完整word版高中英语语法冠词及其用法讲解

第一讲冠词及用法讲解5、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词the 。

The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的

（2002年上海春季卷）I want to chat with the taller of the two men. 含义。英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。

6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。基本用法一、不定冠词:

Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. 、（2000年北京春季卷）play 、不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，其中a 用于以辅音音素（辅音音素24个/p//b/、/t/the piano, play the violin

/d/、/m/、/l/、/r/ 等,不是辅音字母）开始的词前。而20an 是用于以元音音素（元音音素7、用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，a useful 。the Smiths

开始的词前。e，，i，o，u）如：a university/e/个/i:/、/i/、、/au/ 等, 不是元音字母a8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。the sun，the moon，the earth，the world。，tool，a computeran orange，an hour，an 800-meter bridge，

9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及典型例句

某些建筑物等名称前。、与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。1According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed --I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.--You shouldn't put drinks near a in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.（20062006 年北京卷）年全国II卷）（computer.

After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. ，相当于2、泛指某人或某物，表示“某一个”a certain。（2005年安徽卷）

10、在某些形容词之前，可表示某一类人。the rich，the poor，I2006--Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? （年全国卷）the old，the wounded，the living，the dead。--Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here.

三、不用冠词(零冠词)情况per、用于数量、时间等名词前，表示“每一（单位）的……”相当于3 。：

1、人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。)

2003I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. （年上海卷

Wang Fu Jing Street，，，，、4用于固定词组中。a knowledge of have a gift forgive sb. a ridea couple of，have a good Pei Hai Park 北海公园，Beijing University 但也可说the University of

Beijing do sb. a favortell a lieat a lossonce in a whilein a hurrykeep a diarytime，，，，，，。。

2、抽象名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。二、定冠词的基本用法When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understandingof life. （2004年辽宁卷）、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所所修饰。1

3、物质名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was the The warmth of the sweater will of course be

determined by the sort of wool used.2006（年辽宁卷）2001年全国卷）（most important one.4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前，常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时，加the 。2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。

We will 年浙江卷）2006elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president，monitor，（Don't worry if you can't come to the party. I'll save some cake for you.

headmaster，mayor 等。3、复述上文中提到的事物。

5There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is new. 、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前，不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用、用于单数可数名词之前，表示该类事物，相当于4the。 a 。

Children's Day，Women's DayWhen you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my ，May Day the Spring Festival。

。卷）I年全国2004（flat. play chess，play basketball 不用冠词。球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前，学科名称、三餐、、6 1

7、man 作“人类”讲时，同human，mankind 一样不用冠词。5. Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______whole family are supposed to get together.（2007年辽宁卷）discovery, which to improve the telescope, Newton made a While he was investigating ways

A. the；the

B. a；a

C. the；2004completely changed man's understanding of color. （年广东卷） a

D. a；the

解析：这句话的意思是：圣诞节是一个整个家庭应该聚在一起的特殊的节日。交通手段时，不用冠词。If you go by train, A special 8、by 与表示“通信、交通”的词连用，表示通信,holiday“一个特殊的节日”，是泛指，用不定冠词you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. （2005年全国III a 。the whole family 特指“整个家庭”，用定冠词the 。所以选D 卷）。

冠词用法口诀、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。9四．冠词的活用。It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. （2005年北京卷）

1. 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可能会和a, an 连用。10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义，不加冠词，常作状语。如a heavy rain, a surprise 一件惊奇的事, a pleasure, a success/ failure等。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public. （2001

Exercises: 1. I don't think my chances of ___________ success were very good. under love with，pressure，beyond 年上海卷）in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort，in

expression 等。 2. The gift came as _____________ complete surprise to me.

2. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面一般要加定冠词，典例精析：但是如果此类名词有修饰成分，也可以用a/ an 1. _______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch. （2007年山东卷）如：the moon, a full moon, in the world, in a world without air

3. 牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们前面永远不能加不定冠词。如：不填不填A. A；a B. The； C. The；a D. A；weather, space, fun,

advice, news, information, progress

是泛指，因此用定冠词特指；是指大家心中都明白的the walk walk ，a packed lunch 解析：4. 指一份盒饭。答案：专有名词前冠词的用法比较复杂，但一般情况下不含普通名词的专有名词前不用冠词，C。

如2. --Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?

Beijing, New York. The Changjiang River, The Great Wall

5. 易混结构卷）年全国（2007II--Sorry, we don't have _______ Johnson here in the village.

；不填；the D. the the +比较级表示两者中比较…的一个不填the taller one of the two brothers

a C； A. the；the B. the

a 。在人的姓前加解析：“the +复数姓氏”表示“夫妇”或“全家”，表示“某个姓……的a + 比较级，表示一个更…的The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more

interesting one.

B 。人”。所以选

a most= a very 无比较范围，无比较含义He is a most hard-working student. 20073. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. （年北京卷）the +序数词表示顺序不填；不填；a B. the；A. the ；the C. the D. the This is the second one.

a/an +book the 。后接定语从句，特指序数词, 不表顺序，表示又一，再一can you give me a second chance?

特指说话的双方心目中的那张床，要用定冠词解析：bed 上周丢失的那本书，要用定冠词。B the 。所以选

1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher

than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.

（4. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn't get _____ride to the station. 2007年天津卷）A, the a

/ D. the ；；the B./；A. an the C. an； B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a

2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable 。the 特指早班火车，要用定冠词train early 解析：a 。所以journey ,but make sure you get 表示泛指要用不定冠词ride

_____fast one.

D 选。2

A. /, /

B./, a

C. the, a

D./,/ 14.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office .

A. /, a B /, the C .a the 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life.

D .the, the

15The most important thing about cotton in D. the, a

history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/

Revolution.

t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ 4. I can'A. /,/ Monday.

B. the,/

C. the , the

D. a ,the

16.While he was investigating D. the, a ways t improve the telescope Newton made _______discovery C. a, a

A. the , the

B. a ,the

which completely changed ____ man'5.If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on s understanding of color.

A. a ,/

B. a ,the well with ______others .

C. /, the

D. the ,a

17.It is ___world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen.

A. /,an the

B. a, the ,/

C. the ,an ,the

D. a, the ,the

A. a. the

B. a, a

C. the, a for daughter 6.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old who has _____gift painting –she has won two

D. /,/

19.Tom owns ______larger collection of ______books than any other student in our class. national prizes.

A. the ,/

B. a,/

C. a ,the

D. the C. an ,a B. an ,the A. a, a

D. /, the

20.For a long time they walked without saying ___word .Jim was the first t break _____silence. 7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport.

A. the, a

B. a ,the

C. a ,/

D. /, the the A .the, a

B. a

C. /, a

D. the,/

21.There was ____time _____I hated t go to school.

8.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao

A. a ,that

B. a ,when 'won the gold medal in mens with ____score of 4:1.

C. the ,that

D. the ,when

22.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ______better understanding of ______life., A. a ,a

B. / the

C. a ,/

D. the ,a

A. a, the

B. the .a ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one.

9.I knew C. /,the D.a,/

23.I earn 10dollars ____hours as ____supermarket cashier on Saturday.

A. /,a C. /,the D. the, a

B. a ,the

A.a, an

B. the ,a for and left Smith of ____life book 10.The tells story John ,who

_______school worked a C. an ,a D . an ,the

24The sign reads newspaper at the age of 16.

“in ease of___fire ,break the glass and push _____red button”

A. /,a D. a,/

B. /,the

C. the ,the

D. a ,a C. the./

B. a , the A. the, the

25.I dontime, holiday for come you 11.When here your next can I _____hotel go t to ; 't like talking on ______telephone ; I prefer writing ____letter.

find you 'donA.a, the B. the./ C. the ,the ______bed in my flat.

D. A ,/

26.Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.

C. a ,th e

D. a,/ B. the,/ A. the ,a

A. /, the 12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence off________.

B. /, an

C. an. an

D. the, the

27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _____good knowledge of basic word A. a price C. the price

B. price D. prices

formation.

speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians –13.____on-going division between English

A./ is _______major concern of the country.

B the C. a D. one

d lik

e have ______third one because _____second one is rather

B. The ,a A. The ,/

C. An ,the '

D. An,/ 28.The cakes are delicious . He 3

too small.

物主代词，名词所有格前，一般不用加冠词，man 用单数形式，前面不加冠词，可以表示“人类”。 D. the ,a C.

a ,the B. the .the A. a, a

17. B. a world of wonders 一个充满奇迹的世界；第二个空a world 是前面的同位语，因此还29.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ____leg.

依然用a表泛指 D. his

C. the A. a B .one

19.B. a large collection of …一个较大的收集30.The warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of

___wool used. ……books 用复数此处表泛指。

20.B.saying a word ,此处a word 指“一个字”；the silence 表特指此时此刻的“沉默” B. the ,/

C. /, the

D. /,/ A. the, the

2１.B. a time 表示一段时间，when 引导定语从句修饰a time. 答案：

22.D.have a better understanding of ……对、、、，是泛指；第二个空填a recent report 1．A report 可数名词，一份近来的报告the 表、、有一种更好的理解。

23.D. an hour 表示“每小时”；后一空中的a2090特指示年。表示“一个”

24.B.句中fire为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，表示类别；而在接交通工具类的同时，一般不接冠词，如．2B. by train 乘火车，by by bike , by ship ; 根the red button用于特指，区别于其他的按纽。据句意第二个空应该是泛指。

25.B. on the telephone 为固定用法，而第二个空中的letters 表示类别；live life have ．3．B teachers 此处用名词复数表泛指，指一切老师；a ……相当于/lead

26.C. airplane 为可数名词，an airplane 、样的生活、、、表示泛指，而此处的experience表示“经历”，为可、a……life 过一种、数名词，离开这座城市。D. leave the city 4．a Monday an exciting experience意为“一次刺激的经历”一个星期一，表泛指。

27. C.当某些不可数抽象名词含义具体化，而被某些修饰词修饰时，前面要加不定冠词。如；others其此处表泛指“与别人相处好的能力”5.B. a large family 一个大家庭；the abilitya betty understanding of the passage , a good knowledge of 他人表泛指。English.

28.C.have a talent for. 、…．6C. have a gift for 有做、、的天赋，相当于当序数词表示顺序时前面要回定冠词修饰；当表示“又一；再一”时，前面用不定冠词修饰。是可数名词，表示“搭车”让某人搭车，此处7.B. give sb. a ride ride 。

29.C本题考查习惯用法，结构为动词＋sb+介词+the +身体的某个部位。由普通名词构成的专有名词，是专有名词，8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship一般前

30.B.句意为“一种毛衣的保暖性取决于所用的羊毛的种类”，此处的the …………a score of ；面要加thewith 比分是sweater 不是表示表示特指的某种。the sort of wool =the wool ,特指，而是表示种类；而第二个空中的的人，表泛指。John Lennon9.B. a John Lennon 一个叫做10. C leave school 毕业a bed ；A. go to the hotel ．11去旅店此处表泛指，“一个地方”C. the price 12．“原价”此处表特指，。此句的意思是：在讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的那种逐渐增长的分13B.．表泛指，the 歧是这个国家一个主要担心的问题。第一个空用表特指；第二个空用a 泛指主要是担心问题中的一个。大学毕业14.A. leave college

15.C.the part the Industrial Revolution特指在工业革命避所起的作用；工业革命在'man有了一个发现；16.A,make a discovery 人类对于颜色的理解，s understanding of color 4