哈工大数控大作业完美版
第一作业调研报告 (1)1.1调研内容 (1)1.2工作量与要求 (1)1.3正文 (1)The development and application of NC machine tool servo system (2)第二作业：典型曲线数字积分法插补方法 (13)2.1目的 (13)2.2要求 (13)2.3 DDA法双曲线插补的积分表达式 (13)2.4终点判别 (15)2.5插补举例 (15)第三作业：加工中心零件加工编程 (17)3.1目的和要求 (17)3.2数控机床设备 (17)3.3加工工艺制订 (19)3.4要完成的程序编写任务 (22)《数控技术》课程（2015）大作业院（系）专业姓名学号班号任课教师完成日期哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院2015年5月数控大作业第一作业调研报告1.1调研内容请以课堂所学习的知识为基础，自主选择课程中所涉及的任一知识点进行调研。
可以调研知识点的发展脉络，也可以重点介绍该知识点的发展现状、争议与未来发展趋势。
请提交交独一无二的报告1.2工作量与要求1. 报告需用英文撰写，可计算机打印，也可手写，但最后封面需手工签名。
2. 格式请参照本科生毕业论文要求（见教务处网站），总字数不少于2000字。
3.在调研报告的最后，请列出参考的主要文献（英文学术刊物上正式发表的文献不少于5篇）或网址，并在正文中标注引用。
4. 如果出现雷同，两位同学均无成绩。
1.3正文The development and application of NC machine tool servo system Since the invention of NC machine tool in 1950s, servo system has been the indispensable component of the NC machine tool. With the rapid development of new materials, electronic power and controlling system, the servo system has evolved from the step-by-step system to DC system and then to AC system. As the blossom of AC servo technology, AC servo system will replace the DC system wholly and take up the dominant position in the family of servo system.With the electronic power conversion unit as actuator and controller as c ore , Servo system which contains the servo driver and servo motor const itutes the main part of the electric-driving and automatic control system . When working, firstly the servo system willreceive the signal from NC devices, and then drive the motion of machine tool as well as ensure the accuracy and speediness of movement under the guidance of pulse command . Usually, precision and speed of t he NC machine tool and other technical indicatorsmainly depend on the servo system itself1.The improvement and assortment of NC servo systemAt present, engineers tend to assess the quality by reference to several im portant indicators, such as precision, speed and so on. Therefore, a NC se rvo system must meet these requirements.High precisionUnlike the traditional manufacturing which can be manually handled to r egulate and compensate errors, the NC servo system has a high demand o n positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracyQuick repose characteristicQuick response is one of important indicators of servo system’s dynamic quality which requires the servo system following the command signal with minimum error as well as quick repose and high stability. Once receiving the instruction of manipulator, the working machine can restore the original state of equilibrium quickly after a short regulation or a disturbance from outer space.Wide speed rangeDue to the difference in work piece materials, cutting tool and process requirements, servo system must have wide speed range, so as to ensure that the CNC machine in any circumstances can get the optimal cutting condition. Thus the machine tool can satisfy the requirement of high speed machining as well as the requirement of low speed feed.The speed range is generally larger than 1 to 10000. when the machine is working in a low cutting speed which ask for a larger stable torqueoutput, NC servo system must maintain a good reliability.Good reliabilitythe usage of machine tool is frequent, usually with 24 hours' continuous work, so the servo system must have good working reliability. Servo system of NC machine tool can be divided into open loop control system and closed loop control system according to the presence of feedback test components. Drive control Unit transforms feeding instructions to perform signal needed by actuator, and then actuator convert this signal into mechanical displacement.In Open loop control system, there is no feedback detecting components and comparing control links. On the contrary, these are essential part of a closed-loop control system.The composition of servo systemServo system can be classified into the feed drive system and the spindle drive system on the basis of function and usage. Besides,the NC servo system can also be sorted into open loop control system and the closed loop control system in light of the presence of feedback detecting element.In addition, according to the difference of actuators, servo system can be divided into stepping servo system, dc servo system and ac servo system.Stepping servo systemBefore the 1960 s,the stepping servo system is based on step motor driven hydraulic servo motor or characterized by power steppingmotor as direct drive,and servo system uses open-loop control. Stepping servo system works with the pulse signal, and its speed and turning Angle depends on the frequency or the number ofInstruction pulses.Because there is no testing and feedback loop, the precision of the stepper motor step depends on the step angle, the accuracy of the gear transmission clearance and so on, its accuracy is low. stepping motor is easy to appear vibration phenomenon when working in the low frequency,and its output torque decreases with increment of speed. Because the stepping servo system is the open loop control, step motor in the start of machine with the over-high frequency or large load shows"lost" or "blocked" phenomenon and prone to appear phenomenon of high speed overshoot in the braking of the machine tool. At the same time, step motor speed accelerating from 0 to working speed requires longer time and slower speed response. But because of its simple structure, easy adjustment, and good working reliability and the low prices, the stepping system is a good choice in many many occasions of low occasions.Dc servo systemAfter 60 and 70 s, most of numerical control system adopts dc servo system. Dc servo motor has a good wide range speed performance, large output torque, and strong overload capacity. servo system also has evolved from open loop control into closed-loop control, thus in the industry as well as its related fields gains the more extensive or aboard application. However, with the rapid development of modern industry, the corresponding equivalents such as precision CNC machine tools, industrial robots make higher and higher requirements to the electrical servo system, especially the precision, reliability and other performance.The traditional dc motor uses a mechanical commutator, faced up with many problems in the application process, such as brush and commutator wear easily, maintenance work is heavy and the cost of it is high. Commutator reversing would produce sparks, the maximum speed of the motor and the application environment is limited;Dc motor has a more complex structure, higher cost,and prone to interfere other devices'work.Ac servo systemThe existence of these problems, limiting the dc servo system in high precision, high performance requires the application of servo driveoccasion.Because hard-overcoming weakness of dc motor, people have been seeking the development of ac servo motor to replace the dc motor whose advantage is limited by mechanical commutor and brush to satisfy the needs of various application fields, especially in the field of high precision and high-performance servo drive .But because the ac motor has strong coupling, nonlinear characteristics, so control is very complete and the high-performance application has been limited. Since the 1980 s, with the boom of the new technology such as electronic electricity, the modern control theory, and the breakthrough in the field of vector control algorithm, the original problems of AC motor which has bothered so many engineers has been solved, and ac servo development faster and faster.The characteristics of the ac servo systemIn addition to good stability, good rapidity,and high precision,servo motor system has a series of other advantages.with out the limitation of commutator circumferential speed and armature reactance potential numerical element, the speed limit ofAC motor can be design higher than DC motor in the same given motor. with a wide range of speed regulation, the most ac servo motor speed ratio can reach 1:50000,and high-performance servo motor speed ratio can even amount to ver 100000. Meet the numerical control machine tooldrive, wide speed range and small static rate request.good torque speed characteristicAC motor as the constant torque output, i.e. within its rated speed output rated torque, in for a constant power output above the rated speed.And torque overload capacity, can overcome the inertia moment of inertia load moment at start-up.Meet the machine tool servo system, large output torque, good dynamic accordingly, high positioning accuracy demands.The research status of domestic ac servoAc servo system consists of the ac servo system based on asynchronous motor and the ac servo system on the base of synchronous motor.At present machine mainly adopts a permanent magnet synchronous ac servo system.In the field of ac servo research, the Japan, the United States and Europe are in the forefront.In the mid 1980s, Japan yaskawa company has successfully developed the world's first ac servo drive.Then F ANUC, Mitsubishi, Panasonic and other companies have launched their own ac servo system. Most of these products from aboard companies are based on the asynchronous motor. However,domestic institutes has set up late in ac servo system with asynchronous motor,and so far there are still no products available. Many domestic researchers put much importance on the research of permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system. Huazhong university of science and technology, Beijing machine toolresearch institute, xi 'an micro motor research institute, shenyang institute of automation of Chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou electric factory etc have started out in the research of AC servo system and are expected to launch their own products. DA98 all-digital ac servo drive unit from guangzhou NC manufacturing company has already knock at the door of high-precision servo driver industry in our country, broken the monopoly of foreign countries , and initiated a new era belonging to our national brands.Ac servo signal and numerical control system interface have three different modes, which can also divided into three stages.Domestically, Guangzhou CNC DA98 which belongs to the first generation and is also a epoch-making servo drive, at the same time, it is first all-digital domestic ac servo drive unit, pulse command it accept direction. The second generation is EDB series delegated by Aston, it can not only accept pulse command signal, but also receive the signal from the speed control and torque control analog input.The third generation is networked ac servo worked servo system is the organic combination of industrial field-bus technology and full digital ac servo,which enables users to adjust the parameters according to load conditions and saves some unstable factors such as drift produced by analog circuits. Based on field bus network control technology,the servosystem the microprocessor and field bus interface in all type ac motor servo drive, form independent of intelligent digital servo control unit, it directly connected to the industrial field bus, it formed a new type of network control system based on field-bus.Reduced the number of hardware and the attachment, the structure of intelligent units on independent, to the outside world and realize data sharing between each other, but also can use other field control equipment, easy to extend.So far, the network communication server product in domestic has not yet mature.Robotics institute of Beijing university of aeronautics and astronautics development design a network based on DSP + FPGA + ASIPM ac servo control system, the principle prototype has been got preliminary validation of the three-dimensional carving machine. currently, the most server drive adopt high-speed DSP processors,which promote the movement of all kinds of advanced control algorithms in the use of new type of drive. Mostly, suppliers of servo system employ the structure of DSP + CPLD (FPGA) on the hardware. Because the DSP and CPLD (FPGA) can repeat programming,they are easy to realize modular re-configurable of the ac servo system.As long as the software for corresponding different system configurations, including the control algorithm can control and asynchronous motor, permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, brush-less dc motor, and through the reconfiguration of FPGA can also drive dc motor and three phaseinduction of stepping motor.It's for NC machine tool upgrade and innovation has left a lot of space.The development tendency of ac servoWith the constant improvement of productive forces, the ac servo system will be sophisticated in the direction of the integration, intelligent and network .integrationBy using a single and multi-function control unit, the servo system can achieve position control and speed control function through the setting of software and constitute a half closed loop feedback unit configuration or full closed loop control system of high accuracy through the external interface composition.intelligentServer intelligent control mode, such as internal programming can achieve a certain trajectory in advance and control the surrounding IO port as well as the adjustment of master-slave's following with electronic CAM, etc.networkServer implementation is distributed by network.The server's modulation could be reconstructed with low cost .conclusionThe modern NC machine tool is developing rapidly in the direction ofhigh speed and high precision.As the essential component of the NC machine tool,servo system has gradually equated to ac servo system which has several incomparable advantages compared with other servo systems. With the progress of the ac servo technology, it will gradually replace dc servo system overall.[参考文献][1]Tryling, David P.Simple servo uses.ProQuest Journal,2009.[2]J. Cao ；Z.W. Li ；Z.X. Meng.Development Of A Nc Servo System Based On Fuzzy Adaptive Control.Key engineering materials,2009.[3]Fusaomi&Nagata.Development of CAM system based on industrial robotic servo controller without using robot languag.Robotics andComputer Integrated Manufacturing,2013.[4]Mulan Wang Kaiyun Xu Chuan He Lei Zhou.Research on Servo System for CNC Machine Tool Driven by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Torque Motor.Materials Engineering and Automatic Control,2012[5]Xu, Kaiyun Li, Ning Lin, Jian He, Chuan.Development of linear servo control system for CNC machine tool based on DSP.International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer,2011第二作业：典型曲线数字积分法插补方法2.1目的数字积分插补方法是实现数控插补功能的重要方法之一。
哈工大机械设计大《作业》轴系部件设计完美版
Harbin Institute of Technology课程设计说明书课程名称：机械设计设计题目：轴系部件设计院系：班级：设计者：学号：指导教师：郑德志设计时间：2014年11月哈尔滨工业大学目录一、选择轴的材料 (1)二、初算轴径 (1)三、轴承部件结构设计 (2)3.1轴向固定方式 (2)3.2选择滚动轴承类型 (2)3.3键连接设计 (2)3.4阶梯轴各部分直径确定 (3)3.5阶梯轴各部段长度及跨距的确定 (4)四、轴的受力分析 (5)4.1画轴的受力简图 (5)4.2计算支反力 (5)4.3画弯矩图 (6)4.4画转矩图 (6)五、校核轴的弯扭合成强度 (8)六、轴的安全系数校核计算 (9)七、键的强度校核 (10)八、校核轴承寿命 (11)九、轴上其他零件设计 (12)十、轴承座结构设计 (12)十一、轴承端盖（透盖） (13)参考文献 (13)一、 选择轴的材料通过已知条件和查阅相关的设计手册得知，该传动机所传递的功率属于中小型功率。
因此轴所承受的扭矩不大。
故选45号钢，并进行调质处理。
二、 初算轴径对于转轴，按扭转强度初算直径：d ≥√9.55×106P n10.2[τ]=C √P n13式中 d ——轴的直径；P ——轴传递的功率，kW ；n1——轴的转速，r/min;[τ]——许用扭转剪应力，MPa; C ——由许用扭转剪应力确定的系数；由大作业四知P =3.802kw所以：d ≥36.99mm本方案中，轴颈上有一个键槽，应将轴径增大5%，即d ≥36.99×(1+5%)=38.84mm按照GB2822-2005的a R 20系列圆整，取d =40 mm 。
根据GB/T1096—1990，键的公称尺寸b ×h =12×8，轮毂上键槽的尺寸 b=12mm ，1t =3.3mm 3、设计轴的结构3.1轴承机构及轴向固定方式因传递功率小，齿轮减速器效率高、发热小，估计轴不会长，故轴承部件的固定方式采用两端固定方式。
哈工大数控技术大作业二 DDA法椭圆插补
三，插补器的结构框图
dɵ
X
b/adyຫໍສະໝຸດ Y -1a/bdx
图 2.2 插补器的结构框图
四，DDA 法椭圆插补的终点判别
每次累加后，用 ������、 ������与椭圆终点坐标值作比较，当某个坐标轴到终点，该 轴不会有脉冲发出，当两个坐标轴都到达终点时，插补结束。
4
数控技术（双语）课程作业——题目 3
五，DDA 法椭圆插补实例
设已知椭圆方程为25 + 26 = 1，插补起点 A(5,0)，插补终点 B(0,4)，逆时针加 工，用 DDA 法插补此段圆弧。 根据上述插补方法，设寄存器整数部分占 4 位，小数部分占 4 位，共 8 位， 慢 8 溢出，则插补过程如表 2.1。
数控技术（双语）课程作业要求
目的：
数字积分插补方法是实现数控插补功能的重要方法之一。除平面直线和圆弧 外，数字积分法法也可以实现多坐标插补联动以及描绘如二次曲线甚至高次曲线 等各种函数曲线，精度也能满足要求，在一些专用数控机床和高档数控系统中得 到了广泛的应用。因此，深入理解数字积分插补方法是掌握数控加工知识的重要 内容之一。
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数控技术（双语）课程作业——题目 3
二，椭圆插补的步骤
1，插补运算开始，x 轴、y 轴的被积函数分别存放其初值（分别为������ ������、������ ������） ， 总步长分别为 ������������ − ������������ 、 ������������ − ������������ ； 2，x 轴累加器得到的溢出脉冲发向-x 方向，y 轴累加器得到的溢出脉冲发送 到+y 方向； 3，某一轴发出一个进给脉冲后，须将该轴被积函数的坐标轴修正，即当 x 轴 方向发出进给脉冲时 y 轴的被积函数的 x 值减 1 后乘以������ ，当 y 轴方向发出进给脉 冲时 x 轴的被积函数的 y 值加 1 后乘以 。
机械制造装备大作业
Harbin Institute of Technology机械制造装备设计大作业题目：无丝杠车床主传动系统设计学院：机电工程学院班级：姓名：学号：©哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学机械制造装备设计大作业题目：无丝杠车床主传动系统设计目录一、运动设计 (3)1 确定极限转速 (3)2 确定公比 (3)3 求出主轴转速级数 (3)4 确定结构式 (3)5 绘制转速图 (4)6 绘制传动系统图 (5)7 确定变速组齿轮传动副的齿数 (6)8 校核主轴转速误差 (6)二、动力设计 (7)1 传动轴的直径确定 (7)2 齿轮模数的初步计算 (7)参考文献 (9)设计任务设计题目：无丝杠车床主传动系统设计已知条件：最大加工直径ф320mm，最低转速33.5r/min，公比φ=1.41，级数Z=11，切削功率N=4KW。
设计任务：1.运动设计：确定系统的转速系列；分析比较拟定传动结构方案；确定传动副的传动比和齿轮的齿数；画出传动系统图；计算主轴的实际转速与标准转速的相对误差。
2.动力设计：确定各传动件的计算转速；初定传动轴直径、齿轮模数；选择机床主轴结构尺寸。
一、运动设计1. 确定极限转速已知最低转速为33.5r/min，公比φ=1.41，参考文献[1]表4-2标准转速系列的本系统转速系列如下：33.5 42.5 67 95 132 190 265 375 530750 1060 r/min，则转速的调整范围maxmin 106031.64 33.5n nRn===。
2. 确定公比根据设计数据，公比φ=1.41。
3. 求出主轴转速级数Z根据设计数据，转速级数Z=11。
4.确定结构式（1）确定传动组和传动副数由于总级数为11，先按12设计再减掉一组。
共有以下几种方案：12=4×3 12=3×4 12=3×2×2 12=2×3×2 12=2×2×3 根据传动副前多后少原则，以减少传动副结构尺寸选择第三组方案，即： 12=3×2×2（2）确定结构式按前疏后密原则设计结构式中的级比指数，得到：12=31×23×26减掉一组转速为：12=31×23×25对于该结构式中的第二扩大组x 2=5、p 2=2，而因此r 2=φ5×(2-1)=1.415=5.57<8。
数控专业大作业
数控专业大作业
学校年月
一、 作业要求
1、配合件宜选择本岗位实际加工的产品，非加工岗位的同学或在加工岗位但不生产配合件的同学可以选择下列配合件完成本作业。
[配合件一]：子弹模型
毛坯：Φ50×65mm ，Φ50×110mm,45#钢。
外表面粗糙度均为Ra1.6。
件2与件3间不得有接痕。
6×3
8
5
23
Φ47Φ40M 30×2
C2
件1
8
35°
35°
Φ38Φ30Φ15Φ13
Φ3
Φ85
0-0.0250-0.025
配合图
未注倒角C1
[配合件二]双向配合A
毛坯：Φ60×57mm，Φ60×60mm,45#钢。
未注表面粗糙度均为Ra3.2。
椭圆，长半轴28
[配合件三]双向配合B
毛坯：Φ65×65mm，Φ65×86mm,45#钢。
未注表面粗糙度均为Ra3.2。
-0.02
2、自主完成本作业。
有困难可请教本岗位师傅或学校实习指导教师。
3、设计完成需提交纸质文档和电子档，电子档传送至邮箱：
二、 图样分析 1、零件结构分析
2、加工精度分析
3、加工表面粗糙度分析
4、配合分析
三、工艺分析
1、数控机床、数控系统选择
2、工具、量具选择
3、刀具清单
4、加工顺序及工艺参数
四、相关计算
五、加工程序编制
六、加工说明。
哈工大CADCAM技术基础大作业
CAD/CAM技术基础大作业题目：CAD/CAM应用现状及发展前景学院：机电工程学院班号：姓名：学号：成绩：指导教师：日期：CAD/CAM应用现状及发展前景摘要：CAD/CAM技术作为一门多学科综合性技术，近几十年来发展迅速，对制造业产生了深远的影响。
本文较全面地介绍了CAD/CAM技术在各国的应用状况，并通过对比国外先进国家CAD/CAM技术的应用现状、技术特点和发展趋势，分析指出我国CAD/CAM技术应用推广中存在的问题，并对其发展方向提出建议。
关键词：CAD/CAM；应用；现状；问题；趋势；分析……ABSTRACT: The CAD/CAM technology has been multidisciplinary one comprehensiveness technology, development in recent almost several tens of years has been prompt, has produced far-reaching influence to manufacturing industry. The main body of a book have a serious trial with the situation having introduced that the CAD/CAM technology is in application of our country all round, analysis points out middle have problem of the whole world CAD/CAM technology application extension, and direction brings forward suggestion to its development by the fact that advanced country CAD/CAM technology application current situation, technology characteristic compose in reply a developing trend contrast abroad. KEYWORDS: CAD/CAM; Application; Current situation; Problem; Trend; Analysis1.引言CAD/CAM技术起步于20世纪60年代末，经过40年左右的发展先后走过了大型机、小型机、工作站、微机时代，每个时代都有当时流行的CAD/CAM软件。
哈工大机械原理大作业直动从动件盘形凸轮机构满分完美版哈尔滨工业大学
end
%曲率半径
dx=diff(x);
dx(36001)=0;
dy=diff(y);
dy(36001)=0;
dydx=dy./dx;
ddy=diff(dydx);
ddy(36001)=0;
ddy=ddy./dx;
~7~
xlabel('凸轮转角φ/°');
ylabel('从动件加速度 a/(mm/s^2)');
title('加速度');
subplot(2,3,4);
plot(dsdPhi,s);
axis equal
axis([-30 50 -50 30]);
hold on
plot(x1,f1,'r');
hold on
axis equal
hold on
plot(x,y,'k')
legend('理论廓线',-1);
hold on
%轮廓图
%实际廓线
%理论廓线
~8~
哈尔滨工业大学
直动从动件盘型凸轮机构设计说明书
plot(x0,y0,':')
hold on
%基圆
plot(xe,ye,'k:')
%偏距圆
legend('实际廓线','理论廓线','基圆','偏距圆',-1);
subplot(2,3,1);
plot(Phi,s);
grid on
axis([0 360 0 27]);
哈工大机械设计大作业轴系部件设计完美版
（4）轴段1和轴段7：
轴段1和7分别安装大带轮和小齿轮，故根据大作业3、4可知轴段1长度 ，轴段7长度 。
（5）计算
， ，
， ，
4、轴的受力分析
4.1画轴的受力简图
轴的受力简图见图3。
4.2计算支承反力
传递到轴系部压轴力
带初次装在带轮上时，所需初拉力比正常工作时大得多，故计算轴和轴承时，将其扩大50%，按 计算。
图2
3.2选择滚动轴承类型
因轴承所受轴向力很小，选用深沟球轴承，因为齿轮的线速度小于2m/s，齿轮转动时飞溅的润滑油不足于润滑轴承，采用油脂对轴承润滑，由于该减速器的工作环境有尘，脂润滑，密封处轴颈的线速度较低，故滚动轴承采用唇形圈密封，由于是悬臂布置所以不用轴上安置挡油板。
3.3键连接设计
齿轮及带轮与轴的周向连接均采用A型普通平键连接，齿轮、带轮所在轴径相等，两处键的型号均为12 8GB/T 1096—1990。
4.4画转矩图……………………………………………………………6
五、校核轴的弯扭合成强度……………………………………………………8
六、轴的安全系数校核计算……………………………………………………9七、键的强度校核………………………………………………………………10
八、校核轴承寿命………………………………………………………………11
在水平面上：
在垂直平面上
轴承1的总支承反力
轴承2的总支承反力
4.3画弯矩图
竖直面上，II-II截面处弯矩最大， ；
水平面上，I-I截面处弯矩最大， ；
合成弯矩，I-I截面：
II-II截面： ；
竖直面上和水平面上的弯矩图，及合成弯矩图如图5.4所示
4.4画转矩图
哈工大数控技术大作业
《数控技术》课程（2013）大作业院（系）机电工程学院专业姓名学号班号任课教师完成日期哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院2013年5月说明一、大作业应包括下列主要内容：1.目录；2.题目1的要求（精简版）与报告；3.题目2的要求（精简版）与报告；4.题目3的要求（精简版）与报告；5.其他内容二、注意事项：1. 报告可以打印，也可以手写，手写的请扫描后粘贴入word文件中，形成电子文档；2. 调研部分，不要为了凑字数，而撰写大量无关内容。
字数不重要，重要的是对调研内容的自我总结；3. 在大作业的最后，如果愿意，可以谈一下对课程的感受和建议；4. 报告的电子版请以班级为单位，刻录在光盘中交给任课教师。
三、报告请用A4纸双面打印，左侧装订，统一交给任课教师，以备检查。
四、此说明页请勿删除。
目录作业一：加工中心零件加工编程 (1)1.1题目要求 (1)1.2精铣Φ60外圆工序加工程序 (1)1.3工序6～10加工程序 (2)1.4工序12精铣外轮廓加工程序 (3)作业二：调研报告——数控系统的国内外发展及应用现状 (3)2.1题目要求 (3)2.2数控系统的发展过程和趋势 (4)2.3国内外数控系统功能介绍与应用分析 (6)2.4国内外数控系统比较及差距分析 (9)参考文献 (10)作业三：典型曲线数字积分法插补方法 (10)3.1题目要求 (10)3.2DDA法抛物线插补的积分表达式 (11)3.3插补器结构框图 (11)3.4终点判别 (12)3.5插补举例 (12)3.6DDA抛物线插补分析 (15)对课程的感受和建议 (16)作业一：加工中心零件加工编程1.1题目要求加工图1零件，按要求编写程序图1-1 加工零件图编写精铣Φ60外圆工序（仅工序5中Φ60外圆，台阶不管）加工程序；编写工序6～10加工程序；编写工序12精铣外轮廓加工程序。
设起始点(0,0,50)，换刀点(0,0,250)，参考平面在加工面上方3mm处。
哈工大-机械制造技术基础-大作业-CA6140车床拨叉设计-(完美版-得分4.5)
H a r b i n I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y机械制造技术基础大作业题目：院系：机械制造及其自动化班级：0808103姓名：XXX学号：********XX©哈尔滨工业大学一、零件的分析（一）零件的作用题目所给的零件是CA6140车床的拨叉。
它位于车床变速机构中，主要起换档，使主轴回转运动按照工作者的要求工作，获得所需的速度和扭矩的作用。
零件上方的Ф22孔与操纵机构相连，二下方的Ф55半孔则是用于与所控制齿轮所在的轴接触。
通过上方的力拨动下方的齿轮变速。
两件零件铸为一体，加工时分开。
（二）零件的工艺分析零件的材料为HT200，灰铸铁生产工艺简单，铸造性能优良，但塑性较差、脆性高，不适合磨削，为此以下是拨叉需要加工的表面以及加工表面之间的位置要求：1.小头孔以及与此孔相通的的锥孔、螺纹孔2.大头半圆孔Ф553.小头孔端面、大头半圆孔上下Ф73端面，大头半圆孔两端面与小头孔中心线的垂直度误差为0.07mm，小头孔上端面与其中心线的垂直度误差为0.05mm。
二、工艺规程设计（一）确定生产类型已知此拨叉零件的生产类型为中批量生产，所以初步确定工艺安排为：加工过程划分阶段；工序适当集中；加工设备以通用设备为主，大量采用专用工装。
（二）确定毛坯的制造形式确定毛坯种类：零件材料为HT200。
考虑零件在机床运行过程中所受冲击不大，零件结构又比较简单，生产类型为大批生产，故选择铸件毛坯。
查《机械制造工艺及设备设计指导手册》（后称《指导手册》）选用铸件尺寸公差等级CT9级。
（三）基面的选择（1）粗基准的选择对于零件而言，尽可能选择不加工表面为粗基准。
而对有若干个不加工表面的工件，则应以与加工表面要求相对位置精度较高的不加工表面作粗基准。
根据这个基准选择原则，现选取Ф40的外表面和底面为粗基准加工Ф22孔的上表面。
（2）精基准的选择主要应该考虑基准重合的问题。
哈工大机械原理大作业连杆机构9
机械原理大作业大作业一：连杆机构运动分析学生姓名：学号：指导教师：丁刚完成时间：机电工程学院机械设计系制二〇一八年四月连杆机构运动分析1题目（9）图1 设计题目在图1所示的机构中，已知l AB=60mm，l BC=180mm，l DE=200mm，l CD=120mm，l EF=300mm，h=80mm，h1=85mm，h2=225mm，构件1以等角速度ω1=100rad/s 转动。
求在一个运动循环中，滑块5的位移、速度和加速度曲线。
2分析结构1、杆1为RR主动件，绕A以ω1 转动，自由度1.2、4杆和滑块5为RRP II级杆组.，自由度0.3、2，3杆组成II级杆组RRR，自由度0.总共自由度为F=5*3-2*7=1 .由上述的杆组类型，确认出所需运动分析数学模型：同一构件上的点、RRP、RRR。
3.杆组法对平面连杆机构进行运动分析3.1对主动件杆1 RR I级构件的分析主动杆1转角：φ= [0°,360°) δ=0°,则φ’=ω1=100 rad/s角加速度φ’’=0.已知h2=225mm, h=80mm, l AB=60mm 所以A（225mm,80mm）A点速度(0,0),加速度(0,0)B点位置(x A+l AB*cos(φ), Y A+l AB*sin(φ))B点速度(-l AB*sin(φ), l AB*cos(φ)),加速度(-l AB*cos(φ), -l AB*sin(φ))3.2RRRII 级杆组分析（模型参考教材P37-38）图3 如图所示两个构件组成II 级杆组。
已知了B 的位置（x B ，y B ）= (x A +l AB *cos(φ), Y A +l AB *sin(φ)),速度（x ’B ，y ’B ） 和加速度（x ’’B ,y ’’B ）, 已知运动副D （0,0）， 还可知，x ’D =y ’D =0, x ’’D =y ’’D =0. l BC =180 mm, l CD = 120mm所以，x c =x D +l CD *cos(φi)= x B +l BC *cos(φj) y c =x D +l CD *sin(φi)= x B +l BC *sin(φi) 对于φ的求解： A 0=2*l CD （x B -x D ） B 0=2*l BC （y B -y D ） C 0=l CD 2+ l BD 2- l BC 2为了保证机构的装配正常：l BD ≤l CD + l BC AND l BD ≥Abs （l CD - l BC ）可求3杆的转角φi=2*arctan(（B 0±sqrt （A 02 + B 02- C 02））/（A 02+ C 02)），角速度w3=φi ’和角加速度α3= φi ’’3.3 同一构件上的点(模型参考书P35-36)Φiφjφi已知D(0,0),速度(0,0),加速度(0,0),3杆转角φi 角速度φi’角加速度φi’’，Φi和它的导数在3.2都有体现LDE= 200mm可求出E的坐标,速度,加速度.x E =x c+lCE*cos(φi)y E =x C+lCE*sin(φi)同样地，速度、加速度通过求导即可得出算式，可以编出程序。