BRICS 金砖四国英文介绍
金砖国家英语介绍

Identity of BRICS
• BRICS currently neither had a permanent secretariat nor served as a formal international organization.
• The rotating system adopted by BRICS featured a free and feasible decision-making procedure, allowing members to reach consensus on specific issues and providing an outlet for their demands. • On top of that, BRICS held meetings among foreign, agricultural and financial ministers and promoted communications among experts and entrepreneurs. These efforts had greatly enriched inter-BRICS cooperation .
Significance of BRICS
• close cooperation and dialogue among the BRICS nations would deepen South-South cooperation, change the game rules of international finance and trade, and give developing countries more rights to speak. • BRICS' rise would be difficult to reverse in 10 to 15 years, and it would restructure the global pattern of economy, trade and diplomacy
金砖四国领导人会晤中英对照

金砖国家领导人第五次会晤德班宣言(二0一三年三月二十七日)Fifth BRICS SummitDurban: 27 March 2013BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization eThekwini Declaration1、我们,巴西联邦共和国、俄罗斯联邦、印度共和国、中华人民共和国和南非共和国领导人于2013年3月27日在南非德班举行金砖国家领导人第五次会晤。
我们围绕“金砖国家与非洲:致力于发展、一体化和工业化的伙伴关系”的主题进行了讨论。
本次会晤是金砖国家第一轮领导人会晤的收官之作。
我们重申将致力于维护国际法、多边主义和联合国的中心地位。
我们的讨论表明金砖国家的团结进一步加深,愿为全球和平、稳定、发展与合作做出积极贡献。
我们还讨论了金砖国家在与各国和各国人民团结合作的基础上,在国际体系中发挥的作用。
1. We, the leaders of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, met in Durban, South Africa,on 27 March 2013 at the Fifth BRICS Summit. Our discussions took place under the overarching theme, "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization." The Fifth BRICS Summit concluded the first cycle of BRICS Summits and we reaffirmed our commitment to the promotion of international law, multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations (UN). Our discussions reflected our growing intra-BRICS solidarity as well as our shared goal to contribute positively to global peace, stability, development and cooperation. We also considered our role in the international system as based on an inclusive approach of shared solidarity and cooperation towards all nations and peoples.2、此次会晤举行之时,正需要我们探讨共同关心并具有系统重要性的问题,以解决共同关切,研拟长期解决之道。
传统金砖四国

传统金砖四国(BRIC)引用了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母。
由于该词与英语单词的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
南非加入后,其英文单词将变为“BRICS”,并改称为“金砖国家”。
2011年4月14日,金砖国家领导人第三次会晤将在中国三亚举行,五国领导人将商讨如何协调应对重大国际问题,如何深化和扩大彼此间合作,如何加强金砖国家合作机制等问题。
一般认为,最早提出“金砖四国”这一概念的是美国高盛公司,2003年10月高盛公司发表了一份题为“与BRICs一起梦想的全球经济报告"。
报告估计,到2050年,世界经济格局将会经历剧烈洗牌;全球新的六大经济体将变成中国、美国、印度、日本、巴西、俄罗斯。
“金砖四国”这个词是高盛公司的吉姆·奥尼尔于2001年首次提出的。
“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了四国领导人巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母。
由于该词与英文中的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
[1] 传统“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了巴西(Brazil)、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)和中国(China)的英文首字母。
由于该词与英文中的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
南非(South Africa)加入后,其英文单词将变为“BRICS”,并改称为“金砖国家”。
金砖国家

金砖国家传统“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母。
由于该词与英语单词的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
南非加入后,其英文单词将变为“BRICS”,并改称为“金砖国家”。
演变历史金砖四国”(BRIC)一般认为,最早提出“金砖四国”这一概念的是美国高盛公司。
2003年10月高盛公司发表了一份题为“与BRICs一起梦想的全球经济报告"。
报告估计,到2050年,世界经济格局四国领导人将会经历剧烈洗牌,全球新的六大经济体将变成中国、美国、印度、日本、巴西、俄罗斯。
“金砖四国”这个词是高盛公司的吉姆·奥尼尔于2001年首次提出的。
“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母。
由于该词与英文中的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
“金砖国家”(BRICS)传统“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母。
由于该词与英文中的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
南非加入后,其英文单词将变为“BRICS”,并改称为“金砖国家”。
2001年,美国高盛公司首次提出“金砖四国”概念,囊括了全球最大的四个新兴市场国家。
“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国的英文首字母,由于该词与英文中的砖(Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
2009年6月,四国领导人首次在俄罗斯举行首次会晤。
2010年4月,第二次“金砖四国”峰会在巴西召开。
会后四国领导人发表《联合声明》,就世界经济形势等问题阐述了看法和立场,并商定推动“金砖四国”合作与协调的具体措施。
至此,“金砖国家”合作机制初步形成。
2010年11月二十国集团会议在首尔举行,南非在此次会议上申请加入“金砖四国”。
2010年12月,中国作为“金砖国家”合作机制轮值主席国,与俄罗斯、印度、巴西一致商定,吸收南非作为正式成员加入“金砖国家”合作机制,“金砖四国”即将变成“金砖五国”,并更名为“金砖国家”(BRICS)。
金砖四国

金砖四国是指巴西、俄罗斯、印度及中国四个有希望在几十年内取代七大工业国组织[1]成为世界最大经济体的国家。
[2]这个简称来自这四个国家的英文国名开头字母所组成的词BRIC(Brazil、Russia、India、China),其发音类似英文的“砖块”(BRICK)一词。
来源:2001年,美国高盛公司首席经济师吉姆·奥尼尔(Jim O'Neil)首次提出“金砖四国”这一概念。
2003年,奥尼尔在一份题为《与“金砖四国”一起梦想》的研究报告中预测,到2050年,世界经济格局将重新洗牌,“金砖四国”将超越包括英国、法国、意大利、德国在内的西方发达国家,与美国、日本一起跻身全球新的六大经济体。
高盛这份报告出台后,中国、印度、俄罗斯和巴西作为新兴市场国家的领头羊,受到世界广泛关注,“金砖四国”这一概念由此风靡全球。
另外,金砖四国的概念,有时也用来定义谣传中的这四国在2002年所签署的关于贸易与合作的协定。
实际上,由于高盛该份研究报告被广为接受,金砖四国的概念被广泛的用来定义这四个国家所组成的一个市场,甚至更一般的用来定义所有新兴的工业国家。
影响:作为主要新兴市场国家,“金砖四国”国土面积占世界领土总面积的26%,人口占世界总人口的42%,国内生产总值占世界总量的14.6%,贸易额占全球贸易额的12.8%,按购买力平价计算对世界经济增长的贡献率已超过50%。
根据国际货币基金组织的统计,2006年至2008年,四国经济平价增产率为10.7%。
随着四国经济快速增长,其国际影响力与日俱增。
关于金砖四国的研究报告:高盛的研究报告认为,中国、俄罗斯、巴西和印度的经济发展前景极好,四国将在2050年位列世界最强经济体。
这篇研究报告是由高盛的全球经济学家吉姆·奥尼尔(Jim O'Neil)主持编写的。
据预测,这四个国家将拥有超过全球40%的人口和14.051万亿美元的国内生产总值。
无论从任何方面讲,它们都将成为世界上最大的经济实体。
金砖四国之中国

十五年經濟發展綱領
精神:集中力量加快經濟增長並促進社會穩定發展。 精神:集中力量加快經濟增長並促進社會穩定發展。 主要目標: 主要目標: 國民經濟保持較快發展速度, ----國民經濟保持較快發展速度,經濟結構戰略性調整取得明顯成
效,為到2010年GDP比2000年翻一番奠定堅實基礎。 為到2010年GDP比2000年翻一番奠定堅實基礎。 2010 年翻一番奠定堅實基礎 國有企業建立現代企業制度取得重大進展,社會保障比較健全, ----國有企業建立現代企業制度取得重大進展,社會保障比較健全, 參與國際經濟合作與競爭。 參與國際經濟合作與競爭。 就業渠道拓寬,居民收入持續增長,生態環境建設得到加強。 ----就業渠道拓寬,居民收入持續增長,生態環境建設得到加強。 科技教育加速發展,國民素質進一步提高。 ----科技教育加速發展,國民素質進一步提高。
匯率的變遷
改革開放以前
人民幣在1980年以前,穩定在1美元=2.6元人民幣。 人民幣在1980年以前,穩定在1美元=2.6元人民幣。 1980年以前 =2.6元人民幣
改革開放以後
人民幣幣值一直保持穩定。不過,到了1990年之後,人 1990年之後 人民幣幣值一直保持穩定。不過,到了1990年之後, 民幣開始大幅貶值, 1994年曾跌至最低達 美元=10 年曾跌至最低達1 =10元人 民幣開始大幅貶值,在1994年曾跌至最低達1美元=10元人 民幣。1990年後期亞洲金融風暴期間 年後期亞洲金融風暴期間, 民幣。1990年後期亞洲金融風暴期間,中國政府開始進行 調控,將人民幣穩定在1美元=8.25~8.26 =8.25~8.26元 調控,將人民幣穩定在1美元=8.25~8.26元,並成功地度 過由於美國證券投機分子索羅斯造成的席捲亞洲的 金融危機,將人民幣匯率穩定保持將近8 金融危機,將人民幣匯率穩定保持將近8年。
金砖国家英文介绍

金砖国家英文介绍The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) is a group of emerging countries known as the "BRICS nations" or the "BRICS economies." The term was coined by economist JimO'Neill in 2001 to represent a growing collective power in the global economy.Brazil, the largest country in South America, is known for its diverse culture, natural beauty, and booming agriculture and mining sectors. It has a developing economy and is considered one of the world's largest producers of coffee, soybeans, and beef.Russia, the largest country in the world, is known for its rich history, extensive natural resources, and global political influence. It is one of the leading producers of oil and gas, with major exports in energy, metals, and minerals. Russia also has a strong aerospace and defense industry.India, the second-largest country in the world by population, has a fast-growing economy and is considered a major player in the services sector, including IT services, telecommunications, and finance. It is known for its diverse culture and ancient history. China, the most populous country in the world, has become a global economic powerhouse. It is the world's largest manufacturing hub and a major exporter of goods, ranging from electronics and automobiles to textiles and machinery. China's rapid economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty and transformed it into a major player on the global stage.South Africa, the only African member of the BRICS, is known for its natural resources, such as gold, diamonds, and platinum. It has a well-developed financial sector and is considered the gateway to Africa due to its infrastructure and strategic location. South Africa has the second-largest economy on the continent after Nigeria. Together, these five countries represent a significant portion of the world's population, land area, and GDP. The BRICS nations have been working towards achieving greater economic cooperation, promoting trade, and challenging the existing global economic order dominated by developed countries.。
最新整理金砖四国的由来.docx

最新整理金砖四国的由来
金砖四国是指巴西、俄罗斯、印度及中国四个有希望在几十年内取代八国工业集团,成为世界最大经济体的国家。
这个简称来自这四国国名的开头英文字母BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China)的谐音BRICK(意指「砖头」)。
“金砖四国”(BRICs)一词,最早由高盛公司首席经济学家吉姆·奥尼尔在二〇xx年提出,高盛公司在当年的一份报告中预言,BRICs将于二〇五〇年统领世界经济风骚,全球新的六大经济体将变成中国、美国、印度、日本、巴西和俄罗斯。
国际金融危机爆发后,高盛公司再次发布报告表示,西方国家在金融风暴中受挫严重,相对让“金砖四国”在世界经济中的比重快速上升,四国的地位也日益看涨。
该公司预计,到二〇二七年,“金砖四国”的GDP总和将超七大工业国(G7),比原先的预估提前将近十年。
“金砖四国”都是重要的新兴市场国家,在许多国际地区问题上看法接近。
四国无论从面积、人口、资源、市场等方面都有独特优势,四国国土面积占世界领土总面积的百分之二十六,人口占全球总人口的百分之四十二。
根据国际货币基金组织的统计,二〇xx年至二〇xx年,四国经济平均增长率为百分之十点七。
四国在国际事务中也都具有重要影响。
去年以来,“四国”框架的高层接触越来越频繁。
去年五月在叶卡捷琳堡举行了首次“金砖四国”外长单独会议,此后应对全球金融危机又相继召开了三次“四国”财政会议,以及负责安全事务的高级代表会议。
二〇xx年七月,在日本北海道举行的八国集团与发展中国家领导人对话会议上,四国领导人曾举行过短暂的非正式会晤。
即将举行的首次领导人会晤将成为“金砖四国”合作的重要里程碑。
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Russia
• Through the 1998 financial crisis, the Russian economy is like flying a brilliant phoenix from the ashes, in the recent international credit rating which is renowned research institutions in securities Standard & Poor‘s rated investment grade. Although Russia’s vast land, abundant energy, if the lack of the necessary reforms effectively curb corruption, the government in the face of the future development trend still can not sit back and relax.
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金砖五国领袖聚会新德里 金砖银行成峰会亮 点。
BRICS leaders summit meeting in New Delhi to highlight the BRIC banks.
Brics countries the prospect of the future
As the bric countries increasing proportion in the global economy, this mechanism in the international political and economic influence on the stage will be further enhanced, mechanism outside the country will intensify cooperation with mechanism within countries, so as to improve the mechanism of its international status.
BRICS
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
BRICS origin of the name
Traditional "BRIC" (BRIC) cites the first letter in English Brazil, Russia, India and China. As the word with the English word brick (Brick) is similar, it is called "BRIC." After South Africa to join the English word becomes "BRICS", and renamed the "BRIC countries."
Republic of India
• • India is one of the fastest growing countries in the world, impressive economic growth. Measured in terms of purchasing power parity, India's 2011 GDP of $ 4.457 trillion, ranking third in the world after the U.S., China. India has 487.6 million working population, ranking second in the world, of which 50% were engaged in agriculture or agriculture-related industries, 28% in the service sector and related industries; engaged in industry accounted for 18%. To-GDP ratio, the accounting for 18.1% GDP in agriculture, services and industry accounted for 55.6% and 26.3%, respectively.
The strength of the BRICS
• Currently, the "BRIC countries" accounted for 27% of the world's land area total area of the territory, the population accounted for 43% of the world's total population. According to the International Organization statistics, in 2009 the GDP of the five countries accounted for 16% of the world's total trade volume accounted for 13% of global trade. According to the 2010 World Bank and IMF reform program, the World Bank's voting rights "BRIC countries" will increase significantly to 13.1% in the IMF's share will reach 14.81%.
• The BRICS countriesoriginally Brazil, Russia, India, and China, and now South Africa - have turned out to be a source of global economic development and essential to future generations.
About BRICs countries
Brazil
• GNP Brazil ranks first in Latin America, in addition to the traditional agricultural economy, production and service industry is also booming, but occupy a natural advantage in terms of resources of raw materials. Former President of Brazil, Fernando Henrique Cardoso Workers Party leaders had developed a strategy for economic development, its economic revitalization after laying the cornerstone of our success.
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People's Republic of China
• China is the world's fastest growing economy in the country (1979-2009), the average annual economic growth rate of 9.8% in the first half of 2010 China's GDP has surpassed Japan, is now second in the world. Total land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world (after Russia, Canada), with territorial waters and exclusive economic zone of 400 square kilometers, the total area of over 1,400 square kilometers. Peaceful Coexistence: to maintain peace, opposition force. Second, mutual respect and sovereign equality. Third, choose, seek common ground. Four, mutually beneficial cooperation and common development. .
See you!!!
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South Africa
• • South Africa belongs to middleincome developing countries. Natural resources are very rich. Finance, relatively complete legal system, communications, transportation, energy and other infrastructure is good. Mining, manufacturing, agriculture and service industries are the four pillars of the economy, deep mining technology is a world leader. But the national economic departments, uneven regional development, urban and rural, black and white dual economy distinctive characteristics.