计算机专业英语第五章.ppt
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第五单元课件
New Words
central processing unit 中央处理单元
workstation
n. 工作站
mainframe
n. 主机，主机架
supercomputer
超级计算机
server 服务器
client 客户
microcomputer 微型计算机
desktop computer 台式计算机
译为：两台及以上的计算机和其它设备以共享数据和程序为目的连接在 一起可组成计算机网络。
Notes
[12]. One impressive simulation designed to run on a super computer tracked the movement of thousands of dust particles as they were tossed about by a tornado.
operating system 操作系统
Notes
[1]. Most people can formulate a mental picture of a computer, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all purpose definition.
formulate 是描绘的意思，come in 以…… 形式出现，distill 提取
译为：大多数人都能描绘一台计算机，但由于计算机能做许多事情，有 许多形状和规格，以至于人们难以提取其共同特征形成通用定义。
计算机专业英语第三版教学课件Unit5 Software Engineering
布朗先生：您好！中华计算机公司。我能为您做些什么？
Linda: Hello, Mr. Brown. It is Linda. Got a minute?
琳达：您好，布朗先生。我是琳达。您有时间吗？
Mr. Brown: I see your point. If we have to spend more time on developing the second version, we’ll have to adjust the schedule. People need to know that we have adjusted the project development plan as soon as possible. Do you want me to call the project manager?
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
A software development project organization.
Lesson 14
Unit 5
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
Mr. Brown: Yes.We planned to put the two versions in the same development process. Well, what kind of problem are you having now?
布朗先生：是的。我们计划在同一个开发过程中投入两个版本。那您现在遇到什么问题了？
计算机专业英语第5章
10
Notes
[1] Without a network, the documents have to be printed out so that others can edit them or use them. 译文：没有网络，就必须将文档打印出来才能供他 人编辑或使用。 本句的“Without a network”是条件状语，“so that” 引导的是目的状语从句。
（1）Star network （2）Grid network （3）Bus network （4）Ring network （5）Hybrid network
8
Key Words
accurate annulus backbone contractor diagnose fashion hierarchical hybrid merge neighbor
7
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he physical topology describes the layout of the network, just like a map shows the layout of various roads, and the logical topology describes how the data is sent across the network or how the cars are able to travel (the direction and speed) at every road on the map. Logical topology is the method used to pass the information between the computers.
计算机专业英语教程PPT课件
2010.5.1Байду номын сангаас
Computer science major course
Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机
计算机专业英语
1-6
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
Key points: useful terms and definitions
《计算机专业英语》电子教案-第5章
5.1 OS Function The user interface function facilitates creation and use of appropriate computational structures by a user. This function typically involves the use of a command language or a menu.
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
An OS can use a resource table as the central data structure allocation. The table contains an entry for each resource unit in the system. The entry contains the name or address of the resource unit and its present status, i.e. whether it is free or allocated to some program. When a program raises a request for a resource, the resource would be allocated to it if it is presently free. If many resource units of a resource class exist in the system, a resource request only indicates the resource class and the OS checks if any resource unit of that class is available for allocation.
计算机专业英语unit 5-1
Practice reading this dialogue with your partners.
Do you know how to set up a firewall?
You can enable the Internet firewall provided by Windows itself. First go to the Control Panel. Select Network Connection. Then right click on your current connection, such as your LAN or ADSL connection and so on, and select Properties. Enter into the advanced tab, enable the Internet Connection firewall. The firewall will work on your computer.
Unit Five Network Security(1)
Contents
1 Warming up
Байду номын сангаас
2
3
Real world
Exercises
Warming up
Firewall：防火墙
Warming up
antivirus：杀毒软件
Warming up
spam：垃圾邮件
Warming up
Thanks for listening~
Exercises:
Task II:
Exercises:
Task I. Listen and write down what you’ve heard. 1. _____________ support department, what can I do for you? Technical firewall 2. How can I set up a ____________ for my Windows system? enable 3. You can _____________ the Internet firewall provided by Windows itself. click 4. You should right _____________ on your current connection. advanced tab. 5. Enter into the _____________ disabled 6. This firewall is very basic and sometimes_____________. 7. You should install ______________ software on the computer to antivirus fit for your demand. security 8. I'll undertake for your_____________. commercial firewall products 9. It is worth buying some _____________ see 10.I ___________what you mean.
计算机专业英语(5)
CoUnit 5 Programming Language·59·conversation.Jerry: Please have a seat, Tom. Tom: Thanks.Jerry: Well, Tom, what kind of education have you got?Tom: I studied computer science in Zhejiang University, and got a B. S. degree. Jerry: OK, what specialized courses did you take?Tom: The specialized courses I completed include computer science, operation systems, Java, OOA&OOD, software engineering, etc.Jerry: What kind of experience have you got for the job? Tom: I've been a computer programmer for more than two years. Jerry: What kind of software do you have a good command of? Tom: 、JS and Photoshop, etc. Jerry: Well, can you start next Monday? Tom: Sure.Jerry: That’s settled then.TASK II TEXT AIntroduction to ProgrammingLanguageFigure 5.1 Types of Programming Language计算机专业英语·60·instruction[in5strQkFEn ] n . 指令 symbolic[sim5bClik ] adj . 象征的，象征性的assembly language 汇编语言variable[5vAriEbl ] n . 变量higher-level language 高级语言 compiler[kEm5pailE ] n . 编译器abstract[5AbstrAkt ] adj . 抽象的 execution[7eksi5kju:FEn ] n . 执行source code 源代码utility[ju5tiliti ] n . 实用text editor 文本编辑器 notation[nEu5teiFEn ] n . 记号， 标记A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language , which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables . Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer.Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers , programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code (See Figure 5.1).As programming languages became more powerful and abstract , building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.A compiler is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers can’t directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code —a format that the operating system will recognize as aUnit 5 Programming Language·61·set[set ] n . 集合separately[5sepEritli ] adv .分别地，单独地debugger[di:5bQ^E ] n . 调试器 detect[di5tekt ] v . 检测intermediate[7intE5mi:djEt ] adj .中间的interpreter[in5tE:pritE ] n . 解释器proper program and be able to execute.Programs are often written as a set of smaller pieces, with each piece representing some aspect of the overall application program. After each piece has been compiled separately , a program called a linker combines all of the translated pieces into a single executable program.Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a debugger is often used to help find problems called bugs. Debugging programs usually detect an event in the executing program and point the programmer back to the origin of the event in the program code.Recent programming systems, such as Java, use a combination of approaches to create and execute programs. A compiler takes a Java source program and translates it into an intermediate form. Such intermediate programs are then transferred over the Internet into computers where an interpreter program then executes the intermediate form as an application program.ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text. 1.allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for .2.A compiler is a computer program that translates into .3. Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called or .计算机专业英语·62·4. After each piece has been compiled separately, a program called a combines all of the translated pieces into a single program.5. Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a is often used to help find problems called bugs.III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. The difficult of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of high-level language.( ) 2. The machine language allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. ( ) 3. Assembly language was invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming, along with them came the need for compilers.( ) 4. Computers need a compiler to translate source code into a low-level language called machine code. A compiler is a computer program. ( ) 5. A programmer uses a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called aprogramming language.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination of functions. For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer reads the program, and then follows the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the computer.TASK III TEXT BBasics of Object-OrientedProgrammingFigure 5.2 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)Unit 5 Programming Language·63·object-oriented 面向对象的inheritance[in5heritEns ] n . 继承package[5pAkidV ] n . 包state[steit ] n . 状态 behavior[bi5heivjE ] n . 行为 field [fi:ld ]n . 字段 method[5meWEd ] n . 方法instance[5instEns ] n .例子，实例definition[7defi5niFEn ] n . 定义gear[^iE ] n . 齿轮If you've never used an object-oriented programming language before, you'll need to learn a few basic concepts before you can begin writing any code. This lesson will introduce you to objects, class, inheritance, interface, and package (See Figure 5.2). Each discussion focuses on how these concepts relate to the real world.What Is an Object?An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior. Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life: your dog, your desk, your television set, your bicycle. They consist of state and related behavior. An object stores its state in fields (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior through methods (functions in some programming languages).What Is a Class?In the real world, you'll often find many individual objects are of the same kind. There may be thousands of other bicycles in existence, all of the same make and model. Each bicycle was built from the same set of blueprints and therefore contains the same components. In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is an instance of the class of objects known as bicycles. A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created.Class's definition can be divided into interface and impleme- ntation. Interface describes class as an abstraction, what client needs to know. Implementation is the internals, only used by implementer.What Is Inheritance?Different kinds of objects often have a certain amount in common with each other.Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behavior from other classes.Mountain bikes, road bikes, and tandem bikes, for example, all share the characteristics of bicycles (current speed, current pedal cadence, and current gear). Yet each also defines additional features that make them different: tandem bicycles have two seats and two sets of handlebars; road bikes have drop handlebars; some mountain bikes have an additional chain ring, giving them a lower gear ratio.What Is an Interface?An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world.计算机专业英语·64·publish[5pQbliF ] vt .&vi . 出版，公布namespace[5neim speis ] n .命名空间logical[5lCdVikEl ] adj . 逻辑的encapsulate[en5kApsE7leit ] vt .封装Polymorphism [pCli5mC:fizEm ] n .多态性When a class implements an interface, it promises to provide the behavior published by that interface.In its most common form, an interface is a group of related methods with empty bodies. A bicycle's behavior, if specified as an interface, might appear as follows:interface Bicycle {void changeCadence(int newValue); // wheel revolutions per minutevoid changeGear(int newValue); void speedUp(int increment); void applyBrakes(int decrement); }What Is a Package?A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner. Placing your code into packages makes large software projects easier to manage.The features of object-oriented programming include: (1)encapsulation (data hiding).(2)inheritance (derived classes inherit attributes and methods from base classes).(3)polymorphism (meaning of a message depends on class of recipient).ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).Unit 5 Programming Language·65·II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. The basic concepts of object-oriented programming include , class, , interface, and .2. An object stores its state in (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior through (functions in some programming languages).3. Object-oriented programming allows classes to commonly used state and behavior from other classes.4.In its most common form, an interface is a group of related methods with empty . 5. A package is a(an) for organizing classes and interfaces in a manner. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life: your desk, your classmates, your bicycle.( ) 2. In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is a class of the instance of objects known as bicycles. A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created. ( ) 3. Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behavior from other classes.( ) 4. A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner. Placing code into packages can’t make large software projects easier to manage. ( ) 5. The features of object-oriented programming include encapsulation, inheritance, andpolymorphism.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.The Java platform provides an enormous class library (a set of packages) suitable for use in your own applications. This library is known as the "Application Programming Interface", or "API" for short. Its packages represent the tasks most commonly associated with general-purpose programming. For example, a String object contains state and behavior for character strings; a file object allows a programmer to easily create, delete, inspect, compare, or modify a file on the file system; various GUI objects control buttons and checkboxes and anything else related to graphical user interfaces. There are literally thousands of classes to choose from. This allows you, the programmer, to focus on the design of your particular application, rather than the infrastructure required to make it work.TASK IV Writing TrainingNotice通知是上级对下级，组织对个人发出通知、下达指示、提出要求的一种应用文体；启事是个人对公众、组织对公众发布信息的一种文件，在英文表述上大体一样。
计算机专业英语05 Operating System
Notes（注释）
[1]It controls how the CPU communicates with other hardware components. how引导的从句作control的宾语。 例句：I don‘t know how to do it. 我 不知道该怎样处理它。 译文：它控制CPU与硬件间的通信。
[2]It also makes computers easier to operate by people who don't understand programming languages. people who don't understand programming languages，不懂编程语言的用 户。 译文：它也方便不懂得编程语言的用户 操作计算机。
Terms and Tips（术语和提示信息）
Not a character expression：不是字符 表达式。 Syntax error in format specification ： 格式说明语法错。 Too many returns encountered：遇到的 回车符太多。 DOS：Disk Operating System ，磁盘操作 系统。 DOS的主要功能是管理计算机的硬件和软 件资源，方便用户对计算机进行操作。
Text 2 Types of Operating Systems
Байду номын сангаас
Vocabulary and Keywords（生词和 关键词） Notes（注释） Terms and Tips（术语和提示信息）
Vocabulary and Keywords（生词 和关键词）
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计算机专业英语 》》
• protocol
n.草案，协议
• nonproprietary 开放性的
• suite
套，组
• across
越过，横过
• interconnect 使互相连接
• communication 信息，通讯
• communicate 沟通
计算机专业英语 》》
• The Internet protocols consist of a suite of communication protocols, of which the two best known are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).
• network-layer address route
网络层
地址
发送
计算机专业英语 》》
• IP has two primary responsibilities: providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of datagrams through an internetwork; and providing fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximumtransmission unit (MTU) sizes.
• Transmission Control Protocol • 传输控制协议 • Internet Protocol • 网际协议
计算机专业英语 》》
计算机专业英语 》》
Internet Protocol (IP)
• The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed.
计算机专业英语 》》
Lesson One Internet Protocols
• Background • The Internet protocols are the
world's most popular opensystem (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks and are equally well suited for LAN and WAN communications.
to it. 你马上就要成功了，坚持，坚持下去！ • 5.You are the best. 你真是顶呱呱！[这 是母亲对儿子、女孩对男友常说的话。] • 68.You are fantastic. 你太棒了！
计算机专业英语 》》
Lesson Two Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• maximum n.最大量, 极大
adj.最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的
计算机专业英语 》》
英语口语练习材料
• 1.You are going to make it. 你准行！ • 2.You are going to win. 你会赢！ • 3.You are my only hope.
你是我的希望。 • 4.You are almost there. Keep trying，stick
• 以连接为导向的
• end-to-end
• 端到端的
计算机专业英语 》》
• TCP Connection Establishment • Connection establishment is
performed by using a "three-way handshake" mechanism. A threeway handshake synchronizes both ends of a connection by allowing both sides to agree upon initial sequence numbers.
计算机专业英语 》》
UNIT FIVE
Network Technology and Web Design Tools
Lesson One Internet Protocols Lesson Two Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Lesson Three Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004
计算机专业英语 》》
• TCP offers reliability by providing connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable packet delivery through an internet work.
• connection-oriented
• The TCP provides reliable transmission of data in an IP environment. TCP corresponds to the transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI reference model. Among the services TCP provides are stream data transfer, reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and multiplexing.
计算机专业英语 》》
• responsibility n.责任，职责
• connectionless 无连接
• delivery
传输，递送
• datagram
数据包
• fragmentation 分裂，破碎
•链接
vt.连结；vi.连接起来