高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营(一)

高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营(一)

在做句子翻译练习时，我们常见一个汉语句子有多种英译法。其表达意义几乎相同。这种近似句的翻译大致可从以下几个方面来考虑。

利用复合句与简单句之间的关系来表达

通过使用分词、不定式、动名词、名词词组、形容词短语、介词短语或独立主格结构等来化简从句，从而达到另一种翻译形式。例如：

1．现在正在建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室。

The house which is being built now will be our bedroom．

The house being built now will be our bedroom．（现在分词短语代替了定语从句）

2．去年建造的那幢房子是我们的寝室。

The house which was built last year is our bedroom．

The house built last year is our bedroom．（过去分词短语代替了定语从句）

3．下个月将建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室。

The house which will be built next month will be our bedroom．

The house to be built next month will be our bedroom．（不定式短语代替了定语从句）

4．她生病使得她母亲担心。

That she was ill made her mother worried．（＝It made her mother worried that she was ill．）Her being ill made her mother worried．（动名词短语代替了主语从句）

Her illness made her mother worried．（名词词组代替了主语从句）

5．我们都知道，她是诚实的。

That she is honest is well known to us．（＝It is well known to us that she is honest．）

Her honesty is well known to us．（名词词组代替了主语从句）

6．我们掌握一门外语是必要的。

It is necessary that we master a foreign language．

It is necessary for us to master a foreign language．（不定式短语代替主语从句）

7．战士应该是不怕死的人。

Soldiers must be people who are not afraid of death．

Soldiers must be people not afraid of death．（形容词短语代替了定语从句）

8．他在三岁的时候就能讲点英语。

When he was three years old，he could speak a little English．

At the age of three，he could speak a little English．（介词短语代替了状语从句）

9．由于是星期天，所以图书馆关闭着。

As it was Sunday，the library was closed．

It being Sunday，the library was closed．（独立主格结构代替了状语从句）

10．一个五岁的孩子在外面哭。

A child，who is five years old，is crying outside．

A five-year-old child is crying outside．（合成形容词代替了定语从句）

高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（二）

利用同义词（或词组）与反义词（或词组）之间的关系表达

通过使用动词（或形容词、名词、介词、副词等）的同义词或者它们的反义词的否定形式也可来表达相同的意思。例如：

1．这儿发生什么事？What is going on here？What is happening here？

What is taking place here？What is occurring here？

很明显，上述四句中的go on，happen，take place和occur均意为“发生”，除此之外，还译为：What's on here？What's the matter？What's the trouble？What's wrong？

Is there anything wrong？Is anything the matter？Is there anything on？

2．我父亲不在家。My father is out．My father is not in．My father is not at home．

My father is away from home．

3．老李什么时候到达上海的？When did Lao Li get to Shanghai？

When did Lao Li arrive in Shanghai？When did Lao Li reach Shanghai？

4．他难教。To teach him is difficult．（＝It is difficult to teach him．）

To teach him is not easy．（＝It is not easy to teach him．）He is not easily taught．

He is not easy ／difficult ／hard to teach．He is a difficult student to teach．

He is a student difficult to teach．

5．史密斯先生为他的字迹而感到自豪。

Mr Smith takes pride in his good handwriting．Mr Smith is proud of his good handwriting．

Mr Smith feels proud of his good handwriting．Mr Smith prides himself on his good handwriting．Mr Smith is pleased about his good handwriting．

Mr Smith is satisfied about his good handwriting．

高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（三）

6．我们必须马上走了。We must be off at once．We must be off immediately．

We must be off right away．We must be off right now．We must be off presently．

We must be off in no time．We must be off in a little while．

7．大量的水被净化。Much water is made clean．A great deal of water is made clean．

A large amount of water is made clean．A lot of water is made clean．

Lots of water is made clean．Plenty of water is made clean．A large quantity of water is made clean．Large quantities of water is made clean．

8．我伯伯四十多岁了。My uncle is over forty years old．My uncle is more than forty years old．My uncle is below fifty．My uncle is in his forties．My uncle is above forty．

My uncle is a man above forty．My uncle is over forty years of age．

9．听到这个消息时，我们不禁笑了。We couldn't help laughing at this news．

We couldn't avoid laughing at the news．We couldn't resist laughing at the news．

We couldn't keep from laughing at the news．We couldn't stop from laughing at the news．

We couldn't prevent from laughing at the news．We couldn't but laugh at the news．

10．他一两天就会回来。He will be back in one or two days．

He will come back in a day or two．He will return in a day or two．He is coming back in one or two days．高考英语写作翻译技巧集中营（四）

利用“构词法”的形式来表达