英语s发音规则图文稿

英语s发音规则集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-s发/s/的读音规则一、s在词首时，除了sugar，sure以及sh组合发//以外，其余一般发/s/。

例：surface，serve，seven，six，some，sign比较：design/di'zain/一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。

s仍读成/s/。

例：unsafe，unsatisfactory，roadside，teaspoon，snowstorm二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。

例：grass，glass，address，press，success，pass，miss，stress，across，swiss, progress，process，kiss三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。

例：bus，us，minus，abacus，plus，status，virus四、在sis组合的弱读中，两个s都读作/s/。

例：emphasis，analysis，thesis，crisisemphasise, emphasize, analyse/ analyze, criticise/criticize (criticism n.)五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。

例：muscle，discipline，science六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。

1．在前缀mis-，dis-中，s读作/s/。

例：mismanage，misjudge， misbelieve，disorder，disobey2．在后缀－sive，sity，－self，-some，-sy中，s读作/s/。

例：expensive，intensive，decisive, yourself，handsome，troublesome，tiresome，quarrelsome七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。

1．s在清辅音前常读作/s/。

例：honest，newspaper，task，satisfy，grasp (grab, grip)2．s在清辅音后常读作/s/。

例：sportsman，works，stops，roofs．八、词尾se在字母r，l，n后读作/s/。

例：horse，nurse，worse，course， universe，pulse，else，tense，senseI couldn't find good references by Googling, and I don't know anything about British English. As I think it through, it is quite complicated! Sorry -- we should really get around to some spelling reform. I hope others can help edit this list if they think of exceptions.In American English, typicallyIf there are any prefixes or suffixes causing an s to be in the middle of a word (either because the "s" is part ofthe prefix or because it is part of the root"), the "s" isalways unvoiced清音/s/, e.g. subsist, substandard, mismatch, mistake, etc.An s that is written next to an unvoiced consonant 清辅音is always unvoiced /s/, e.g. lisp, rasp, history, etc.When the unvoiced consonant of the above rule is [t], then the /t/ is silent if the next syllable is syllabic /n/ or/l/: listen, whistle. (Otherwise it is pronounced. See the comments for a more detailed description of this rule.)An s before m is always voiced /z/: chasm, prism, plasma. However, the top rule takes precedence有优先权, so the s in mismatch is always voiceless /s/.An s that is written doubled between vowels is also unvoiced: massive, missive, missile, etc. However, if the s would occur in the phonetic stream /s+j/ then it assimilates to //, e.g. in mission.An s that is written as one single letter between vowelsis usually /z/, e.g. laser, risible, criticise/ criticize, desert, design, reason, busy, result, reserve, closer (the comparative form of the adjective "close", has an /s/ sound).In the same environment as mentioned above /z+j/ willassimilate to // e.g. in vision.Terrible exception to the above: in dessert, the s is voiced to /z/. Many native English speakers misspell dessert for this reason. Note also that the difference betweendesert and dessert is not voicing, but which syllable gets the accent (it is the first in desert and the second indessert).Possess and its derivatives are another exception; the middle "ss" is voiced to /z/. The terminating "ss" is not.Other miscellaneous exceptions: The -ss- in the American state name Missouri is also exceptionally pronounced /z/. In raspberry, the p is silent and the [s] assimilates to the/b/, so is voiced to /z/.补充：Based on the immediately surrounding letters:Word-internal -ns-, e.g. in i ns ist, te ns e, ti ns el, is almost always pronounced /ns/ with unvoiced /s/. Thisdoesn't apply to words that end in -ns, like pe ns or le ns(these have /nz/). Exceptions:clea ns e and pa ns y, which have/nz/. For some speakers, certain (but not necessarily all)words starting with "trans" such as tra ns it and tra ns itionhave /nz/.Word-internal -ls-, e.g. in el s e, pul s e, is almost always pronounced /ls/ with unvoiced /s/. This doesn't apply towords that end in -ls, like ee ls or stea ls (these have /lz/).Exception:pa ls y, which has /lz/.Word-internal -rs-, e.g. in pe rs ist, ve rs e, is almost always pronounced /rs/* with unvoiced /s/. This doesn'tapply to words that end in -rs, like sta rs or you rs (thesehave /rz/*).Based on identifying particular suffixes:The ending -sive is usually pronounced /s?v/ with voiceless /s/, even when there is a vowel letter immediately preceding the letter "s". For example, explo s ive, inva s ive, abu s ive, deri s ive are all pronounced with /s/.The ending -o s ity is always pronounced with voiceless /s/.名词复数后面s的发音规则一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。