企业利益与国家利益息息相关,对企业有利的一定就是对国家有利的。
() 正确答案:√6跨国公司一定就是全球化公司。
()正确答案:×国际商务导论(十)1下列不属于跨国型企业的战略能力的就是()。
A、全球效率B、宏观调控能力C、当地回应能力D、世界范围的学习能力正确答案: B2()就是跨国公司有别于一般企业的最基本的特征。
A、规模大B、实力雄厚C、跨文化与多元文化D、管理水平先进正确答案: C3跨国公司就是()。
A、企业的一种组织形式B、企业的一种活动行为C、企业的一种活动方式D、商品与劳务的进出口正确答案: A4子公司业务的多样化程度就是影响跨国公司对各个子公司管理方式的重要因素。
()正确答案:√5国际商务决策的难度始终处于理性边界之内。
()正确答案:×理解政治、法律与经济(一)1下列关于集权的说法不正确的就是( )。
A、集权模式有利于国际企业全球业务的协调B、集权模式有利于保证公司各项决策与总公司的总体目标相一致C、集权型组织有利于组织变革与调整D、集权型组织不利于减少重复工作正确答案: D2下列不属于政治制度类型的就是()。
A、民主共与制B、神权集权制C、立宪制D、部落集权制正确答案: C3国际商务组织结构的主要类型有( )。
A、出口部B、国际部C、区域部与全球组织D、以上都就是正确答案: D4在全球范围内转移核心竞争力的战略属于国际竞争战略的四个类型中的( )。
A、国际战略B、全球战略C、跨国战略D、多国战略正确答案: C5制度不就是一成不变的,也会发生转型。
()正确答案:√6社区持股就是降低跨国公司遭遇政治风险的手段之一。
()正确答案:√7全球性职能结构又称为矩阵结构。
()正确答案:×理解政治、法律与经济(二)1大陆法系起源于()。
A、古希伯来法B、希腊法C、罗马法D、拿破仑法典正确答案: C2根据以往的判例与先例来判决,就是下列()法系的特点？A、大陆法系B、宗教法C、欧美法D、普通法正确答案: D3犹太法属于下列()法系。
A、亚太法B、大陆法C、宗教法D、普通法正确答案: C4一国法律体系最根本的经济功能就是:()。
A、维护稳定B、宏观调控C、稳定币值D、保护产权正确答案: D5经互会解体就是在()。
A、1989年B、1990年C、1991年D、1997年正确答案: C6三大法律体系中,大陆法的条文规定的最为细致,严谨。
() 正确答案:√7目前,中国法律采用的就是普通法。
()正确答案:×理解政治、法律与经济(三)1德国属于下列哪种市场经济体制类型？()A、传统市场经济体制B、有计划指导的市场经济C、社会市场经济D、福利市场经济正确答案: C2法国的经济体制类型属于()。
A、完全市场经济B、完全政府主导C、倾向于市场主导D、倾向于政府调控正确答案: D3下列不属于企业战略的定量标准就是( )。
A、销售总额B、利润水平C、投资回报率D、战略风险评估正确答案: D4国际经营者最关心的就是( )就是否明确,合理且长期保持不变。