大学思辨英语教程说明文写作2第三单元课后答案
大学英语第二册 Unit3练习参考答案和译文
10. Because the Thompson has just moved.
11. He tried to let her know how exceptionally talented a young woman Heidi was.
12. Because she couldn’t bear being embarrassed by her father.
人物：父亲；母亲；海蒂，14岁；黛安，17岁；肖恩，16岁；饭店经’理，20多岁：希金斯
场景；快餐店，汤普森家餐厅，一所中学的办公室等
幕启；随着灯光亮起，海蒂上，走至舞台右前方。肖恩与黛安上，走至舞台左前方。海蒂对观众说话，两人倾听。
海蒂：我老爸是个大好人。没人会相信他不好。可是他……唉，他老是干那些蠢事，弄得我们当儿女的到头来无地自容。瞧，我哥曾一度想买把吉他。他都积攒了好一阵子钱了。后来他在这家快餐店找了份活，不错吧?当服务员。这是?肖恩第一次正经打工，他真的挺开心。他算计着，再过两三个月，他就能攒够钱买他想要的那把吉他了。老爸老妈都为他感到骄傲。晤，是啊，他是大哥，老是要捉弄我。不过嘛，我也同样为他感到骄傲。你猜后来怎么了?我都不想说这事，因为：
3) Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.
4) A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.
5) Sean felt humiliated to hear his talent being questioned.
《大学思辨英语教程写作1》练习答案-unit 3 growth and maturity (2)
大学思辨英语教程写作1练习答案 - Unit 3 Growth and Maturity一、词汇学习1. Command - Verb: to give an authoritative order. - Noun: an authoritative order.2. Accumulate - Verb: to gather or collect.3. Inevitable - Adjective: certain to happen; unavoidable.4. Rites - Noun: a religious or other solemn ceremony or act;a way of behaving or doing something that is customary.5. Entail - Verb: involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence.二、短文改写原文： Growth and maturity entail several stages and experiences that shape who we become. It is inevitable that we encounter challenges and difficulties along the way. However, it is through overcoming these obstacles that we gain maturity and wisdom.改写： Becoming mature and growing up involve a series of stages and experiences that influence our personal development. It is unavoidable that we face various challengesand hardships throughout this process. Nevertheless, it is by successfully conquering these obstacles that we acquire wisdom and maturity.三、完形填空原文： Ad vertisements in today’s society often try to 1 the idea that people can purchase happiness. They try to 2 us that buying certain products will make us happier and more fulfilled. While it is true that having some material possessions can bring us temporary joy, true happiness and fulfillment come from 3 sources.Money is a 4 tool that can be used for good or for evil. It can provide us with security and opportunities, but it can also make us 5 and lead to dissatisfaction if we become too focused on accumulating wealth. We must remember that there are certain things that money cannot 6. It cannot buy love, friendship, or personal growth, which are all essential for true happiness.In order to truly be happy and fulfilled, we must 7 on developing meaningful relationships, pursuing our passions, and 8 to become the best version of ourselves. This requires self-reflection and self-improvement. 9 happiness comes from within and is not dependent on external factors such as possessions or wealth. It comes from living a life aligned with our values and finding fulfillment in the things that truly matter to us.It is 10 to sometimes be tempted by the notion that possessions can bring us happiness. However, it is important toremember that true happiness is not something that can be bought; it is something that comes from within.完形填空： 1. A. persuade 2. B. convince 3. D. inner 4. C. neutral 5. A. greedy 6. D. acquire 7. B. focus 8. A. striving 9. C. True 10. B. natural四、阅读理解1.原文： A 2016 study found that the average person spends nearly six hours a day on their phone. For many of us, our phone has become an extension of ourselves and a constant source of entertainment and distraction. However, what are the effects of this constant screen time on our mental health?One study conducted by researchers from the University of Pittsburgh found a correlation between increased social media use and feelings of depression and loneliness. The study followed over 1,700 adults and found that those who spent more time on social media platforms were more likely to report feelings of isolation and dissatisfaction with their lives.Another study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior found that excessive smartphone use can lead to symptoms of addiction. Researchers surveyed over 300 college students and found that those who reported higher levels of dependence on their smartphones were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness.While smartphones and social media can provide us with a sense of connection and entertainment, it is important to bemindful of our usage. Excessive screen time can have negative effects on our mental health and well-being. It is essential to find a balance and engage in activities that promote our mental and emotional well-being.改写： According to a study conducted in 2016, the average person spends nearly six hours a day on their mobile phones. For many individuals, their phone has become an integral part of their lives, providing constant entertainment and distraction. However, what impact does this excessive screen time have on our mental health?Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh conducted a study that found a correlation between increased use of social media and feelings of loneliness and depression. The study, which involved over 1,700 adults, discovered that those who spent more time on social media platforms were more likely to feel isolated and dissatisfied with their lives.Another study published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior revealed that excessive use of smartphones can lead to symptoms of addiction. The study surveyed more than 300 college students and found that those who reported higher levels of smartphone dependency were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness.While smartphones and social media can offer a sense of connectivity and entertainment, it is crucial to be mindful of our usage. Spending excessive time on screens can have adverse effects on our mental health and overall well-being. Striking a balance and engaging in activities that promote our mental and emotional well-being is essential.2.原文： Growth and maturity involve taking responsibility for our actions and choices. As we grow older, we gain the autonomy to make decisions that shape our lives. This freedom comes with the need to take ownership of our actions and accept the consequences that result from them.Taking responsibility requires recognizing our role in the outcomes of our choices. It means acknowledging that the decisions we make have an impact on ourselves and those around us. By taking responsibility, we demonstrate our maturity and willingness to learn from our mistakes and grow as individuals.However, taking responsibility does not mean that we are entirely to blame for every negative outcome. It means understanding that we have the power to control how we respond to situations and make choices that align with our values and goals. It also means acknowledging that we have the ability to change and improve ourselves, even in challenging circumstances.Taking responsibility is a sign of personal growth and maturity. It allows us to demonstrate integrity, accountability, and resilience. By embracing responsibility, we develop a sense of ownership over our lives and take an active role in shaping our future.改写： Developing and maturing involves assuming responsibility for our actions and decisions. As we age, we obtain the independence to make choices that impact our lives. With this freedom comes the necessity to acknowledge the consequences that arise from our actions and accept them.Assuming responsibility entails understanding our involvement in the outcomes resulting from our decisions. It means recognizing that the choices we make have an influence on ourselves and those around us. By shouldering responsibility, we exhibit our maturity and willingness to learn from our errors and evolve as individuals.However, accepting responsibility does not imply that we bear full blame for every negative consequence. It means comprehending that we possess the power to control our responses to situations and make choices that are in line with our values and aspirations. It also means acknowledging our ability to adapt and better ourselves, even in the face of challenging circumstances.Taking responsibility signifies personal growth and maturity. It enables us to demonstrate integrity, accountability, and resilience. By embracing responsibility, we foster a sense of ownership over our lives and actively shape our own future.五、写作题目： Write an essay discussing the importance of personal growth and maturity in academic and professional settings.写作： In both academic and professional settings, personal growth and maturity play an indispensable role in our success and development. They not only shape our character but also determine our ability to handle challenges and make wise decisions.First and foremost, personal growth and maturity are fundamental for academic excellence. As students, we are constantly faced with the need to acquire new knowledge and skills. It is through personal growth that we can develop a thirst for learning, curiosity, and an open mind. By cultivating these qualities, we become more receptive to new ideas and perspectives, enhancing our ability to grasp complex concepts and apply them in academic endeavors.Furthermore, personal growth and maturity enable us to take responsibility for our academic progress. They teach us to prioritize our commitments, manage our time effectively, and persevere through obstacles. As we grow and mature, we recognize that success is not solely determined by intelligence but also by discipline and hard work. This self-discipline and work ethic become the driving forces behind our academic achievements.In addition to academic pursuits, personal growth and maturity are equally critical in professional settings. As professionals, we must navigate complex work environments, collaborate with diverse individuals, and handle challenging situations. Personal growth equips us with the necessary emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills to thrive in such environments.Moreover, personal growth encourages us to strive for continuous improvement in our professional lives. By being self-aware and open to feedback, we can identify areas for growth and actively seek opportunities for development. This may involve attending workshops, exploring new roles or responsibilities, or seeking guidance from mentors. Ultimately, personal growth and maturity enable us to adapt to evolving job demands and contribute meaningfully to our organizations.In conclusion, personal growth and maturity are essential components of success in academic and professional settings. They not only enhance our ability to acquire knowledge and overcome challenges, but also equip us with the skills necessary to excel in our chosen fields. By investing in our personal growth and embracing maturity, we position ourselves for an enriching and fulfilling academic and professional journey.。
大学思辨英语教程2unit3答案
大学思辨英语教程2unit3答案1、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] *A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have2、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither3、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on4、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants5、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)6、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve7、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or8、95--Where and when _______ you _______ it? [单选题] *A. did; buy(正确答案)B. do; buyC. have; boughtD. will; buy9、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)10、36．This kind of bread is terrible. I don't want to eat it ______. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer11、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as12、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown13、Its’time to go to bed. _______ your computer, please. [单选题] *A. Turn onB. Turn inC. Turn off(正确答案)D. Turn down14、The beautiful sweater _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took15、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new16、We ______ boating last weekend.（）[单选题] *A. goB. went(正确答案)C. are goingD. will go17、Tony can _______ the guitar.Now he _______ the guitar. [单选题] *A. play; plays(正确答案)B. playing; playingC. plays; is playingD. play; is playing18、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How19、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for20、Don’t forget _______ those books when you are free. [单选题] *A. to read(正确答案)B. readingC. readD. to reading21、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself22、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)23、—Why do you look so ______?—Our team won the basketball match!（）[单选题] *A. angryB. excited(正确答案)C. nervousD. unfair24、The children are playing wildly and making a lot of?_______. [单选题] *A. cryB. voicesC. noises(正确答案)D. music25、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] *A. will youB. can weC. may ID. shall we(正确答案)26、17．Joe is a good student and he is busy ______ his studies every day. [单选题] * A．inB．with(正确答案)C．byD．for27、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in28、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to29、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a30、100．The bus can ______ you to the Great Wall. [单选题] *A．leaveB．take(正确答案)C．changeD．spend。
大学思辨教程写作2说明文写作unit1答案
大学思辨教程写作2说明文写作unit1答案Unit1 Explanation Writing:1. What is the relationship between language and thought?Answer: Language and thought are closely intertwined. Language shapes our thinking by providing structure to it, while thought influences the way language is used. We use language to express our thoughts and feelings, and in doing so, our thoughts are shaped by the language we choose.2. How does the development of language affect our thinking?3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using language?5. How does culture influence language use?Answer: Culture plays an important role in the way we use language. Different cultures have different conventions for language use, such as grammar, syntax and pronunciation. Additionally, certain words and phrases may mean different things in different cultures, and this can lead to misunderstandings between people from different backgrounds.6. In what ways can language reveal the culture of a certain group or society?Answer: Language can reveal a lot about the culture of a certain group or society. A language can reflect a culture’svalues, beliefs and attitudes, as well as its history and traditions. Additionally, certain dialects of a language can be used to identify a group or region, indicating the cultural heritage of the people who use it.7. What is the power of language?9. What are the effects of incorrect language use?。
大学英语思辨教程3unit3参考答案
大学英语思辨教程3unit3参考答案大学英语思辨教程3 Unit 3 参考答案阅读理解部分阅读理解11. 问题：文章主要讨论了什么主题？答案：文章主要讨论了全球化对教育的影响。
2. 问题：作者认为全球化如何影响教育？答案：作者认为全球化促进了教育资源的共享，但同时也带来了文化同质化的风险。
3. 问题：文章中提到的“教育的本土化”是什么意思？答案：“教育的本土化”指的是在全球化背景下，教育应注重保持和发扬本土文化特色。
4. 问题：作者对全球化持怎样的态度？答案：作者对全球化持审慎乐观的态度，认为应积极利用全球化带来的机遇，同时警惕其潜在的负面影响。
5. 问题：文章最后提出了哪些建议？答案：文章最后建议教育者应培养学生的全球视野，同时加强本土文化的教育。
阅读理解21. 问题：文章讨论了什么现象？答案：文章讨论了社交媒体对人际关系的影响。
2. 问题：作者认为社交媒体如何改变了人们的交流方式？答案：作者认为社交媒体使人们的交流更加便捷，但同时也可能导致面对面交流的减少和人际关系的表面化。
3. 问题：文章提到了哪些社交媒体的负面影响？答案：文章提到了社交媒体可能导致隐私泄露、网络暴力和信息过载等负面影响。
4. 问题：作者对社交媒体持怎样的态度？答案：作者对社交媒体持批判性的态度，认为人们应该意识到其潜在的危害，并合理使用。
5. 问题：文章提出了哪些应对社交媒体负面影响的建议？答案：文章建议人们应该限制社交媒体的使用时间，提高信息筛选能力，并加强现实生活中的人际交往。
词汇与语法部分词汇练习11. 问题：根据上下文，选择正确的词汇填空。
答案：- The company is undergoing a transformation to adapt to the new market conditions.- She has a passion for art that is evident in her work. - The innovations in technology have revolutionized the way we live.语法练习11. 问题：选择正确的语法结构完成句子。
大学英语写作课程unit 3 语法和练习答案
PART III GRAMMARp-ing and -ed forms of verbsReference for the Classroom Activities1）That woman who is laughing is my mother.2）Finally they found the treasure that had been hidden.3）This is the place that is most frequently reported in the press.4）The boy who was enchanted stared at the screen, mouth wide open.Now, ask students to summarize the use of the -ing and -ed forms as modifiersSummary1.The –ing form of a verb is used when the action described by the verb continues to happen or when therelationship between the modified and the verb is active.2.The –ed form of a verb is used when the action is completed at the time another action occurs or when therelationship between the modified and the verb is passive.NounsReference for the Classroom Activities1）.development of career educators2）. readjustment of the flight timetable3）. money problems of high-school art education4）. country for family vacation5）. the study of the growth of childhood personalityNow, ask students to summarize the rules of using nouns as modifiers.SummaryNouns can be put ahead of another noun as its modifiers in English; but too many nouns clustered can cause ambiguity and misunderstanding. Very often the maximum of nouns as modifiers is two, though sometimes this number may be exceeded. So the guiding principle for noun modifiers is that they shouldn’t pose too much difficulty to the reader’s comprehension.AdverbsReference for the Classroom Activities1）drive breezily (modifying the verb)2）strangely beautiful(modifying the adjective)3）too slowly(modifying the adverb)4）Firstly,1et’s listen to Dr．Smith’s report on his latest research．(modifying the whole sentence)Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using adverbs as modifiersSummaryAn adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence. It usually appears after the verb it modifies but before the adjective or the adverb. If it modifies the whole sentence, it can appear either at the beginning or at the end.Problems with modifiersReference for the Classroom Activities1．The problem with these phrases is the redundancy of modifiers．The modifiers are useless for they do nothing but repeat what the following nouns say．Useless modifiers can make your writing repetitious and wordy．2．a. The notice said nothing else．b. People other than visitors were not invited to see the exhibits．c. The visitors were invited to do nothing but see the exhibits on the third floor．D. There might be exhibits on other floors but the visitors were invited to see those the third floor. Now．ask students to summarize the problems with modifiers.Summary1.One problem is about useless modifiers. A useless modifier adds nothing to the meaning of the modifiedbut redundancy.2.Another problem is concerned with misplaced modifiers. Clear writing demands that modifiers be put asclose as possible to the word or phrase being modified.PART IV WRITINGNotices (I)This section mainly discusses short, informal notices, which are normally written in the form of notes. Above all, a notice should provide key information to the reader.Suggested answer to the questionThe notices are concise, including only the essential information. They are all written in the form of notes. Ask students to summarize what they have learned in this unitPART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.1）. When I was assigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability2）. Fog can cause blindness.3). Recently 1 joined a social club which raises money for the care of needy children, and we meet everyWednesday afternoon.4). An essay should be understandable to the reader.5). Many items are expensive at discount stores.6). Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous7). The author should have shortened the story by half.8). The city's environmental surroundings are not the most comfortable9). I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. 1). simmer: cook food gently at or just below boiling pointsauté: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using direct heat in an oven2). Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, deep-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill,stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. 1). For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.2). Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.3). He is not a friendly and easy-going colleague.4). Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid / breathtaking.5). It was a fine day to play outdoors.6). What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and bustle in the streets4.. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind, leap, flee, etc5. 1). I admire Jenny's long black glossy hair so much.2). The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.3). Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.4). John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes5). The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. 1). I invited the visiting professor to the English Club.2). Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.3). The deleted sentence was unnecessary.4). Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.5). The students attending the art school are highly active.6). The taped dollar bill split in half.7). Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 108). The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7, 1). indescribably 2). Dark 3). occasional 4). steadily5). surely, bad 6). terribly8. 1). At his mother's request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.2). Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.3). John hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his father has been.4). The winner of the contest ate almost three dozen frankfurters.5). Debbie knew that chicken when fried always pleased Ed.6). Mary could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend's ear about what she had seen.9. In organizing the activity, the teacher can ask students to discuss what they want to put in the notices first, and then to design the layout. The notices should be simple in language, clear in meaning and eye-catching.。
大学思辨英语教程说明文写作Old Age andWisdomU3答案
大学思辨英语教程说明文写作Old Age andWisdomU3答案1、- I haven't been to Guilin yet.- I haven t been there, ______. [单选题] *A. tooB. alsoC. either(正确答案)D. neither2、Where have you _______ these days? [单选题] *A. been(正确答案)B. beC. isD. are3、I tell my mother not ______ me.（）[单选题] *A. worry aboutB. to worry about(正确答案)C. worry withD. to worry with4、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple5、40．—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A．How longB．How oftenC．How muchD．How many(正确答案)6、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his7、Tom will _______ me a gift from Japan. [单选题] *A. takeB. getC. carryD. bring(正确答案)8、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine9、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned10、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or11、We moved to the front row_____we could hear and see better. [单选题] *A. so asB. so that(正确答案)C. becauseD. such that12、A survey of the opinions of students（）that they admit several hours of sitting in front of the computer harmful to health. [单选题] *A. show；areB. shows ；is(正确答案)C.show；isD.shows ；are13、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)14、John had planned to leave but he decided to stay in the hotel for _____ two days because of the heavy rain. [单选题] *A. otherB. another(正确答案)C. the otherD. others15、He usually ________ at 6:30 a.m. [单选题] *A. gets toB. gets up(正确答案)C. gets overD. gets in16、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither17、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)18、Bliss, who worked in an information centre, began to work on the book in 1 [单选题] *A. 策划B. 上班C. 写作(正确答案)D. 销售19、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan20、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an21、This is not our house. lt belongs to _____. [单选题] *A. the Turners'B. the Turners(正确答案)C. Turner'sD. Turners22、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like23、Jim will _______ New York at 12 o’clock. [单选题] *A. get onB. get outC. get offD. get to(正确答案)24、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully25、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *A. get offB. get upC. get to(正确答案)D. get on26、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] *A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through27、I always make my daughter ______ her own room.（）[单选题] *A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleansD. clean(正确答案)28、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her29、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a30、While they were in discussion, their manager came in by chance. [单选题] *A. 抓住时机B. 不时地C. 碰巧(正确答案)D. 及时。
大学思辨英语教程精读3 U2答案
Unit 2Sociological InvestigationUnit OverviewThe goal of this unit is to introduce the methods employed by sociologists in their study of social life. This is not a unit on statistics nor does it detail specific methods in sociological investigation. The primary aim is to illustrate how sociologists go beyond common sense understandings in trying to explain or understand social phenomena. It provides both an overview of the major research methods in sociological investigation and an example emphasizing the importance of scientific method.Text AIn this concise summary of research methods in sociological investigation, Dennis M. Rome introduces the concept of scientific method, its differences from commonsense methods (through authority, tradition, religion, mysticism and personal experience) of learning about “facts” or “truth”, as well as the major “scientific” methods in sociological investigation (experiment, survey, field research, and existing data analysis). The advantages and limits of each method are also discussed.Text BEarl Babbie’s article serves as an example to illustrate the importance of (scientific) social research, which reveals the true degree and spread of poverty in the United States over a period of time against stereotyped assumptions about poverty and its causes. Scientific investigation and its valid result provide the rationale for the government to continue or adjust its policies on social poverty. The essay demonstrates the importance of probing into the true causes of a social problem or phenomenon in a more scientific or objective way to avoid hasty generalization and ineffective solutions.The two texts both discuss the importance of scientific methods in sociological investigation; the former offers an overview on the four main methods while the latter provides a case study of the importance of scientific method in researching on social phenomenon (poverty and its causes in the United States).Teaching objectivesThis unit is designed to help students develop their reading skills, communicative competence, critical thinking, intercultural reflection and abilities in autonomous learning in the following aspects.Reading skills:Identify the structure of the textUse the subtitles to facilitate readingIdentify supporting detailsCommunicative competence:Illustrate your points with evidence such as an example or statisticsAdopt and argue for a perspective in a pro-con debatePresent a written/oral report professionallyCritical thinking:Analyze and improve a research designCritique opinions with pro and con examplesExamine an issue from different/contradicting perspectivesIntercultural competence:Discover cultural differences in university educationUnderstand different views on homosexualityExplore the poverty issue in different countriesTeaching strategiesText A is an overall introduction to the main research methods in sociological investigation, it also introduces the key concept of scientific methods, therefore it is the key text for students to familiarize with. The teacher can start with a short discussion on the differences between commonsense methods and scientific (sociological) methods in acquiring knowledge or truth before exploring the features (including advantages and limits) of each major research method in sociological investigation.Text B can serve as further exploration of research methods in sociology. The teacher can help advanced students design an investigation plan on a specific issue in society (e.g. people’s attitudes to homosexuality and the concept of “poverty” in different context) to cultivate their capability in social research.Further reading:Weber, Max. 1946. Science As Vocation. Gerth, H. H. and Mills, C. Wright, Editors and Translators. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press; pp.129-156Babbie, Earl, The Practice of Social Research, 10th edition, Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Inc.Hooley, Tristram John Marriott and Jane Wellens, What is Online Research? Usingthe Internet for Social Science Research (Bloomsbury Academic, 2012)Text APreparatory Work(1)Experiment: variable, hypothesis, stimulus, control groupSurvey Research: sampling, questionnaire, interview, close-ended questions, open-ended questions, code sheet, telephone surveyField Research: observation, participantAnalysis of Existing Data: content analysis, statistics(2)Hawthorne effect: The Hawthorne effect (also referred to as the observer effect) is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify or improve an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. The original research at the Hawthorne Works in Cicero, Illinois, on lighting changes and work structure changes such as working hours and break times were originally interpreted by Elton Mayo and others to mean that paying attention to overall worker needs would improve productivity. This interpretation was dubbed “the Hawthorne effect”.(3) (open)Teaching SuggestionYou can use the data banks of the two international organizations to check out the world or any particular country’s information in terms of GDP, population, territory area, human development index etc.The United Nations (/en/) : data page: /The World Bank (/) : /You can also use the website of the Statistical Bureau of China to check out any statistical information about China:/Critical ReadingI. Understanding the text1.Thesis: How Sociology Is Done (Research methods/techniques employed in sociology)Part Para(s). Main ideaI Introduction 1 Sociology as a science and its mainresearch methodsII How do you know what you know? 2-9Authority, tradition, religion, personalexperience, and mysticism V.S. scientificmethodsIII The experiment 10-14 It is a research technique in which theresearcher manipulates a stimulus to testtheories of cause and effect.IV Survey research 15-22 It is used and designed to study samplesin order to measure attitudes, beliefs,values, personality traits, and behavior ofparticipants.V Field research 23-29 It is mostly resembles our daily casualobservations of and participation in socialbehavior, as well as our attempt tounderstand such behavior.VI Analysis of existing data 30-36 It’s a method in which sociologistsanalyze data originally collected byothersVII Conclusion 37 Thesis repeated: Sociology is a sciencebecause it uses scientific researchmethods2.(1)“common sense”:Common sense is a basic ability to perceive, understand, andjudge things, which is shared by (“common to”) nearly all people and can reasonably be expected of nearly all people without any need for debate. However, many of the common sense beliefs are actually lacking in support from scientific evidences and therefore biased and prejudiced.(2)Ordinary people often define their reality and what they know throughauthoritative opinions, traditional beliefs, personal experience, and mysticism (superstition). The major differences between this kind of “common sense” view knowledge and the results/facts identified through scientific methods are: the former are not based on logical reasoning and hard evidences and therefore tend to be subjective and biased while the latter are just opposite.(3)The three major components of the scientific method are theory,operationalization, and observation. Theory provides the foundation for concepts so that statements about the relationship among variables can be created.Operationalization allows for the measurement of the variables so that they may be empirically examined. And observation involves the actual collection of data to test the hypothesis.(4)Types of Social Phenomena Content1. Meanings and symbols Aspects of culture such as norms, worldviews, andlanguage2. Practice Various kinds of behavior such as voting behaviors ormorning rituals (for example, washing one’s face andreading the daily newspaper)3. Episodes A variety of events, including divorce, crime, illness,and how people may react during time of disasters,such as earthquakes, floods, or the banning of musictelevision video (MTV)4. Encounters Two or more people meeting and interacting inimmediate proximity with one another. A goodexample of this is people riding in an elevator5. Roles The positions people occupy and the behaviorassociated with those positions: occupations, familyroles, ethnic groups6. Relationships The kinds of behavior shown in pairs or sets of roles:mother-daughter relationships, friendships, and so on. 7. Groups Small groups, such as gangs, athletic teams, and workgroups. 8. OrganizationsFormal organizations, such as corporations or universities 9. Settlements Smaller-scale “societies” such as villages, ghettos,and neighborhoods (5)Method & brief descriptionAdvantages DisadvantagesThe experiment is aresearch technique in which the researcher manipulates a stimulus—the independent variable—to test theoriesof cause and effect Excellent devices for testing hypotheses about cause and effect (can be repeated and can be quick in identifying results)● Could expose subjects to the possibility of harm● Subjects often behavedifferently under scientific observation ● Laboratoryexperiments are oftenhighly artificialSurvey research is used and designed to study samples in order to measure attitudes, beliefs, values, personality traits, and behavior of participants. Can study samples, limited numbers of people representing an entire group of people who share similar characteristics Can be designed to measure attitudes, beliefs,values, personality traits, and behavior of participants It is not the best strategy for studying deviant or undesirable behaviors or for getting at ideas and feelings that cannot easilybe reduced toquestionnaire form.It is designed to studyindividuals rather thansocial contexts.Field research is mostly resembles our daily casual observations of and participation in socialbehavior, as well as our attempt to understand such behavior. May investigate various types of social phenomena Can reveal things that would not otherwise be apparentThe presence of an observing, thinking researcher on the scene ofthe action (acute observation) Cannot be repeated and applied to similar situationsThe researchers asparticipants rely on personal perception and judgement, thus might bebiasedMight suffer from theHawthorne effectAnalysis of existing data is a method in which sociologists analyze dataWide range of all kinds of data The accuracy of much existing data may beoriginally collected by others. It includes contentanalysis, the analysis of existing statistics, andhistorical-comparativeanalysis.Saving time Saving moneydifficult to assess. The potential for error and distortion means that “what you see may not be what you get.”II. Evaluation and exploration(1) An authority is a specialist in certain field of knowledge therefore an authority, specialized knowledge from an authority is closer to “truth”, but he is not a knowing-all figure, and he might also be biased in his attitude toward some issues.A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. They are followed by and considered right by certain group of people, but cannot applied to other groups who have their own tradition; and since they are formed and passed down from the past, they might not be applicable to the present world. Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life, the Universe, and other things. Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs. However, religious beliefs mostly lack in empirical or scientific proof. Personal experience is based on one’s real life and reality and therefore closer to “reality”, but it is based on an individual’s encounter and perspective on reality, and cannot totally represent the common experience shared by a group of people. Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in ultimate or hidden truths, and to human transformation supported by various practices and experiences. But it is based on religion or superstition, even farther away from being objective and scientific.(2) Since sociologists base their research and conclusion on empirical study with scientific method, it is similar to the disciplines of natural science, but there are two factors that differentiate it from natural sciences. The object of study is human being who can be very complicated and change with time. Also the sociologists are also human beings who can be subjective or even biased in their study. In this sense, sociology is still not equal to natural science in objectivity.(3) The hypothesis of the Stanford prison experiment is that change of roles or environment causes change of human behavior (effect ). The independent variable is the two roles （prisoner and prison guard ） assigned to the 24 students who are all randomly selected (sampling ) from among the university students, and the dependent variable is their (change of) behavior.(4) First, experiments are often not possible because they would expose subjects to the possibility of harm. For example, what if a researcher wanted to know whether people who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their children? Second, the subjects often behave differently when they are under scientificobservation from the way they would in their normal environment. Third, laboratory experiments are often highly artificial. When researchers try to set up social situations in laboratories, they often must omit many of the factors that would influence the same behavior in a real-life situation, thus affecting the validity of the experiment result.(5)The merits of survey through the Internet are that it’s very quick (in terms of time)and efficient (in terms of cost), but the drawbacks are also obvious: not all citizens use the Internet (and therefore excluded from the sampling), and also not all netizens participate in the survey and therefore further affect the survey result. (6)The term often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics, user behavioranalytics, or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data, and seldom to a particular size of data set. Accuracy in big data may lead to more confident decision making, and better decisions can result in greater operational efficiency, cost reduction and reduced risk. Relational database management systems and desktop statistics and visualization packages often have difficulty handling big data. The work instead requires “massively parallel software running on tens, hundreds, or even thousands of servers”. Also, those who do not use the Internet are excluded from the analysis therefore affect the analysis and conclusion.(7)(This question is open for discussion and there’s no definite answer) The Internetcompanies are caught between the two sides: the government side who emphasize gathering monitoring information for public security or national security reason, and the netizens who defend their right of “privacy”. Laws should be made regarding the right and responsibility of each side.(8)(This question is open for discussion) How one feels about these statistical figuresmight be affected by the class, occupation, gender, region and age group (and other factors) an individual belongs to. And also, the official statistics might not be very accurate.(9)(This question is open for discussion) Obviously, mass media (newspapers, radio,TV, the Internet) are the major channel people get most of their information which is supposed to be true and real. But there are some factors that influence the so-called truth: ownership (private or public), editors’ stance, class background of the participants (in the Internet) can all influence the information we get from the mass media.Language EnhancementI. Words and phrases1.(1) C&D (2) A&C (3) C&E (4) B&C (5) B&D(6) D&F (7) B&D (8) C&E (9) A&C (10) C&E2.(1) in; as; of (2) beyond; in (3) by; to (4) into; in; of (5) to; on; of; for(6) of; for; on (7) In; between; with; of (8) to; of; upon (9) In; with (10) like; in; of 3.(1) from scratch (2) appealed to (3) applied (4) apply (5) relies on(6) suffering from (7) guard against (8) died off (9) ran out of (10) contribute to4.(1) provide…for (2) appeals for (3) applies…to (4) draw from (5) employed in (6) participate in (7) refers…to(8) received…from (9) passes…from (10) exposes…to II. Sentences and discourse1.(1) The scientific method bases knowledge on direct and systematic observation through logical systems.(2) Operationalization provides conditions to measure the variables which may be checked empirically.(3) Since religion is a system of beliefs and practices based on worshipping the holy, people easily tend to equate faith to facts or facts to faith.(4) The obvious advantage of using available data, be it government statistics or the result of other research studies – is the savings in time and money. Otherwise, you would need a lot of time and money spent on collecting the information from the very start.(5) The savings are tempting, but the potential error and distortion from the second-hand data mean that you might not get the “truth”.2.(1)Basing on his overall investigation of China’s current employment situation, thisspecialist refuted the view that the population profit has been used up.(2)Thanks to the application of valid and objective survey methods, sociologybecame an independent branch of social sciences in the 19th century, transcending philosophy and ordinary social theories.(3)The head of the Academy of Social Sciences asserted that the cut in researchfunding would have a great impact on its long-term stable development.(4)Due to its limited survey range and invalid unscientific sampling, the poll result ofthis organization has seriously distorted the reality.(5)The cause of the phenomenon that officials abuse their power is lack of check andbalance.(6)He suspects that his rival is bluffing in the negotiation.(7)In conducting social investigation, the researcher may easily use indication tomanipulate the respondents to get the desired answer.(8)Through the major internet media, this company has clarified its stance to stay anddevelop its business in China.(9)Faced with continual questions from the reporters at the press conference, thespokesman had to refer to the documents in his hand for answers.(10)I t is believed by some people that the lazy and irresponsible post 80s and 90sgeneration was largely associated with the fact that they were mostly the only kid in the family.3.内容分析法可以应用于任何形式的通信交流，是对社会物件的系统分析，其内容包括书籍、杂志、诗歌、报纸、歌曲、绘画、讲演、信函、法律以及与此有关的任何成分或收集物。
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大学思辨英语教程说明文写作2第三单元课后答案Activity 5Read Text A and Text Band find more examples of concrete language and figurative language.Then discuss their functions with your partner.Activity 6The following sentences are developed from the sentence Sheila replied,“ldon'tknow where he is."With different concrete details,Sheila becomes different kindsof person.Discuss with your partner your understanding of what kind of personSheila is in each context.1)Sheila rolled her eyes and sighed loudly, then threw up her hands inexasperation and replied curtly,“l don't know where he is.”Sheila was quick-tempered.2)Staring blankly out of the window, Sheila exhaled softly, closed her eyes for a moment and r eplied,"l don't know where he is.”Sheila was gentle.3) Sheila stared at her mother, teary- eyed,shuddering with fear, and sobbingly replied,“I don't know where he is.”Sheila was timid /fearful.4)Sheila continued to pass the items over the scanner, staring down at the counter, and without even looking at the customer, replied indifferently,“I don't know where he is.”Sheila was impolite.Activities 7-8Suggestions for instructors:These two activities would help students to practice the characterization skills as well as characterization through concreteand/or figurative language.We suggest that the teacher could ask students to work on the two activities themselves first. lf in class, the teacher could ask students to select one task from each activity and work in pair about 10 minutes. Then the teacher could ask students to share their work and arrange the whole class to appreciate their writing More examples for Activity8The old woman looked old and sad.A.When Icame out of the train, l heard someone sobbing.I headed towards the direction whereby the sobbing came from.l spotted an old woman with wrinkled skin and silver hair She had teeth that had yellowed with age.She also looked miserable and gloomy. The old woman was sitting in a humid corner whereby no one cared about her. As I went closer to her,l could see tears streaming down her face.l realized that she was hunched-back.l could tell from her appearance that she was a burden to her family.B.The frail-looking lady inched forward like she only had a limitedspace to move her feet. From a far distance,Icould see her wrinkled skin and her teeth that had yellowed with age. She looked cheerless with sunken eyes and cheeks. Her sinewy hands looked like she had worked hard for many years. She looked really feeble and seemed like she could not even swat a fly without missing it. Her silvery hair was no longer bright and shiny, but instead it was dull. Her face was gloomy and her smile was gone. She hunched her back and took a couple of steps forward.She looked up in dismay and sighed.If time permits, the instructor can ask students to work in groups and list five ways to show that a person is sad, or angry or happy.For example:On entering the door I remembered the doll l had broken. l felt my way to the hearth and picked what l had done, and for the first time l felt repentance and sorrow.-The Story of My Life-The Diamond NecklaceShe wept at once,with sudden, wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.-The Story of an Hour After Harry Potter's parents were killed, baby Harry was put onto the doorsteps of his uncle and aunt which made Hagrid,Professor McGonagall and Dumbledore sad:For a full minute the three of them stood and looked at the little bundle; -Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Harry -(Fred was killed and Hermione was sad, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows)Hermione Before Harry could say or do anything, she tucked the enormous ran toward the staircase to the girls’dormitories and out of sight.-Harry Potter and the Prisoner ofAzkaban face as low as possible, wiping them off on his robes, pretending to do up his shoelace,so that Lupin wouldn't see.-Harry Potter and the Prisoner ofAzkaban “You may rest assured that she will be punished,"Mr. Crouch added coldly.“M-m-master..."Winky stammered, looking up at Mr.Crouch,“M-m-master,p- p-please.….”-Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire -Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire“Master Barty,you bad boy!"whispered Winky, tears trickling between her fingers.-Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire。