北京师范大学1996年社会心理学考研试卷
北师大心理学考研题(1994--2005)0204192324
实验心理学 一 选择 略 二 简答 1.智商 130 以上为超常儿童，求其所占比例，写出推理过程 2.举一例相关关系，但非因果关系 3.标准分数与原始分数的优点 4.为什么假设检验中待检验假设为无差异假设 5.为什么方差分析能够分析出几个平均数的差异 6.指出 t=5.53，p 小于 0.05 的含义 7.举例说明被试内设计与被试间设计 8.举例无关变量的抵消 三 实验设计 略
Байду номын сангаас
验，为什么？ 6、 选择统计检验程序的方法应注意那些条件，才能正确应用统计方法分析问题 7、 什么测量和统计的原因导致两个变量的相关程度被低估 8、 举例阐述信号检测论在测量感受性方面的优势及其应用领域 9、 视觉实验研究中应注意那些额外变量，如何对这些变量进行有效控制 10、 简述反应时测量技术的基本思想及其在心理学研究中的应用 三、 论述题(3*20) 1、 使用传统心理物理方法常会产生哪些方面的误差，试分析可能影响获得可靠研究数据的因素 及解决方法 2、 在一个 2*3 的混合实验设计中，选择哪些统计方法对两个因素的数据变化趋势、因素主效应 和交互作用进行详 细和深入的分析，如果交互作用显著，应如何进行进一步分析，并对结果进行解释 3、 什么是常模参照测验和标准参照测验，并举例说明
四.论述情绪的认知理论。 五.论述影响性格形成的因素。 六.简述短时记忆和长时记忆的特点和差异
北师大考研试题（1998 年）
北师大心理学考研题(1994--2005)
北师大考研题（1994--2005）2005年北师大心理学理论试题一、概念题1、感觉剥夺2、离差智商3、视崖实验4、去中心化5、最近发展区6、皮格马利翁效应二、简答题1、试说明注意的概念及功能。
2、什么是问题解决中的算法式（algorithms）和启发式（heuristics）策略，请加以比较及分析。
3、什么是马赫带（mach band），如何解释。
4、用实验说明脑功能的一侧优势。
5、什么是“习惯化-去习惯化”研究方法？该方法对儿童心理发展的研究有何重要意义？6、简述加德纳（H.Gardner）的多元智力理论及其对教育的启示。
三、论述题1、简要说明内隐记忆的特点，你认为研究内隐记忆有什么重要意义？2、试举例分析新皮亚杰理论与传统皮亚杰理论的异同。
3、综合运用各种动机理论，谈谈如何激发学生的学习动机？2005研究方法试题一、选择：全面利用数据信息的统计量：百分位差、标准差、反映不同处理水平的变异：SSb、SSw、SSt、SSr看图：成熟效应主效应和交互作用符号检验法的特点二、简答：1、举例说明效标缺陷和标效？？2、平均数的显著性检验和平均数差异的显著性检验的区别联系三、论述：1、说明科学心理学产生之后心理学研究方法的发展四、实验：1、用信号检测论设计一个实验，……说明报准率、虚报率、判断标准对结果的影响2、设计一个多因素实验，要求有一个自变量与语言有关，一个自变量与语言无关，分别说明（有7个小问）（1）你研究的问题（2）自变量和因变量（3）变量控制（4）实验材料的处理（5）实验过程（6）数据的统计处理北师大2004年初试题心理学理论一、名词解释(3*10)脑成像技术特征觉察器激活扩散理论情绪智力发展任务客体永久性人格测验的q分类法心理理论顺应与同化维果斯基二、简答题1、朱智贤从那些方面对儿童心理的发展规律进行阐述，其主要观点是什么2、简述西方儿童心理学产生和发展的基本历史过程3、简述少年期的一般心理特点4、什么是晶体智力和流体智力？它们各自的基本发展轨迹是什么5、谈谈你对知识、技能和策略之间关系的认识6、说明学习迁移的共同要素说和产生式理论的异同7、根据班杜拉的社会学习理论，应如何进行品德培养三、论述题1、论述记忆研究的历史，并说明不同历史阶段记忆研究的侧重点2、说明语言加工的模块化观点和相互作用观点的主要分歧在哪里3、根据动机的认知理论，如何激发人们工作的动机4、与学习的联结理论和认知理论相比较，人本主义学习理论有何独特之处？这一理论对我国目前的教育教学改革有何启示5、从目标价值、内容体系和研究方法等方面谈谈你对发展心理学这门学科的认识心理学研究方法一、填空题（10’）1、平均数是反映一组数据——的最佳统计量2、在一组正态分布的数据中，标准差为——的百分位数是163、误差分为随机误差和——，它对测量的——有重要影响4、题目为选择题的测验，增加题目数量可以提高测验的——二、简答题(8*10’)1、什么是速度测验和难度测验？二者的主要区别是什么2、有人说：“t检验适用与样本容量小于30的情况，z检验适用与大样本检验。
北02047社会心理学(二) 历年真题1996-2016
1996年北京自考下半年“社会心理学”试题一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1、社会心理学与（生理心理学）心理学一起构成了心理学两大基础与支柱。
P42、个体社会化还有（改造）和（重建）的问题。
P273、按照作用可把动机分为（主导）动机和（一般）动机。
P574、海德把行为的原因归为（外）因和（内）因。
P865、凯尔曼认为态度的形成要经过（依从）、（认同）和（内化）三个阶段。
P996、社会测量结果的分析主要有三种方式，即（矩阵分析）、（图解分析）和（指数分析）。
P1317、爱情是最亲密的人际关系，它可分为（狂热式爱情）和（友谊式）爱情。
P1488、团体规范可以分为（正式规范）和（非正式）规范。
P1679、在研究中，梅约发现团体内的（社会心理因素）与（物质条件）一样，都影响职工的工作积极性，他据此提出了著名的人际关系理论。
10、谢力夫利用知觉错觉中的（游动）现象对从众现象进行了研究。
P195三、单选（每小题1分）1、期望理论是由美国心理学家（C）提出的。
P247A梅约 B马斯洛 C弗罗姆 D勒温2、（B）年被认为是社会心理学的开始P16A1936 B1908 C1895 D19123、狄恩等人于1972年对（D）效应进行了研究。
P80A首因 B近因 C定势 D晕轮4、（B）成分是态度的核心与关键。
P95A认知 B情感 C行为倾向 D价值5、多伊奇等人利用（A）研究了威胁对解决冲突的影响。
P154A卡车游戏 B囚犯两难情景 C逐渐回报策略 D协商策略6、崔普利特最早研究了（C）。
P184A社会抑制 B社会懈怠 C社会促进 D团体思维7、对服从的经典研究是由（D）做的。
P202A谢里夫 B阿希 C卡尔斯密斯 D米尔格拉姆8、（B）理论认为么个人既能受遵从行为的影响，又能受违规行为的影响。
P251A中和 B差异交往 C标定 D学习9、（D）是指由互相依赖、互相影响的成员结成的集合体。
P164A群众 B正式组织 C统计集合 D团体10、三度归因理论是由（A）提出的。
(NEW)北京师范大学心理学部《765心理学基础综合》历年考研真题汇编(含答案)
目 录2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题2016年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题答案2015年北京师范大学心理学部765心理学基础综合考研真题一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共180分）1．Psychology is considered as a science because it________.A．uses technology conduct researchB．has generated a series of proven theoriesC．conducts laboratory and basic research studiesD．uses a set of rules to gather and analyze information2．Suppose you were listening to a high-frequency tone. According to the place theory of pitch perception________.A．the entire basilar membrane will vibrate very quicklyB．the rate at which neurons fire codes the pitch ,so neurons will be firing rapidlyC．movement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the end of the cochlea （farthest away from the oval and round windows）D．movement of the basilar membrane should be greatest at the base of the cochlea （closest to the oval and round windows）3．The strongest form of the filter theory of attention was challenged when it was discovered that some listeners in dichotic listening task were________. A．unable to shadow personally relevant materialB．recalling things that should have been ignoredC．having trouble hearing their own nameD．totally filtering all ignored material4．Originally it takes a chemistry student 10 hours to learn to construct the periodic table of elements from memory. Just before her final exam it takes her 2 hours to relearn the table. Using the method that Ebbinghaus typically used to score memory performance, her________.A．loss score was 20 percentB．total study time was 12 hoursC．saving score was 80 percentD．recall quotient was 55．Since they began watching the news nightly on television, a couple has developed a fear of flying. They are convinced that many more people die in plane crashes than in automobile accidents. Their belief are most consistent with watch would be predicted by________.A．the representativeness heuristicB．anchoring biasC．the availability heuristicD．functional fixendness6．A member of the audience attending a lecture on the relationship between language and thought given by Edward Sapir and Benjamin lee Whorf would most likely hear them express the hypothesis that________.A．differences in language create differences in thoughtB．language and thought are not relatedC．language processes are primarily learned, while thought processes are primarily inbornD．each member of a language community thinks very differently from every other member of that same community7．A student believes that in order for him to do better in the next for Economisc he will have study harder, he is makinga（n）________attribution.A．stable internalB．stable externalC．unstable internalD．unstable external8．With respect to the role of cognitive appraisal in emotional experience. It is probably most reasonable to conclude that________.A．the research evidence shows that cognitive appraisal is not a valid phenomenonB．cognitive appraisal is an important process, but not the only one C．people first respond in stinctively, the search for cognitive explanations D．cognitive appraisal is of least valve in explaining responses to ambiguous or novel situations9．In his triarchic theory Robert Sternberg does notspecify________intelligence.A．componentialB．contexualC．experientialD．conversational10．Type and trait theories of personality has been criticized becausethey________.A．do not allow researchers to give concise descriptions of different peoples personalitiesB．do not identify characteristics that are correlated with behaviorC．do not generally explain how personality developsD．emphasize conflicting forces within the individual 11．Researchers use buffer item to control problems due to________. A．willingness to answerB．context effectsC．position preferenceD．social desirability12．How do quasi-experiments compare with laboratory experiments? A．Quasi-experiments achieve less realism.B．Quasi-experiments achieve lower internal validity.C．Both designs achieve comparable internal validity.D．Quasi-experiments achieve higher internal validity.13．When an experiment produces null results________.A．it shows that the dependent variable had no effect on the independent variableB．it show that the independent variable manipulation produced a change in the dependent variableC．it is possible that the effect of the independent variable occurred by chanceD．it is possible that the experimenter did not valid manipulation of the independent variable14．Between subject designs are often used in research on complex cognitive processes because________.A．they prevent the occurrence of carryover effectsB．they reduce the variability of observationsC．they require fewer participants compared to within-subject designs D．they increase our confidence in the reliability of the results15．A testable hypothesis________.A．specifics how two or more variables are relatedB．can be developed for variables that cannot be directly observed or manipulatedC．will tend to be supported by the obtained dataD．lacks measurable dependent variables16．In a completely counter-balanced experimental design________. A．each subject receives each treatment in the same orderB．each subject group receives a different treatmentC．the order of treatments is randomizedD．all possible treatment orders are used17．To which part or parts of neuron does the all or none lawapply________.A．axonsB．both axons and dendritesC．dendritesD．cell body18．What will affect the speed of an action potential?A．The strength of stimulus.B．The length of the axon.C．The resistances of the membrane.D．The time since the last action potential.19．Gary matter in the brain and spinal cord is mainly composed of what structures?A．Ganglia.B．Myelinated axons.C．Unmyelinated axons.D．Cell bodies and dendrites.20．Which of the following factions is important for neurons? A．Logic game.B．Having good teacher.C．Sterile environment.D．Physical outliving.21．What is one way to determine whether a given cell in primary visual cortex is “simple” or “complex”?A．The shape of its receptive field.B．Whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location. C．Whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular.D．Whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus.22．EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because________. A．neurons are becoming more desynchronizedB．the EEG measures muscle tension, which also deceaseC．neurons are becoming more synchronizedD．blood flow is increasing23．A peculiarity of the memory of the neurological patient H.M. was that he was able to________.A．find his way to a new residentB．remember peoples names but not which name went with which person C．retain skills but not remember having learned themD．form new long-memories but not short-term memories 24．Someone suffering from Wernicke’s aphasia has difficulty________. A．reading aloudB．understanding speechC．using prepositions and conjunctionsD．articulating speech25．Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic ofschizophrenia?A．Deterioration of everyday functioning.B．Delusions.C．Alternation between one personality and another.D．Impaired understanding of abstract concepts.26．A distribution which has a predominance of scores at the lower values of the distribution and which tails off at higher end is________. A．positively skewedB．negatively skewedC．normally distributedD．symmetrical27．The mean number of students in a classroom at a school is 32.5 and there are 25 classroom. The mean number of students at school B is 29.6 in 12 classrooms. At school C the mean in each class is 15.3 for 10 classrooms. What is the mean number of students per classroom for all the schools combined?A．1320.7B．28.1C．25.7D．28.728．If two variables are ratio scaled and the relationship is linear, what type of correction coefficient is most appropriate?A．PearsonB．SpearmanC．ETAD．PHI29．If we set alpha at 0.05 instead of 0.01, with other factors held constant, ________.A．we have a greater risk of a Type I errorB．we have a greater risk of a Type II errorC．we have a lower risk of a Type II errorD．A and C30．Which of the following may be false?A．alpha＋beta＝1B．power＋beta＝1C．1-power＝betaD．1-beta＝power31．Assuming that the population mean is 47.2 and the population deviation is 6.4, what is the Zobt value for a sample mean of 52.1 if N＝8?A．1.96B．2.17C．1.73D．0.7732．A key difference between the terms “psychological testing’’ and“psychological assessment” is that “psychological testing” refers to a process that________.A．involves more problem-solving than psychological assessmentB．is more technician-like than psychological assessmentC．was first described by Maloney and Ward in the mid-1970sD．is much broader in scope than psychological assessment33．The term “portfolio assessment” encompasses________.A．case study assessmentB．work sample assessmentC．behavioral assessmentD．all of the above34．Test scores are frequently expressed as numbers and statistical tools are frequently used to________.A．describe test scoresB．mark inferences form test scoresC．draw conclusions about test scoresD．all of the above35．A type of scale with a true zero point is________.A．an IQ scaleB．an ordinal scaleC．an interest scaleD．a ratio scale36．From which type of test administered to members of the general population would you LEAST expect the resulting data to be distributed normally?A．A test to measure the strength of one’s hand grip.B．A test to measure strength intelligence and fund of knowledge.C．A test to measure knowledge of psychometric principles.D．A test to measure self-esteem.37．In its plural form, “norms” is a term used in psychometrics to refer to the test performance data of________.A．people tested at a different time than another group of test takers B．test takes who constitute a control group in an experimentC．a particular group of test takers to be used for comparisonD．a sample of people with no prior training in the tested area38．In the language of psychometrics, reliability refers primarilyto________.A．expertise in measurementB．dependability in measurementC．speed of measurementD．consistency in measurement39．In the context of psychometrics error refers to the component of the observed score on an ability test that________.A．does not have to with the ability being measuredB．was distorted as a result of examiner errorC．may have been measured inaccurately for whatever reasonD．was administered solely for experimental reasons40．Coefficient alpha is conceptually________.A．the variance of all possible sources of error varianceB．the mean of all possible split-half correlationsC．the standard deviation of all possible sources of variationD．the estimate of inter-scorer reliability that is most robust41．Which is NOT a traditional component of the so-called Trinitarian view of validit?A．Face validity.B．Content validity.C．Criterion-related validity.D．Construct validity.42．Which is most useful in determining whether different items on a test are measuring the same thing?A．Co-validation.B．Cross-validation.C．Factor analysis.D．Test tryout.43．Which served as the basis for the Myers-Briggs Type indicator? A．The typology of John Holland.B．The typology of Carl Jung.C．The typology of Ray Roseman.D．The typology of Hippocrates.44．Which is NOT a response style?A．Semantic differential.B．Socially desirable responding.C．Overly positive.D．Acquiescence.45．It’s the degree to which an additional predictor explains something about the criterion measure not explained by predictors already in use. Itis________.A．concurrent validityB．incremental validityC．content validityD．construct validity46．An item characteristic curve is a graphic representation of________. A．test-taker responses to correct versus distracter alternatives B．characteristics of performance on orally administered versus paper-and-pencil testsC．characteristics of performance on written versus computer-administered testsD．test-taker ability plotted by probability of correct response47．Item sampling is a source of error variance within the contextof________.A．test constructionB．test administrationC．test scoringD．all of the above48．Nate received clothing as a gift from his grandmother, while internally he was disappointed, externally he smiled, thanked his grandmother and said “I really like shirts with dinosaurs!” What set of emotional rules has Nate learned?A．Emotional display rules.B．Emotional exhibition code.C．Social emotional code.D．Social rules.49．Jason is a 17-year-old who says “My parents are Republicans and so I’m a Republican; it’s just the way I grew up.” What identity status is he illustrating?A．Identity achievement.B．Identity foreclosure.C．Identity diffusion.D．Identity moratorium.50．Mia prefers to play with Barbie dolls and pretend to be a princess, rather than play with cars. She is displaying________.A．a gender-role stereotypingB．sex-role stereotypingC．a gender-typed pattern of behaviorD．gender preference51．Lisbeth’s mother said, “You bit your friend Shana. You made her cry because that hurts her body.” What is Lisbeth’s mother engaging in? A．Compassion explanation.B．Pro-social moral reasoning.C．Affective explanation.D．Sympathetic emotional arousal.52．Baumrind found that________parenting style was associated with adolescents who had poor self-control and engaged in drug use. A．authoritarianB．uninvolvedC．authoritativeD．permissive53．Research data in a child study determines that Emma is a child who received many nominations as a liked and many as a disliked individual. Emma would be classified as a（n）________.A．neglected childB．controversial childC．divisive childD．average-status child54．Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behavior. Which one of the following does qualify as learning?A．Changes caused by growing taller.B．Changes resulting from illness.C．Changes brought by experience.D．Changes resulting from drugs.55．Which one of the following is negative reinforcement?A．Reward such as gaining high grades.B．Punishment such as staying after school.C．Punishment such as no TV for a week.D．Escape such as excused from chores.56．Cognitive view of learning views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering and using knowledge. Which of the following is TRUE about cognitive view of learning?A．Believe reinforcement strengthens response.B．View learning as extending and transforming the understanding we already have.C．Assumptions about the new behaviors themselves learned.D．View learning as writing associations on the blank slates of our brains. 57．Which of the following stages is NOT one of the development of an automated skill?A．Cognitive.B．Associative.C．Autonomous.D．Practice.58．Which one of the following is the best for attaining knowledge retention and transfer?A．Reading text passages.B．Attending lectures.C．Participating in class discussions.D．Concept mapping activities.59．Critical thinking skills are useful in almost every life situation. Which one of the following critical thinking skills is about judging information related to the problem?A．Identify central issues or problems.B．Compare similarities and difference.C．Formulate appropriate questions.D．Distinguish among fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment.60．Which of the following is NOT true about deep learning?A．Learners relate new ideas and concepts to previous knowledge and experience.B．Learners integrate their knowledge into interrelated conceptual systems. C．Learners have difficulty making sense of new ideas that are different from what they encountered in the textbook.D．Learns reflect on their own understanding and their own process of learning.61．Which one of the following elements is NOT one which defines true cooperative learning?A．Face-to-face interaction.B．Competition.C．Individual accountability.D．Collaborative skills.62．External factors can affect student’s sense of efficacy for the task. Environmental and personal factors encourage students’ behaviors, and these behaviors also impact personal factors and social environment. Which theory can best interpret this?A．Behaviorist theory.B．Constructivist theory.C．Social cognitive theory.D．Social-cultural theory.63．All but which one of the following would be source of self-efficacy expectations?A．Instructional strategies.B．Mastery experiences.C．Arousal.D．Social persuasion.64．When Susan wanted to learn the arts, she sought challenges, persisted when she encountered difficulties, and felt better about her work. Can you judge which goal orientation is reflected in the example?A．Mastery goal.B．Performance goal.C．Work-avoidance goal.D．Social goal.65．Covington suggests that there are three kinds of motivational sets: mastery-oriented, failure-avoiding, and failure-accepting. Which one of the following is the failure-accepting students’ characteristics?A．An incremental view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; Expectation of failure.B．An entity view of ability; Self-defeating strategy; Expectation of failure. C．An entity view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; High fear of failure.D．An entity view of ability; Learned helplessness strategy; Expectation of failure.66．What is the aim of classroom management?A．To keep an orderly classroom.B．To establish the primacy of the teacher.C．To sustain a quiet and disciplined environment.D．To maintain a positive, productive learning environment.67．If you are a competent teacher, a student says to you, “That book you assigned is really stupid. I’m not reading it!” What should you say?A．I chose the book because it is the best example of the author’s style in our library.B．Did you really read it? I bet you didn’t do the work.C．Your job is to read the book not ask me why. I know what‘s best.D．You’re pretty upset. This seemed like a worthless assignment to you.68．Direct instruction is best used when teachers________.A．have their students explore numerous pathways to solve a mathematics problemB．encourage their students to refine their creativity in artC．assign critical thinking exercisesD．instruct basic skills69．Teachers sometimes make determinations about their students’ abilities based upon little evidence. When teachers expect their student will not do well, their words and actions can actually make that expectation come true regardless of the validity. This effect is referred to as________.A．sustaining expectation effectB．self-fulfilling prophecyC．supportive withdrawD．professional license70．Three years after Tom ended their relationship, Julie finally understood her grandmother’s words “Darling he did you a favor.” Which term best describes this?A．foresightB．hindsightC．hindranceD．foresight-behind sight71．The process of seeking out and interpreting situations so as to attain a positive view ofoneself is________.A．self-conceptB．self-indulgenceC．self-enhancementD．self-induced ideals72．Abbey has found that sometimes, men inappropriately attribute a woman’s friendliness toward them as expression of sexual interest in them. This can be seen as a________.A．misattributionB．friendly flirtationC．hostile attributional biasD．inaccurate intuition73．“It always rains after I wash the car.” This statement is an exampleof________.A．inferential statisticsB．the confirmation biasC．an illusory correlationD．a positive correlation74．People’s tendency to seek out, interpret, and otherwise filter information in ways that verify their existing beliefs is called________.A．framingB．self-preceptionC．the primacy effectD．confirmation bias75．Dissonance theory explains attitude________, while self-perception theory explainsattitude________.A．formation; changeB．incongruity; justificationC．change; formationD．Justification; incongruity76．When a person conforms gain acceptance, we say they are bowingto________.A．informational influenceB．qualitative influenceC．normative influenceD．proxima influence77．Groupthink is used to describe________.A．the positive aspects that occur when a group works togetherB．group dynamics that can interfere with group decision-making processes and can produce disastrous resultsC．when group member have in-jokes and give each other knowing glancesD．when group member are on the same wavelength and complete each others’ sentences78．Jeff’s neighbor yells and scream at him for not picking up the grass trimmings after Jeff mows the lawn. Jeff fells sorry for the man and doesn’t take it personally because he knows the neighbor is having a hard time in his life and the verbal rage reaction could be a sign of_______of aggression.A．catharsisB．displacementC．punctuationD．dissociation79．Which of the following is NOT one of Robert Sternberg’s components of love?A．Accompany.B．Intimacy.C．Passion.D．Commitment.80．Bystander inaction increases________.A．as the bystanders become more leisurelyB．as the bystanders are more observantC．as the number of bystanders increasesD．as the number of bystanders decreases81．In Zimbardo’s Prison Study, subjects were assigned to be either a prisoner or a guard. Things got out of hand rapidly, with “guards” treating “prisoners” sadistically. After the experiment ended, both group said the power of________.overtook them.A．slave laborB．the cultureC．their rolesD．the norms82．The typical profile or prototype of a disorder in the DSM-IV-TR AND ICD-10 reflects the________.A．treatments for mental disordersB．causes of mental illnessC．theoretical perspectives on abnormalityD．diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders83．Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced be many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a process referred to as________.A．multigenticB．polygenicC．unigenicD．morphogenic84．In trying to understand and help a person with a psychological problem, the mental health professional will obtain detained information about the person’s life as part of a________.A．mental status examB．clinical interviewC．brain scanD．physical exam85．People suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） may display all of the following symptoms, EXCEPT________. A．memories and nightmares of the eventB．numbing of emotional responsivenessC．decreased startle response and chronic under-arousalD．sudden ‘flashbacks’ in which the traumatic is relived86．Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder（GAD）?A．Worrying about minor daily events.B．Muscle tension.C．Mental agitation.D．Hypersomnia.87．Tap-Tap plays soccer for a big soccer club. He has completely lost his vision during the past year but medical experts can find no physical reason for his blindness. This could be an example of________.A．dissociative disorderB．somatization disorderC．conversion disorderD．hypochondriasis88．Unlike Schizophrenia or an eating disorder, personally disorders can be viewed as disorders of________.A．biology rather than learningB．learning rather than diseaseC．degree rather than kindD．functioning rather than disease89．Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use?A．Smoking a cigarette.B．Drinking a cup of coffee.C．Taking a sleeping pill.D．Getting drunk.90．Which of the following is characteristic of hebephrenia?A．Silly and immature behavior.B．Early madness.C．Alternating immobility and agitated excitement.D．Delusions of grandeur persecution.二、论述题（每小题30分，共120分）91．在知觉加工的早期阶段，知觉是局部优先，还是整体优先一直是科学界关心的问题。
北师大心理考研题库答案
北师大心理考研题库答案北京师范大学作为国内心理学研究的重要基地，其心理学考研题库涵盖了心理学的多个分支领域，包括但不限于基础心理学、应用心理学、发展与教育心理学等。
以下是一些可能的题目和答案示例，以供参考：一、单项选择题1. 心理学研究的首要任务是（）A. 描述心理现象B. 解释心理现象C. 预测心理现象D. 控制心理现象答案：A2. 弗洛伊德的精神分析理论认为，人的心理活动主要由哪三个结构组成？A. 意识、前意识、潜意识B. 认知、情感、意志C. 自我、超我、本我D. 感知、记忆、思维答案：C二、多项选择题1. 下列哪些属于心理学研究方法？A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 案例研究法答案：ABCD2. 以下哪些因素会影响个体的学习动机？A. 个人兴趣B. 成就需求C. 外部奖励D. 社会文化背景答案：ABCD三、简答题1. 简述马斯洛的需求层次理论。
答案：马斯洛的需求层次理论认为，人的需求可以分为五个层次，从低到高依次是生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。
只有当较低层次的需求得到满足后，个体才会追求更高层次的需求。
2. 什么是认知失调理论？答案：认知失调理论是由费斯汀格提出的，它认为当个体持有两个或多个相互矛盾的信念、态度或行为时，会产生一种心理不适感。
为了减少这种不适，个体可能会改变其信念或行为，使之一致。
四、论述题1. 论述情绪智力对个体社会适应的影响。
答案：情绪智力是指个体识别、理解、管理自己情绪以及他人情绪的能力。
高情绪智力的个体通常能够更好地调节自己的情绪反应，理解他人的情感需求，建立和维护人际关系，从而在社会适应中表现出更高的能力。
情绪智力与领导力、团队合作、冲突解决等社会技能密切相关，对个体的职业发展和个人幸福都有积极影响。
请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的北师大心理考研题库答案可能会有所不同。
考生应以官方发布的题库和教材为准，进行复习和准备。
北京师范大学社会心理学(含发展心理)1997真题
北京师范大学1997年硕士入学考试试题
专业：教育心理学科目：社会心理学（含发展心理）
（一）名词解释（每题3分）
1、归因
2、社会认知中的平均原则
3、预言的自我实现
4、核心品质
5、从众行为（conformity）和听众行为（compliance）
6、去个性化
7、认知不协调理论
8、挫折－侵犯假设
9、过度充分理由
10、囚犯困境游戏
（二）简答题（每题10分）
1.举例说明说服策略中的逐步升级法。
2.什么是依恋？它在儿童生活中的两个主要作用是什么？
3.简要介绍阿什（Asch）关于从众行为的经典实验研究。
（三）问答题（每题20分）
1.什么是生活助长和生活惰化现象？请以社会心理学实验研究为例给予解释。
2.请用两个主要心理学理论（如学习理论）解释亲社会行为是否会出现在一个人的行为中。
北师大心理考研题库
北师大心理考研题库北师大心理考研题库是为准备参加北京师范大学心理学专业研究生入学考试的学生所准备的一套试题集。
这些题目涵盖了心理学的多个分支领域，包括但不限于发展心理学、社会心理学、认知心理学、生物心理学、临床心理学等。
以下是一些模拟题目，供考生参考：1. 发展心理学：描述皮亚杰的认知发展理论中的四个阶段，并解释每个阶段的特点。
2. 社会心理学：解释社会认同理论，并举例说明它在群体冲突中的应用。
3. 认知心理学：阐述工作记忆的组成部分，并讨论它在问题解决中的作用。
4. 生物心理学：解释大脑的两个半球如何分工合作，以及这种分工对人类行为的影响。
5. 临床心理学：描述认知行为疗法的基本原理，并给出一个可能的治疗案例。
6. 统计与研究方法：解释相关性与因果性的区别，并讨论在心理学研究中如何区分两者。
7. 心理学史：简述弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，并评价其对现代心理学的影响。
8. 道德发展：描述科尔伯格的道德发展阶段理论，并讨论其在教育实践中的应用。
9. 学习理论：解释经典条件作用和操作条件作用的区别，并给出各自的例子。
10. 心理测量学：解释信度和效度的概念，并讨论它们在心理测试中的重要性。
11. 心理障碍：描述焦虑症的特点、成因以及可能的治疗方法。
12. 健康心理学：解释压力对身心健康的影响，并讨论应对策略。
13. 跨文化心理学：讨论文化因素如何影响个体的心理过程和行为。
14. 神经心理学：解释大脑损伤如何影响认知功能，并给出研究案例。
15. 人格心理学：描述大五人格理论，并讨论其在职业选择中的应用。
考生在准备考研时，应该系统地复习这些领域的基础知识，并通过做大量的练习题来提高解题能力。
同时，考生也应该关注最新的心理学研究动态，以便更好地理解心理学的前沿问题。
最后，希望所有考生能够通过努力和准备，在考研中取得优异的成绩。
记住，持续的学习和实践是提高心理学知识和技能的关键。
北京大学1996年心理学研究生真题
北京大学1996年心理学研究生真题普通心理学96年试卷一. 选择题:（2X20=40）1）行为主义认为:a. 为了认识行为必须研究神经系统b. 学习是动物行为最重要的方面c. 复杂的行为可以分为更为简单、基本的过程d. 所有的行为都可以描述为先天预成的2）桑代克认为奖赏可以加强S-R之间的联系，这种关系叫作:a. S-S 理论b. 操作条件作用的一般理论c. 效果率d. 强化梯度3）一位心理药物学家关心麻药对时间估计的影响，哪种强化程序最适合这一研究a. 固定比率b. 固定间隔c. 变化间隔d. 变化比率4）侧抑制是哪类现象的原因?a. 颜色视觉b.马赫带c. 浦金野d. 以上都对5）根据格式塔的观点，人们知觉的是（），而不是个别的网像点a. 图形的特征b. 封闭性c. 刺激间的关系d. 以上都对6）特殊神经能量规律的内容是:a. 不同感觉器要以不同强度的能量激活b. 不同的感觉经验是不同神经结构的结果c. 痛知觉知识触觉感受器过载的结果d. 以上都不对7）形状知觉a.涉及到无意识推理b. 受到眼睛运动的防碍c. 设及知觉这的主观构造d. A和Be. A和C8）有关学习对独特的刺激进行反应的能力叫作a.刺激特异性b. 泛化c. 辨别d. 反应特异性9）感觉记忆与短时记忆的一个区别是a. 感觉记忆不使用声音编码b. 感觉记忆存贮的信息不全受新信息的干扰c. 短时记忆不易消退d. 以上都不对10) 给被试念七个单词，10秒钟后被试重复时，更容易把第3个单词”hat”错说成:a. capb. headc. clothingd. bat11)负迁移最容易发生在下列哪种情景中:a. 先学A-B,在学A-Cb.先学A-B,在学C-Bc. 先学A-B,在学C-Dd. 先学钢琴，再学风琴12) 心里旋转能力的证据之一来自对（）的分析a. 反应时b.表象评定c. 错误分析d.以上都不对13) 无表象思维a. 即使有鲜明生动的表象能力的人也不具备b.不存在c. 是无词。
北京师范大学教育心理学历年考研真题(1995-2005)
10.社会学习理论
(二)简答题(30分)
1. 如何正确看待学校教育中的惩罚问题。(7分)
2. 实际教育工作中，如何应用有意义学习的不断分化(progressive differentiation)与综合贯通(integrative reconciliation)的原则。(7分)
8、简述成人晚期智力退化问题9简述有关语言发展内在机制的理论
三、论述题
1、用实例说明为什么知觉要比感觉复杂得多?
2、请综合分析人在推理过程中发生错误的可能原因
3、内隐记忆与外显记忆的不同表现在那些方面
4、结合小学儿童注意发展特点，谈谈你对小学教学的建议
5、试论述如何运用行为主义理论去改变儿童的攻击性行为。
3. 学习定势(learning set)
4. 学习迁移的关系转换理论(transposition theory of learning transfer)
5. 任务分析(task analysis)
6. 控制点(locus of control)
7. 桑代克的学习律
8. 内在动机与外在动机
如何运用奥苏伯尔的认知同化论来分析教学任务?
(四)下面一段教材选自小学数学课本(六年制)第九册。请你运用教育心理学中知识掌握的原理对立进行分析,并写出简要教案。
3.梯形的认识
登高用的梯子、堤坝和沟渠的横截面等，都是只有一组对边平行的四边形。
只有一组对边平行的四边形叫做梯形。在梯形里，互相平行的一组对边，分别叫做梯形的上底和下底;不平行的一组对边叫做梯形的腰，从上底的一点向下底引一条垂线，这点到垂足间的线段叫做梯形的高。
1、无意识 2、声音的掩蔽 3、驱力 4、内倾性 5、行为的塑造 6、首要特质 7、内导信息 8、离差智商
北京师范大学1998年社会心理学考研试题
北京师范大学1998年社会心理学考研试题专业方向：教育心理学；科目：社会心理学〔一〕概念与知识〔1分×25题〕1、印象管〔impression management〕2、近因效应〔recency effect〕3、自我效劳〔self-serving attribution〕4、宣泄〔catharsis〕5、社会学习理论〔social learning theory〕6、归因理论〔attribution theory〕7、留面子效应〔door-in-the- face technique〕8、移情〔empathy〕9、挫折〔frustration〕10、内群体偏见〔ingroup bias〕11、基率缪误〔base-rate fallacy〕12、标准从众〔normative conformity〕13、随机抽样〔random sample〕14、社会交换论〔social-exchange theory〕15、自我监控〔self-monitoring〕16、角色〔role〕17、斯金纳〔B.F.Skinner〕18、津巴多〔P.Zimbado〕19、米尔格莱姆〔gram〕22、内省〔introspection〕23、自我肯定理论〔self-affirmation theor〕24、自我图式〔self-schemas〕25、行为遗传学〔behavioral genetics〕〔二〕简答题〔10分×3题〕1. 角色扮演技术已被证明是一种良好的行为改变技术，请分析这种技术发挥作用的心理机制。
2. 简述角色扮演理论的主要观点。
社会心理学的实验证明，人在实验条件下有着高度服从命令侵犯别人的危险倾向，请分析存在这种倾向的原因。
〔三〕论述题〔共45分〕1. 举一实例说明人际交往中的竞争优势现象，并从社会心理学角度说明这种现象存在的心理原因。
〔20分〕选择你所读过的有代表性的一篇社会心理学论文、研究报告或著作进行有利有据的评价。
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北京师范大学1996年社会心理学考研试卷
专业：教育心理；考试科目：社会心理学
（一）概念题
1.镜像自我（LOOKING-GLASS SELF）
2.社会测量(SOCIOMETRY)
3.角色创造(ROLE-MAKING)
4.旁观者效应(BYSTANDER EFFECT)
5.启动效应(PRIMING DFFECT)
6.自我同一性(SELF-IDENTITY)
7.宣泄(CAGHARSIS) 8.社会责任规范(SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY NORM)
9.自我实现预言(SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY)
10.个性心理学(PSYCHOLOGY OF PERONALITY)
（二）简答题(每题10分)
1. 简述自我知觉理论(SELF-PERCEPTION THEORY),并举例说明.
2. 什么是过度理由效应（OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT）
3. 请说明现场研究（包括现场实验）方法在社会心理学研究中的特殊地位。
（三）论述题(每题20分)
1. 试以社会学习观点的社会化理论，分折儿童发展过程中应如何进行亲社会行为（PRO- SOCIAL BEHAVIOR）的培养。
2. 最新的全国性研究表明，80%以上的人感到当今人们的人际关系变得比过去冷漠与困难请分析主生这种现象的原因。