国际经济学第九版英文课后答案 第9单元

*CHAPTER 9

(Core Chapter)

NONTARIFF TRADE BARRIERS AND THE NEW PROTECTIONISM OUTLINE

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Import Quotas

9.2a Effects of an Import Quota

Case Study 9-1: The Economic Effects of the U.S. Quota on Sugar Imports

9.2b Comparison of an Import Quota to an Import Tariff

9.3 Other Nontariff Barriers and the New Protectionism

9.3a Voluntary Export Restraints

Case Study 9-2: Voluntary Export Restraints on Japanese Autos to the United States

9.3b Technical, Administrative, and Other Regulations

9.3c International Cartels

9.3d Dumping

Case Study 9-3: Antidumping Measures in Force in 2004

9.3e Export Subsidies

Case Study 9-4: Agricultural Subsidies in Developed Nations

Case Study 9-5: Countervailing Measures in Force in 2004

Case Study 9-6: The Pervasiveness of Nontariff Barriers

9.4 The Political Economy of Protectionism

9.4a Fallacious and Questionable Arguments for Protection

9.4b Infant-Industry and Other Qualified Arguments for Protection

9.4c Who Gets Protected?

Case Study 9-7: Welfare Effects on the U.S. Economy of Removing All Import

Restraints

Case Study 9-8: Effects on the World Economy of Removing All Import

Restraints

9.5 Strategic Trade and Industrial Policies

9.5a Strategic Trade Policy

9.5b Strategic Trade and Industrial Policies with Game Theory

9.5c The U.S. Response to Foreign Industrial Targeting and Strategic Trade

Policy

9.6 History of U.S. Commercial Policy

9.6a The Trade Agreements Act of 1934

9.6b The General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

9.6c The 1962 Trade Agreements Act and the Kennedy Round

9.6d The Trade Reform Act of 1974 and the Tokyo Round

9.6e The 1984 and 1988 Trade Acts

9.7 The Uruguay Round and Outstanding Trade Problems

9.7a The Uruguay Round

Case Study 9-9: Gains from the Uruguay Round

Case Study 9-10: The Multilateral Rounds of Trade Negotiations

9.7b Outstanding Trade Problems

Case Study 9-11: Benefits from a “Likely” Doha Scenario

Appendix: A9.1 Centralized Cartels

A9.2 International Price Discrimination

A9.3 Tariffs, Subsidies and Domestic Goals

Key Terms

Quota Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 Nontariff trade barrier (NTBs) Trade Agreements Act of 1934

New protectionism Most-favored-nation principle

Voluntary export restraints (VERs) Bilateral Trade

Technical, administrative, and General Agreement on Tariff and

other regulations Trade (GATT)

International cartel Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Dumping International Trade Organization (ITO) Persistent dumping Peril-point provisions

Predatory dumping Escape clause

Sporadic dumping National security clause

Trigger-price mechanism Trade Expansion Act of 1962

Export subsidies Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) Export-Import bank Kennedy Round

Foreign Sales Corporations Trade Reform Act of 1974 Countervailing duties (CVDs) Tokyo Round

Scientific tariff Trade and Tariff Act of 1984

Infant-industry argument Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988

Strategic trade policy Uruguay Round

Industrial Policy World Trade Organization (WTO)

Game theory Globalization

Anti-Globalization Movement

Lecture Guide:

1.This is an important core chapter examining some of the most recent

developments in international trade policy.