(完整版)Hyperbole夸张
Hyperbole
Functions
3、描景壮物，渲染气氛，给人以深刻印象。
Stand still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will rush at you like pins at magnet.
在上海静静地站上两分钟，就会有一千万人向你冲来，就像铁屑 冲向磁铁一样。
Usage
3. By the use of certain adjectives and adverbs
• Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.
--《Roughing It》
我认识一个要去那地方死的人，但他没有死成。他来时是 一付骨头架子，几乎不能站立。他什么也不想吃，什么也 不做，只是读些小册子，琢磨着以后怎么办。但三个月后， 他就经常在户外睡觉了，一天三顿能吃多少就吃多少，而 且在三千英尺高的山上，以追逐野兽作为娱乐。
以上引自美国著名作家马克·吐温的作品，读了这段用夸 张修辞方法写的文字，令我们忍俊不禁。怎能不叹服作者 的幽默。
每个人都拼命鼓掌。
Functions
1、强化感情，增强感染力。
In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest.
站在被告席上，她感到万箭穿心。
Functions
2、刻画人物，生动形象，活灵活现。
He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. 他沿着大街跑，声音之响，犹如十马奔腾。
强化语意的Hyperbole(夸张)
• 2、刻画人物，生动形象，活灵活现。
•
• He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop.
• 他沿着大街跑，声音之响，犹如十马奔腾。 • 作者巧用hyperbole手段，短短一句，就把
人物的急躁心情，生动地刻画出来。
• Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs ——20 of them, 30 of
them, many hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of
• While the sands o’ life shall run.
•
（Robert Burns）
• 亲爱的，我将永远爱你，
• 直到海水全枯竭，
• 直到海水全枯竭呀，亲爱的，
• 太阳熔化了岩石，
• 亲爱的，我将永远爱你，
• 只要我还有一息。
• 诗中夸张性的言辞表达了主人公对一位姑娘致死不渝的忠贞爱情：即 使所有的海洋枯干了，岩石都被太阳熔化了，我依然忠于爱情。
• Had Cleopatra’s nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been different.
•
( Blaise Pascal )
• 如果克利奥帕特拉的鼻子短一点的话，整个世界的面貌就 会改观。
•
• Cleopatra（69-30BC），埃及女王，艳美绝伦，被称为 “埃及艳后”。她的权欲极强，先为罗马恺撒大帝的情妇， 后与安东尼结婚。安东尼溃败后又欲勾引屋大维，没有成 功，遂以毒蛇噬咬自杀。此句夸张这个女人的容貌与世界 面貌的关系。
高级英语第二册第三版第二课Marrakech修辞汇总
⾼级英语第⼆册第三版第⼆课Marrakech修辞汇总1.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?。
Functions of Hyperbole(夸张的功能)
3.描景状物，渲染气氛，给人以深刻 印象
• Stand still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will rush at you like pins at magnet 在上海静静地站上两分钟，就会有一千向 你冲来，就像是铁屑冲向磁铁一样。
4.幽默风趣，令人发笑，讽刺嘲弄， 入木三分
• He is so mean, he won’t let his little baby have more than one measle at a time. 他很吝啬，竟然不肯让他的孩子一次出一 粒以上的麻疹。
Functions of Hyperbole
1.强化感情，增强感染力
In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest. 在被告席上，她感到万箭穿心
I love you. You the whole world to me
2.刻画人物，生动形象
英语学习：毫不夸张地说这是一个最夸张的例子
【导语】Hyperbole是⼀种修辞⼿法，意思是“夸张”，是运⽤丰富的想象⼒，在客观现实的基础上有⽬的地放⼤或缩⼩事物的形象特征，以增强表达效果的修辞⼿法。
为了启发读者或听者的想象⼒和加强所说的话的⼒量，⽤夸⼤的词语来形容事物。
下⾯是整理发布的英语学习：毫不夸张地说这是⼀个最夸张的例⼦，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！Hyperbole lies, but not so as to intend to deceive by lying. . . . It is in common use, as much among the unlearned as among the learned; because there is in all men a natural propensity to magnify or extenuate what comes before them, and no one is contented with the exact truth. But such departure from the truth is pardoned, because we do not affirm what is false. In a word, the hyperbole is a beauty, when the thing itself, of which we have to speak, is in its nature extraordinary; for we are then allowed to say a little more than the truth; and language is more efficient when it goes beyond reality.夸张带有欺骗性，但并⾮由⽬的的欺瞒。
夸张的使⽤很普遍，受过教育与没受过教育的⼈都会夸⼤其词，因为⼈的本性如此，会有意地夸⼤或减轻他们⾯对的情况，没有⼈会满意仅仅陈述事实。
(完整版)Hyperbole(夸张手法)
Hyperbole/OverstatementHyperbole is a way of describing something in order to make it sounds bigger, smaller, better, worse, ect.than it really is.1．This chair weighs a ton.2．The worker is so hungry that he can eat a horse.3．The girl is dying to know why her boyfriend left her.4．I'm starving to death.5．Her words are sweeter than honey.6．The two brothers are different in a thousand and one way s.7．Thanks a million.8．It took a few dollars to build this skyscraper.9．I feel so sleepy that I could sleep for a year.10．It's a matter of life and death to her.11．I love Ophelia: forty thousand brothersCould not, with all their quantity of love,Make up my sum. (William Shakespeare: Hamlet) 12．I will love you still till all seas have gone dry; I will love you still till rocks have melted with the sun. (Robert Burns)13．The day seems a long year.14．His eloquence would split rocks.15．I have a sea of trouble.16．I have a thousand things to attend to.17．We haven't seen each other for ages.18．He's got tons of money.19．Her brain is the size of a pea.20．I will die if she asks me to dance.21．"Ladies and gentlemen, I've been to Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and I can say without hyperbole that this is a million times worse than all of them put together." (Kent Brockman, The Simpsons) 22．"I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far." (Mark Twain, "Old Times on the Mississippi") 23．"Daphne, you can't go. You have to stay. I've only just recently realized how important you are to us. You see, if you go, Dad and I will kill each other. I'm not just tossing out hyperbole here. I'm speaking in the most literal sense: Dad and I, both dead. Only he'll be lying there with a bacteria-ridden sponge protruding from his mouth like a bloated tongue!" (Kelsey Grammer as Dr. Frasier Crane in "Come Lie With Me." Frasier, 1996)24．"My toaster has never once worked properly in four years. I follow the instructions and push two slices of bread down in the slots, and seconds later they rifle upwards. Once they broke the nose of a woman I loved dearly." (Woody Allen, "My Speech to the Graduates." The New York Times, Aug. 10, 1979)。
(完整word版)现代大学英语精读5修辞
● 1. Alliteration 头韵●2。
Allusion 引喻● 3. Anaphora 首语重复法●4。
antithesis对偶● 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称●6。
Chiasmus 交错法●7。
Hyperbole 夸张●8. Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻●9。
metonymy借喻，转喻●10。
oxymoron 反意法，逆喻●11. Repetition 重复，反复●12。
Paradox 隽语●13。
Parallelism 排比, 平行●14. Pun 双关●15. Simile 明喻●16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法,兼用法●17。
Synecdoche 提喻●18. transferred epithet移就●19。
Irony反语Where do we go from hereAntithesis●Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should bereconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 waysto despise himself，and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself，and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority。
(para4）●As long as the mind is enslaved，the body can never be free。
(para5）●Psychological freedom ...。
..physical slavery （para5)●And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and powerhave usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites——so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7）●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can’t murder.（para19)●The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into brighttomorrows of quality，integrated education. （para. 25)●There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed intothe fatigue of despair。
【听力技巧】托福听力中常用的修辞方式-Hyperbole(夸张)
托福听力中常用的修辞方式-Hyperbole(夸张)汉语中有修辞，英语中自然也有。
早在90年代初的TOEFL听力考试中，美语的修辞手法便得到了初步的运用,随着TOEFL听力不断向Daily(日常生活化)和Functional(语言交际功能化)发展，为考试而刻意雕琢的那些呆板、生硬的语法现象已荡然无存,各种各样修辞方法的广泛运用已成为听力语言地道性的重要表现。
不过，也正是由于修辞的出现，无形间加大了我们对其语言理解的难度，有时甚至“不知所云”，即使看到了听力文字部分，也是“一头雾水”,但如果我们真正领悟了修辞中字里行间的奥秘，不仅会帮助我们迅速解题，更会被TOEFL听力中的经典修辞艺术所服。
从这种角度考虑，修辞堪称TOEFL听力调色“话”板的点睛笔!为了透彻理解TOEFL听力修辞语言的话外音，我们有必要对近年来TOEFL听力中出现的各种美语修辞手法做一个分析和总结，以有利于考生究其根本，从而顺利、快捷的解题。
Hyperbole(夸张)试比较以下TOEFL听力短对话的两种回答方式：Have you asked your brother to do the dishes? 1)Yes, many times.(很多遍了。
)2)Yes, a thousand times.(无数次了。
)很明显，第一种回答方式不如第二种生动，因为 a thousand times(无数次)使用了Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法。
Hyperbole一词源于希腊语的huperbole，意思是exceed(超过)，是一种故意夸大其词(overstatement)或言过其实的修辞手法;其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以达到强烈的修辞效果。
如：a river of tears (泪河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)...Hyperbole(夸张)在TOEFL听力中的运用也可谓炉火纯青。
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Hyperbole 夸张
英语hyperbole一词源于希腊语的huperbole，原意为excess（超过）。
Definition：
A figure of speech consisting in exaggerated or extravagant statement, used to express strong feeling or produce a strong impression, and not intended to be understood literally.
---Oxford English Dictionary
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。
1）Haven’t seen you for ages.
2) I could sleep for a year.
3) We’re all tired (thirsty) to death.
Classification：
按性质分类：Extended hyperbole & Reduced hyperbole
按构成方式分类：lexical & grammatical
按性质分类：
Extended hyperbole 扩大夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等说得特别高、特别大。
Reduced hyperbole 缩小夸张
将描写对象的形象、数量、作用、程度等说得特别低、特别小。
1）His eloquence would split rocks!
2) It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.
3) A drop of ink may make a million think.
一滴墨水写成的文字可让千万人思索。
按构成方式分类：
1. 用词汇表示(lexical)
A. 用数词表示
1) This made him roar like a thousand bulls.
这使他像千牛怒吼一般咆哮起来。
2) One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.
---George Herbert 一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。
3) I love Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love make up my sum.
---William Shakespeare: Hamlet
我爱奥菲莉亚：40 000 个兄弟的爱合起来，还抵不过我对她的爱。
B.动词表示
1) In its wake, budget cuts and food shortage have hit the new nation of Russia—and prices have shot out of the world.
---Newsweek, Feb. 17, 1992
随其解体后（指前苏联），预算缩减和食品短缺已经沉重地打击了俄罗斯这个新生国家—而且物价飞涨，直冲云霄。
2) We not only saw but heard it: the report positively reverberated down the Rhine.
---George B. Shaw 我们不仅看见了，而且听见了。
这个报告简直响遍了整个莱茵河。
3) His anger nearly burst his belly.
他气得肚子简直炸裂了。
C.名词
It’s a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day.
a crime = a great pity
今天阳光明媚，躲在家中实在太遗憾了。
2. 用虚拟语气表示
Noise proves nothing: often a hen who has merely laid an egg crackles as if she had laid an asteroid.
---Mark Twain
嗓子大证明不了什么事情：只生下一只蛋的母鸡也常会咯咯叫，像是生下了小行星似的。
3.用形容词比较级和最高级表示
She is the prettiest girl in the world.
My Faith is larger than the Hills.
Hyperbole与其他辞格：
1) Miss Bolo went straight home in a flood of tears and sedan chair. ---Charles Dickens
(hyperbole, zeugma)
2) Poly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of outer space. ---Max Shulman
(hyperbole, climax)
3) A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.
(hyperbole, personification)
4) A drop of ink may make a million
think.
(hyperbole, metonymy, contrast)。