考研专用 美国文学整理

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(完整)美国文学复习整理

(完整)美国文学复习整理

美国文学复习整理一、殖民主义时期的文学(colonial settlements)&理性和革命时期文学(revolutionary period)(文艺复兴时期)1.清教主义的shaping influence2.代表人物“T he Tenth Muse”第一位移民诗人2. Philip Freneau 菲利普·佛瑞诺有宗教隐喻,关注本土地貌、人文.写印第安人故事。

美国诗歌之父 father of American poetry代表作《野金银花》The Wild Honey Suckle3。

Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊起草了独立宣言 The Declaration of Independence 17764.Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩因拥护独立宣言代表作:《常识》Common Sense《理性时代》The Age of Reason5.Jonathan Edwards乔纳森·埃德沃兹大觉醒运动的代表人物 the Great Awakening6.Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林代表作:《自传》The Autobiography《穷理查德历书》Poor Richard's Almanac美国梦的代表二.浪漫主义时期的文学(American Romanticism)早期浪漫主义(Early Romantic Period)1.背景:1> 时间:18世纪末到内战爆发前夕(1861)2> 条件:○1国家的快速发展,大量移民和工业化发展错误!小说的发展,期刊杂志(periodical)出现错误!受英国文学的影响2.浪漫主义的基本特征1>Stressing emotion rather than reason2>Stressing freedom and individuality3>Idealism rather than materialism4>Writing about nature, medieval legends(中世纪传说)and with supernaturalelements。

英美文学考研复习资料重要作品整理文学流派解析

英美文学考研复习资料重要作品整理文学流派解析

英美文学考研复习资料重要作品整理文学流派解析英美文学是世界上最为重要的文学流派之一,它涵盖了从古典到现代的各种文学作品。

本文将为您整理英美文学考研复习资料中的一些重要作品,并对其中代表性的文学流派进行解析。

一、文学流派解析1. 古典主义文学古典主义文学是英美文学史上的重要流派之一,其诞生于17世纪,充分借鉴了古希腊罗马文学的风格和理念。

代表作品包括约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》,这部史诗被视为英国文学史上最伟大的作品之一,展现了古典主义文学的典型特征。

2. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于18世纪末至19世纪初,追求个性、情感和自然的恢弘力量。

其中的重要作品有威廉·华兹华斯的《賓納山诗集》和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的《孤独的旅行者》,这两部作品以描绘自然风光和表达人内心情感为主要特点。

3. 现实主义文学现实主义文学盛行于19世纪中叶至20世纪初,追求真实和客观的描写方式,反映社会问题和人民生活。

查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》和托马斯·哈代的《傲慢与偏见》是现实主义文学的代表作品,揭示了当时英美社会的不公与剥削。

4. 自然主义文学自然主义文学是现实主义文学的延伸,强调人的行为和命运受到自然和社会环境的决定。

斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《追逐》和杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》是自然主义文学的经典之作,通过对人性的观察呈现了残酷的现实。

5. 现代主义文学现代主义文学兴起于20世纪初,以对传统文学形式的反叛和对意识流的运用为特点。

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》和詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》是现代主义文学中的杰作,以其独特的叙事结构和思想深度引领了当时文学的新潮流。

二、重要作品整理1. 威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的戏剧之一,被誉为西方文学史上最伟大的作品之一。

它通过对主人公哈姆雷特的心理描写,探讨了复仇、死亡和道德的问题,展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧艺术和人物塑造能力。

考研专用美国文学整理

考研专用美国文学整理

美国文学作家作品美国文学作家作品一、一、 the Colonial Period: 殖民地时期殖民地时期殖民地时期 1、Captain John Smith 约翰约翰史密斯船长斯船长 A Map of Virginia 《弗吉尼亚的地图《弗吉尼亚的地图 》 Description of New England 《新英格兰记》《新英格兰记》 2、Anne Anne Bradstreet Bradstreet 安妮.布拉兹特里特特里特 The Tenth Muse Lately sprung up in America Contemplation 《沉思》《沉思》Upon the Burning of our House 《火烧房子》《火烧房子》3、Edward Taylor 爱德华.泰勒泰勒 Huswifery 4、Roger Williams 罗杰.威廉威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience 5、John Woolman 约翰.乌尔曼乌尔曼 Some considerations on the Keeping of Negroes A Plea for the Poor 6、Philip Freneau 菲利普.弗瑞诺弗瑞诺 The Rising Glory of America 《美洲光辉的升起》《美洲光辉的升起》The Wild Honey Suckle 《野金银花》《野金银花》二、二、 American Revolution :美国革命时期美国革命时期1、 Jonathan Edwards 爱德华兹爱德华兹 The Freedom of the Will 《自由意志》《自由意志》The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《大原罪的教义辩护》教义辩护》Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 《愤怒的上帝手中的罪人》的罪人》2、 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.富兰克林富兰克林The Poor Richard ’s Almanac 《格言历书》《格言历书》 Autography 《自传》《自传》 The Way to Wealth 致富之道;致富之道; 3、Thomas Paine 托马斯•潘恩托马斯•潘恩 Common Sense 《常识》《常识》American Crisis 《美国危机》《美国危机》The age of reason 《理性时代》《理性时代》The rights of man 《人的权利》《人的权利》The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;税务员问题;Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃;专制体制的崩溃;三、三、 American Romanticism 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学 1、 Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文欧文 A history of New York 《纽约外史》《纽约外史》美国人写的第一部美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》《见闻札记》Rip V an Winkle 《瑞普.凡.温克尔》温克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷的传奇》使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄;布雷斯布里奇田庄; Talks of Travellers 旅客谈;旅客谈;The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉阿尔罕伯拉2、 James James Fennimore Fennimore Fennimore Cooper Cooper 詹姆士.芬尼莫尔.库珀库珀The Spy 《间谍》《间谍》The Pilot 领航者; The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子系列》《皮袜子系列》包括包括 Deerslayer 《杀鹿者》《杀鹿者》Pathfinder 《探索者》《探索者》The Last of the Mohigan 《最后的马西坎》《最后的马西坎》Prairie 《大草原》《大草原》The Pioneers 《开拓者》《开拓者》3、 Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生夫•瓦尔多•爱默生 Essays 散文集:Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书; The American Scholar 论美国学者; Divinity;神学神学The Oversoul 论超灵; Self-reliance 论自立; The Transcendentalist 超验主义者; Representative Men 代表人物; English Traits 英国人的特征; School Address 神学院演说神学院演说Concord Hymn 康考德颂; The Rhodo 杜鹃花; The Humble Bee 野蜂; Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河首开自由诗之先河4、 Henry Henry David David David Thoreau Thoreau 亨利•大卫•梭罗大卫•梭罗A week on the Concord and Merrimack River 《康科德和梅里马克河上一周》《康科德和梅里马克河上一周》Civil Disobedience 《论公民的不服从》《论公民的不服从》Walden 《瓦尔登湖》《瓦尔登湖》 5、 Nathaniel Nathaniel Hawthorn Hawthorn 纳撒尼尔•霍桑尔•霍桑 Twice-Told Tales 《重讲一遍的故事a collection of short stories 》Mosses From an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》《古屋青苔》The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》《福谷传奇》《福谷传奇》 Yong Goodman Brown 《年轻的小伙子布朗》《年轻的小伙子布朗》The Minister ’s Black V eil 《教长的黑面纱》《教长的黑面纱》Dr.Rappaccini ’s Daughter 《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》House of Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》《七个尖角阁的房子》The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》 6、 Herman Herman Melville Melville 赫尔曼•麦尔维尔尔维尔Typee 《泰比》《泰比》Omoo 《奥穆》《奥穆》Mardi 《玛地》《玛地》Redburn 《莱德伯恩》《莱德伯恩》White Jacket 《白外套》《白外套》The Confidence Man 《邪盗魅影》《邪盗魅影》《邪盗魅影》 Billy budd 《比利•巴德》《比利•巴德》Bartleby 《老板是空气》《老板是空气》Benito Cereno 《班尼托.西兰诺》西兰诺》Moby Dick 《大白鲸》《大白鲸》Pierre 皮尔埃; Piazza 广场故事; 7、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加埃德加.爱伦.坡(A poet of first rank) (以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)叶芝) Sonnet —to science 《十四行诗—致科学》《十四行诗—致科学》 Israfel 《伊兹拉菲尔》《伊兹拉菲尔》To Helen 《献给海伦》《献给海伦》 The city in the sea The Raven 《乌鸦》《乌鸦》Fiction: The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》《厄舍古屋的倒塌》Black Cat 《黑猫》《黑猫》The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》《红色死亡的化妆舞会》The Cask of Amontillado Foe 《一桶酒的故事》《一桶酒的故事》 Ligeie 《利盖娅》《利盖娅》The Purloined Letter 《被窃的信件》《被窃的信件》《被窃的信件》 The Gold Bud 《金甲虫》《金甲虫》《金甲虫》 The Murders in the Rue Morque 《莫格街凶杀案》《莫格街凶杀案》Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 《怪诞和阿拉伯风格的故事》《怪诞和阿拉伯风格的故事》8、 Harriet Harriet Beecher Beecher Beecher Stowe Stowe 哈里特.比彻.斯托夫人斯托夫人 Uncle Tom ’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》《汤姆叔叔的小屋》 9、 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗朗费罗 V oices of the Night 《夜之声》《夜之声》Hiawatha 《海华沙之歌》《海华沙之歌》Evangeline 《伊凡吉林姑娘》《伊凡吉林姑娘》The Courtship of Miles Standish 《斯坦迪什求婚记》《斯坦迪什求婚记》A Psalm of Life 《人生颂》《人生颂》10、 Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼 Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》《草叶集》《草叶集》 Song of Myself 《自我之歌》《自我之歌》《自我之歌》 I hear America singing 《我听见美国在歌唱》《我听见美国在歌唱》Out of Cradle Endlessly Rocking 《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》的摇篮里》When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d 《当紫丁香最近在庭园开放的时候》《当紫丁香最近在庭园开放的时候》11、 E mily Dickinson 艾米丽.狄金森狄金森At last to pray is left 《至少还可以做祈祷》《至少还可以做祈祷》Because I could not stop for death 《因为我没有静等死》《因为我没有静等死》I heard a fly buzz —when I dead 《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》声》Wild nights —wild nights 《暴风雨夜,暴风雨夜》暴风雨夜》I’ll tell you how sun riseThese are the days when birds come back Apparently with no surprise To fight aloud A triumph may be The beggar lad dies early 《讨饭的小伙子夭折了》《讨饭的小伙子夭折了》If I can stop one heart from breaking I died for beauty 《我为美丽而死》《我为美丽而死》 四、四、 the age of realism 现实主义时期现实主义时期1、 Mark Twain 马克吐温吐温The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》《镀金时代》《镀金时代》 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索亚历险记》索亚历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克.费恩历险记》费恩历险记》Head Wilson 《傻瓜威尔逊》《傻瓜威尔逊》Life on the Mississippi 《在密西西比河上》《在密西西比河上》 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》The Mysterious Stranger 《神秘的陌生人》《神秘的陌生人》《神秘的陌生人》 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court 《在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》The Prince and the Pauper 《主子与贫儿》《主子与贫儿》The Treaty With China 《与中国的条约》《与中国的条约》 To the Person sitting in Darkness 《给坐在黑暗中的人》《给坐在黑暗中的人》 2、 William William Dean Dean Dean Howells Howells 威廉.迪恩.豪威尔斯豪威尔斯 The Rise of Silas Laphum 《赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》拉帕姆的发迹》 A Modern Instance 《现代婚姻》《现代婚姻》《现代婚姻》 3、 Henry James 亨利.詹姆斯詹姆斯 Daisy Miller 《黛西.米勒》米勒》The Portrait of a Lady 《一位女士的肖像》《一位女士的肖像》The American 《美国人》《美国人》 The Ambassadors 《专使》《专使》The Golden Bowl 《金碗》《金碗》《金碗》 The Wings of the Dove 《鸽翼》《鸽翼》五、五、 American Naturalism 美国自然主义文学美国自然主义文学1、 Stephen Stephen Crane Crane 斯蒂芬.克莱恩莱恩Maggie : A Girl of the Street 《街头女郎梅季》《街头女郎梅季》The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》《红色英勇勋章》Open Boat 《海上扁舟》《海上扁舟》Blue Hotel 《蓝色旅馆》《蓝色旅馆》The Experiment in Misery 2、 Frank Frank Norris Norris 弗兰克.莫里斯MC Teague 《麦克提格》《麦克提格》 The Octopus 《鲸鱼》《鲸鱼》 The pit 《深渊》《深渊》 3、 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱赛德莱赛 Cowperwood trilogy 《欲望三部曲》《欲望三部曲》 1) The Financier 《金融家》《金融家》2) The Titan 《巨人》《巨人》3) The stoic 《斯多葛》《斯多葛》Autobiography : The Genius 《天才》《天才》An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》《美国悲剧》《美国悲剧》 Masterpiece : Sister Carrie 《嘉丽妹妹》《嘉丽妹妹》Second novel : Jennie Gerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》《珍妮姑娘》4、 Jack London 杰克.伦敦伦敦 The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》《野性的呼唤》White Fang 《白牙》《白牙》The Sea Wolf 《海狼》《海狼》 Martin Eden 《马丁.伊登》伊登》5、 O Henry 欧.亨利亨利 The Gift of Magi 《麦琪的礼物》《麦琪的礼物》The Cop and the Anthem 《警察和赞美诗》《警察和赞美诗》6、 Uptown Sinclair 辛克莱辛克莱The Jungle 《丛林》《丛林》7、 Edwin Edwin Arlington Arlington Arlington Robinson Robinson 埃德温阿林顿罗宾逊罗宾逊 Man against the Sky 《天边人影》《天边人影》 六、六、 modernism in the early 20th century 现代主义时期现代主义时期1、 Ezra Ezra Pound Pound 埃兹拉.庞德庞德Hugh Selwyn Mauberly 《休《休.希尔文.毛伯莱》毛伯莱》 Cantos 《诗章》《诗章》 2、 Hilda Doolittle 希尔达.杜丽特尔杜丽特尔 Sea Garden Collected Poems (Dread ;Pear Tree ;Orchard) The Walls Do Not Fall 《战争诗三部曲》《战争诗三部曲》 Tribute to the Angels The Flowering of the Rod Tribute to Freud Ellen in Egypt 3、 Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马托马斯.斯蒂恩斯.艾略特艾略特 The Love song of J.Alfred Prufrock 《杰.阿尔福瑞德.普鲁弗洛克的情诗》普鲁弗洛克的情诗》The Waste Land 《荒原》《荒原》Poems: The Waste Land Hollow Man 《透明人》《透明人》Ash Wednesday 《圣灰星期三》《圣灰星期三》Four Quarters 《四个四重奏》《四个四重奏》Plays: Murder in the Cathedral 《大教堂谋杀案》《大教堂谋杀案》Sweeney Agonistes The Cocktail Party 《鸡尾酒会》《鸡尾酒会》《鸡尾酒会》 The Confident Clerk Critical essays 《评论集》《评论集》The Scared Wood Essays on Style and Order 《风格与秩序论文集》《风格与秩序论文集》Elizabethan Essays The Use of Poetry and The Use of Criticisms After Strange Gods 《拜异教神》《拜异教神》《拜异教神》 4、 Wallace Stevens 华莱士.斯蒂文斯斯蒂文斯 Anecdote of the Jar 《罐子的传说》《罐子的传说》Sunday Morning 《星期天的早晨》《星期天的早晨》The Emperor of Ice-Cream 《冰淇淋皇帝》《冰淇淋皇帝》5、 Williams Carlos Williams Paterson 《帕特生》《帕特生》卡洛斯.威廉斯威廉斯The Red Wheelbarrow 《红色手推车》《红色手推车》《红色手推车》 Spring and All 《春天和全部》《春天和全部》《春天和全部》 6、 Robert Robert Frost Frost 罗伯特弗罗斯特斯特 Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening 《雪夜林边驻脚》《雪夜林边驻脚》A Boy ’s Will 《少年意志》《少年意志》West —Running Brook 《西去的溪流》《西去的溪流》A Further Range 《又一片牧场》《又一片牧场》《又一片牧场》 After Apple —Picking 《摘苹果之后》《摘苹果之后》The Birches 《白桦树》《白桦树》Mending Wall 《修墙》《修墙》 Nothing Good Can Stay The Road Not Taken 《未选择的路》《未选择的路》Fire and Ice 《火与冰》《火与冰》《火与冰》 Once by the Pacific 7、 Carl Carl Sandburg Sandburg 卡尔.桑德堡 Cornhuskers 《剥玉米机》《剥玉米机》 Smoke and Steel 《烟与钢》《烟与钢》《烟与钢》 Good Morning, America 《早安,美国》《早安,美国》《早安,美国》 The People, yes Fog Lost 《失落》《失落》Chicago 《芝加哥》《芝加哥》8、 E.E.Cummings 肯明斯肯明斯 Tulips and Chimney 《郁金香和烟囱》《郁金香和烟囱》《郁金香和烟囱》 The Enormous Room 《大房间》《大房间》《大房间》 Chanson Innocenter O Sweet Spontaneous 9、 Hart Crane 哈特.克兰克兰 V oyage The Bridge 10、 F . Scott Fitzgerald 菲兹杰拉德菲兹杰拉德 This Side of Paradise 《人间天堂》《人间天堂》 Tender Is the Night 《夜色温柔》《夜色温柔》The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》 The Beautiful and Damned 《美丽的与遭诅咒的》《美丽的与遭诅咒的》All the Sad Young Men 《所有悲伤的年轻人》《所有悲伤的年轻人》Taps at Reveille The Last Tycoon 《最后的巨头》《最后的巨头》The Crack-up 11、 E rnest Hemingway 欧内斯特.海明威海明威 The Sun Also Rise 《太阳照常升起》《太阳照常升起》 Farewell to Arms 《永别了,武器》《永别了,武器》《永别了,武器》 For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》《丧钟为谁而鸣》 The Torrents of Spring 《春天的急流》《春天的急流》 The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》《老人与海》 In Our Time 《在我们的时代里》《在我们的时代里》《在我们的时代里》 Men Without Women 《没有女人的男人》《没有女人的男人》 Winner Take Nothing 《胜者无所得》《胜者无所得》 12、 Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio 《小城畸人》《小城畸人》舍伍德.安德森安德森 The Triumph of the Eggs 《鸡蛋的胜利》《鸡蛋的胜利》Death in the Woods 《林中之死》《林中之死》I Want to Know Why 《我想要知道为什么》《我想要知道为什么》 Poor White 《穷白人》《穷白人》13、 Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱. 路易斯路易斯Main Street 《大街》《大街》Babbit 《巴比特》《巴比特》 14、Willa Cather 薇拉. 凯瑟凯瑟 My Antonia 《我的安东尼亚》《我的安东尼亚》 The Song of Lark 《自由鸟之歌》《自由鸟之歌》A Lost Lady 《迷途的女性》《迷途的女性》《迷途的女性》 The Professor ’s House 《教授的住宅》《教授的住宅》 O Pioneers! 《哦,拓荒者们》《哦,拓荒者们》15、 Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳.安.波特波特 Ship of Fools 《愚人船》《愚人船》《愚人船》 Leaning Tower and Other Stories Flowering Judas 《开花的紫荆树》《开花的紫荆树》The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Pale Horse, Pale Rider The Never Ending Wrong 16、 William William Faulkner Faulkner 威廉.福克纳福克纳 The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》《喧哗与骚动》 As I lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》《在我弥留之际》Light in August 《八月之光》《八月之光》《八月之光》 Absalom, Absalom 《押沙龙,押沙龙》《押沙龙,押沙龙》Go Down, Moses 《去吧,摩西》《去吧,摩西》The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》《玉石雕像》Soldier’s Pay Mosquitoes 《蚊子》《蚊子》Barn Burning 《烧牲口棚》《烧牲口棚》17、 Thomas Wolf 托马斯.沃尔夫沃尔夫 Look Homeward, Angel 《天使望故乡》《天使望故乡》《天使望故乡》 Of Time and the River 《时间与河流》《时间与河流》The Web and the Rock 《网与石》《网与石》You Can’t Go Home Again18、 Margaret Mitchell 玛格丽特.米切尔米切尔Gone with the Wind 《飘》《飘》 七、七、 the 1930s Novels 1、 James James T. T. Farrell 法内尔法内尔 a naturalist writer Studs Lonigan Trilogy 斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲斯塔兹朗尼根三部曲 1)Yong Lonigan 《少年朗尼根》《少年朗尼根》2)The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan 《斯塔兹朗尼根的青年时代》《斯塔兹朗尼根的青年时代》3)Judgment Day 《审判日》《审判日》2、 John O ’Hara 约翰.欧哈拉欧哈拉 Appointment in Samara 《约会沙马拉》《约会沙马拉》《约会沙马拉》3、 John Dos Passos 约翰约翰.多.帕索斯帕索斯 Two trilogies: 1) District of Columbia 《哥伦比亚特区》《哥伦比亚特区》《哥伦比亚特区》 2) Manhattan Transfer 《曼哈顿中转站》《曼哈顿中转站》3) U.S.A. 《美国》《美国》A. The 42nd Parallel 《北纬四十二度》《北纬四十二度》《北纬四十二度》B. 1919 《一九一九》《一九一九》C. The Big Money 《赚大钱》《赚大钱》《赚大钱》 4、 John John Steinbeck Steinbeck 约翰斯坦贝克贝克 Of Mice and Man 《人与鼠》《人与鼠》 The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》《愤怒的葡萄》Cup of Gold 《金杯》《金杯》《金杯》 Tortilla Flat 《煎饼坪》《煎饼坪》In Dubious Battle 《胜负未决的战斗》《胜负未决的战斗》《胜负未决的战斗》 Travels with Charley 《》《》《》 The Red Pony, The Pearl 《》《》八、八、 Postwar American Literature 1、 Saul Bellow 索.贝娄贝娄 Dangling Man 《晃来晃去的人》《晃来晃去的人》The Adventures of Augie March 《奥吉•玛其历险记》《奥吉•玛其历险记》Henderson, the Rain King 《雨王汉德逊》《雨王汉德逊》Herzog 《赫索格》《赫索格》2、 Norman Mailer 诺曼.梅勒梅勒 The Naked and th Dead e 《裸者与死者》《裸者与死者》The Armies of the Night 《夜间军队》《夜间军队》3、 J. D. Salinger 塞琳杰塞琳杰塞琳杰 The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田里的守望者》《麦田里的守望者》4、 Bernard Bernard Malamud Malamud 博纳德.马拉穆德拉穆德 The Assistant 《店员》《店员》 The Fixer 《装配工》《装配工》The Magic Barrel 《神奇的磨桶》《神奇的磨桶》《神奇的磨桶》 The Tenant 《房客》《房客》5、 Joseph Heller 约瑟夫.海勒海勒 Catch —22 《第二十二条军规》《第二十二条军规》Something Happened 《烦恼无穷》《烦恼无穷》God Knows 《上帝知道》《上帝知道》 Good as Gold 《象黄金一样好》《象黄金一样好》《象黄金一样好》 Picture This 《描写这个吧》《描写这个吧》Closing Time 《最后时光》《最后时光》Portrait of an artist, as an Old Man 《老年艺术家的画像》像》6、 Kurt V onnegut 库特·冯尼格特冯尼格特 Slaughterhouse-Five 《第五屠宰场》《第五屠宰场》The Sirens of Titan 《泰坦星的海妖》《泰坦星的海妖》 Cat ’s Cradle 《猫的摇篮》《猫的摇篮》Breakfast of Champions 《冠军的早餐》《冠军的早餐》《冠军的早餐》 7、 Ken Kesey 肯•克西肯•克西 One Flew Over the Cuckoo ’s Nest 《飞越布谷鸟巢》《飞越布谷鸟巢》8、 John Barth 约翰.巴斯巴斯The Literature of Exhaustion 《枯竭的文学》《枯竭的文学》The Sot-Weed Factor 《烟草经纪人》《烟草经纪人》The Floating Opera 《漂浮的歌剧》《漂浮的歌剧》《漂浮的歌剧》 Giles Goat-Boy 《羊童子贾尔斯》《羊童子贾尔斯》 Lost in the Funhouse 《迷失在游乐场》《迷失在游乐场》9、 Donald Donald Barthelme Barthelme 唐纳德•巴塞尔姆塞尔姆 Snow White 《白雪公主》《白雪公主》At the End of the Mechanical Age 《机械时代结束时》The School 《学校》《学校》10、 Thomas Pynchon 托马斯.品钦品钦 V 《》《》The Crying of Lot 49 《叫卖第49组》组》Gravity ’s Rainbow 《万有引力之虹》《万有引力之虹》11、 V ladimir Nabokov 弗拉基米尔•纳博科夫基米尔•纳博科夫Lolita 《洛丽塔》《洛丽塔》 Pale Fire 《苍白的火》《苍白的火》 Transparent Things 《梦锁危情》《梦锁危情》 12、 William Burroughs 威廉.巴勒斯廉.巴勒斯The Naked Lunch 《裸体午餐》《裸体午餐》《裸体午餐》 13、Jack Jack Kerouac Kerouac 杰克.凯鲁亚克亚克On the Road 《在路上》《在路上》《在路上》 14、John Updike 约翰.厄普代克 Rabbit Pentalogy 兔子五部曲兔子五部曲 1) Rabbit Run 《兔子之跑》《兔子之跑》2) Rabbit Redux 《兔子归来》《兔子归来》3) Rabbit Is Rich 《兔子富了》《兔子富了》《兔子富了》 4) Rabbit at Rest 《兔子安眠》《兔子安眠》《兔子安眠》 5) Licks of Love 《爱的插曲》《爱的插曲》《爱的插曲》 15、 William William Styron Styron 威廉•斯泰隆泰隆 Lie Down in Darkness 《躺在黑暗中》《躺在黑暗中》The Confessions of Nat Turner 《纳克‧透纳的自白》透纳的自白》 Sophie ’s Choice 《苏菲的选择》《苏菲的选择》16、 Truman Capote 杜鲁门•卡波特卡波特 Breakfast at Tiffany ’s 《第凡内早餐》《第凡内早餐》 In Cold Blood 《冷血》《冷血》《冷血》 17、 Philip Roth 菲利普.罗斯罗斯 Goodbye , Columbus 《再见吧,哥伦布》《再见吧,哥伦布》Portnoy ’s Complaint 《波特诺伊的抱怨》《波特诺伊的抱怨》Zuckerman Unbound 《解放了的朱克曼》《解放了的朱克曼》The Anatomy Lesson 《解剖学课》《解剖学课》《解剖学课》 The Ghost Writer 《鬼作家》《鬼作家》《鬼作家》 18、 Joyce Carol Oates 乔伊斯乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨•卡罗尔•欧茨Them 《他们》《他们》 Wonderland 《人间乐园》《人间乐园》 Do With Me What You Will 19、Flannery Flannery O O ’Connor 奥.康纳康纳 A Good Man Is Hard to Find 《好人难寻》《好人难寻》 Wise Blood 《慧血/好血统》好血统》The Violent Bear It Away 《暴力夺取》《暴力夺取》Everything That Rises Must Converge 《上升的一切必将汇合》将汇合》20、 Elizabeth Elizabeth Bishop Bishop 伊丽莎白•毕肖普白•毕肖普 Filling Station 《汽车加油站》《汽车加油站》 Over 2000 Illustrations and a Complete Concordance 《两千多幅图解》《两千多幅图解》21、 Richard Richard Wilbur Wilbur 理查德•威尔伯威尔伯 Things of This World 《这个世界上的事情》《这个世界上的事情》 New and Collected Poems 《新作与诗集》《新作与诗集》 22、John Berryman 约翰.贝里曼贝里曼 The Dream Songs 《梦之歌》《梦之歌》《梦之歌》 23、 Randall Jarrell 蓝道•杰瑞蓝道•杰瑞 The Lost World 《失落的世界》《失落的世界》 24、James Merrill 梅利尔梅利尔 The Changing Light at Sandover 《桑多弗变幻着的光》 25、Robert Lowell 罗伯特.洛威尔洛威尔 Lord Weary ’s Castle 《威尔利老爷的城堡》《威尔利老爷的城堡》 Life Studies 《人生写照》《人生写照》Skunk Hour 《臭鼬时刻》《臭鼬时刻》For the Union Dead 《为联邦而死难者》《为联邦而死难者》26、 Sylvia Sylvia Plath Plath 西尔维娅普拉斯拉斯Daddy 《爹地》《爹地》 Lady Lazarus 《拉扎勒斯女士》《拉扎勒斯女士》 27、Anne Anne Sexton Sexton 安妮.塞克斯顿斯顿Her Kind 《她那一类》《她那一类》 Housewife 《家庭主妇》《家庭主妇》 Y oung 28、Allen Ginsberg 艾伦.金斯堡Howl 《嚎叫》《嚎叫》29、Gary Snyder 盖端·史耐德史耐德 August on Sourdough 《八月在苏尔都山上》 A Visit from Dick Brewer 《迪克·布鲁尔来探访》《迪克·布鲁尔来探访》 30、 W.S. Merwin 欧文欧文 The Asians Dying 《临死的亚洲人》《临死的亚洲人》《临死的亚洲人》 For A Coming Extinction 《给将要到来的一次灭绝》《给将要到来的一次灭绝》 The Last One 《最后一个》《最后一个》《最后一个》 31、Robert Bly 罗伯特·布莱布莱 Silence in the Snow Fields 《沉默的雪领域》《沉默的雪领域》 The Night around the body 《黑夜围绕身体》《黑夜围绕身体》 32、 James Wright 詹姆斯·赖特 Minnesota 《明尼苏达州》《明尼苏达州》 Lying Lying in in in a a a Hammock Hammock Hammock at at at William William William Duffy’s Duffy’s Duffy’s Farm Farm Farm in in in Pine Pine Island 《在明尼苏达州的松树岛,躺在威廉·达菲农场的吊床上》场的吊床上》33、 Frank O ’Hara 弗兰克.奥哈拉哈拉 The Day Lady Died 《黛女士死的那天》《黛女士死的那天》 34、 John John Ashbery Ashbery 约翰.阿什贝里贝里 An Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror 《凸镜中的自画像》 Grand Gallop 35、 A .R. Ammons 埃蒙斯埃蒙斯埃蒙斯 Corsons Inlet 《卡尔逊海湾》《卡尔逊海湾》Mountain Talk 《山地语言》《山地语言》36、 Charles Charles Olson Olson 查尔斯.奥尔逊尔逊 Projective V erse 《投射诗》《投射诗》In Cold Hell, in Thicket 《在冰冷的地狱,在丛林》《在冰冷的地狱,在丛林》 The Distances 《我可以去的距离》《我可以去的距离》 The Maximus Poems 九、九、 American Drama 1、 Eugene O ’Neil 尤金奥尼尔 The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》《毛猿》《毛猿》 Long Day’s Journey into Night 《长夜路漫漫》《长夜路漫漫》The Iceman Cometh 《送冰的人来了》《送冰的人来了》《送冰的人来了》 Desire Under the Elm Tree 《榆树下的欲望》《榆树下的欲望》 Bound East for Cardiff 《驶向东方的卡笛夫》《驶向东方的卡笛夫》 Beyond the Horizon 《天边外》《天边外》《天边外》 The Emperor Jones 《穷死皇帝》《穷死皇帝》《穷死皇帝》 Anne Christie 《安妮.克里斯蒂》克里斯蒂》2、 Elmer Rice 埃尔默.赖斯赖斯 The Adding Machine 《加算器》《加算器》《加算器》 3、 Clifford Clifford Odets Odets 克里福德.奥德兹奥德兹 Waiting For Lefty 《等待老左》《等待老左》Till the Day Die 《直到死亡的那一天》《直到死亡的那一天》 Paradise Lost 《失乐园》《失乐园》Awake and Sing!《醒来歌唱》《醒来歌唱》《醒来歌唱》Golden Boy 《黄金男孩》《黄金男孩》The Big Knife 《大刀》《大刀》《大刀》 The Country Girl 《乡下姑娘》《乡下姑娘》 The Flowering Peach 《碧桃》《碧桃》《碧桃》 4、 Tennessee Williams 田纳西.威廉斯威廉斯 The Glass Menagerie 《玻璃动物园》《玻璃动物园》《玻璃动物园》 A Streetcar Named Desire 《欲望号街车》《欲望号街车》Battles of Angels 《天使之战》《天使之战》《天使之战》 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》Summer and Smoke 《夏日烟云》《夏日烟云》《夏日烟云》 Sweet Bird of Youth 《浓爱痴情》《浓爱痴情》 5、 Arthur Miller 阿瑟.米勒米勒 Death of a Salesman 《推销员之死》《推销员之死》The Man Who Had All Luck 《那个非常走运的人》《那个非常走运的人》All My Sons 《全是我儿子》《全是我儿子》《全是我儿子》 A View from the Bridge 《桥上一瞥》《桥上一瞥》A Memory of Two Mondays 《两个星期一的回忆》《两个星期一的回忆》The Archbishop’s Ceiling The American Clock 《美国时钟》《美国时钟》《美国时钟》 6、 Edward Edward Albee Albee 爱德华.阿尔比尔比 Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?《灵欲春宵、谁害怕弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫》亚·沃尔夫》十、十、 Multiethnic Literature 1、 Frederick Frederick Douglass Douglass 弗雷德里克里克 道格拉斯道格拉斯 My Bondage and My Freedom 《我的奴役与我的自由》《我的奴役与我的自由》The life and Time of Frederick Douglass 2、 Booker T. Washington 布汤匙华盛顿匙华盛顿 Up from Slavery 自传《超越奴役》自传《超越奴役》3、 W. E. Dubois 杜波依斯杜波依斯The Souls of Black Folks: Essays and Sketches 《黑人们的灵魂:散文和素描》魂:散文和素描》 4、 Jean Toomer 吉恩·图玛吉恩·图玛 Cane 《手杖》《手杖》5、 Countee Cullen 康提.卡伦卡伦 Shroud of Color 《色罩》《色罩》《色罩》 The Ballad of the Brown Girl 《宗法女孩的歌谣》《宗法女孩的歌谣》Yet Do I Marvel 《但是我感到惊奇》《但是我感到惊奇》6、 Langston Langston Hughes Hughes 朗斯顿休斯休斯 The Weary Blues 《萎靡的布鲁斯》《萎靡的布鲁斯》 Jesse B. Simple 《笨蛋杰西》《笨蛋杰西》《笨蛋杰西》 Montage of a Dream Deferred 《缓梦蒙太奇》《缓梦蒙太奇》The Negro Speakers of Rivers 《黑人的河流》《黑人的河流》As I Grew Older 《随着我渐渐长大》《随着我渐渐长大》7、 Richard Wright 理查德·怀特 Uncle Tom’s Children 《汤姆叔叔的儿女》《汤姆叔叔的儿女》Significance Black Boy 《黑孩子》《黑孩子》 Native Son 《土生子》《土生子》The Outsider 《局外人》《局外人》Black Power 《黑人权利》《黑人权利》8、 Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫.艾利逊利逊 Invisible Man 《看不见的人》《看不见的人》Shadow and Act 《影子和动作》《影子和动作》《影子和动作》 9、 James James Baldwin Baldwin 詹姆斯.鲍Go Tell It on the Mountain 《》《》尔温尔温 Giovanni ’s Room 《桥内瓦的房间》《桥内瓦的房间》Another Country 《同窗之爱》《同窗之爱》Tell Me How Long the Train ’s Been Gone 《》《》《》 If Beale Street Could Talk 《假如比尔街会说话》《假如比尔街会说话》Just Above My Head 《》《》The Amen Corner 《阿门角》《阿门角》《阿门角》 Blues for Mister Charley 《》《》One Day When I was Lost 《当我迷失的那一天》《当我迷失的那一天》10、Toni Morrison 托尼.莫里森莫里森 Song of Solomon 《所罗门之歌》《所罗门之歌》《所罗门之歌》 The Bluest Eye 《最蓝的眼睛》《最蓝的眼睛》《最蓝的眼睛》 Beloved 《宠儿》《宠儿》Jazz 《爵士乐》《爵士乐》Paradise 《天堂》《天堂》Tar Baby 《柏油孩子》《柏油孩子》11、 A lice Walker 爱丽丝.沃克沃克 The Color Purple 《紫色姊妹花》《紫色姊妹花》《紫色姊妹花》 12、Maya Maya Angelou Angelou 玛雅.安格鲁安格鲁 I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings 《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》唱》 Gather Together in My Name 《聚集在我的名字》《聚集在我的名字》Singin ’ and Swingin ’ and Getting ’ Merry Like Christmas 《》《》The Heart of a Woman 《女人心》《女人心》All God ’s Children Need Traveling Shoe 《所有上帝的孩子需要旅行擦鞋》子需要旅行擦鞋》13、 Gloria Gloria Naylor Naylor 葛罗利娅•奈勒娅•奈勒 The Women of Brewster Place 《酿酒场的女人》《酿酒场的女人》14、 Toni Cade Abmbara Blues Ain ’ T No Mockin Bird 《》《》15、 Rita Dove 16、 D ’Arcy McNikle The surrounded 《》《》17、 Scott Scott Momaday Momaday 斯科特•莫马迪特•莫马迪House Made of Dawn 《黎明之屋》《黎明之屋》 18、 James James Welch Welch 詹姆斯•韦尔奇韦尔奇Fools Crow 《》《》 19、 Leslie Marmon Marmon Silko Silko莱丝丽·M ·西尔·西尔Ceremony 《典礼》《典礼》 The Man Who Send the Rain Clouds 《》《》 20、 Louise Erdrich 路易斯•厄德里克•厄德里克Love Medicine 《爱之药》《爱之药》 21、 Maxine Hong Kingston 汤亭亭汤亭亭 The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Childhood among Ghosts 《女勇士:》China Men 《中国佬》《中国佬》Trimester Monkey 《孙行者》《孙行者》22、 Amy Tan 谭恩美谭恩美The Joy Luck Club 《喜福会》《喜福会》The Kitchen God ’s Wife 《灶神之妻》《灶神之妻》The Hundred Secret Senses 《灵感女孩》《灵感女孩》The Bonesetter ’s Daughter 《接骨师的女儿》《接骨师的女儿》。

重庆市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学经典作品梳理

重庆市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学经典作品梳理

重庆市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学经典作品梳理一、简介英美文学是研究英国和美国文化、历史和社会的重要组成部分。

在考研复习过程中,掌握英美文学经典作品的内容和特点对于提升英语水平和获得高分非常重要。

本文将对英美文学经典作品进行梳理,帮助考生更好地理解和复习相关知识。

二、英国文学经典作品1.《哈利波特与魔法石》该系列小说由J.K.罗琳创作,以魔法为主题,讲述了孤儿哈利波特在霍格沃茨魔法学校的冒险故事。

这部作品在世界范围内获得了极高的评价,影响深远。

2.《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的代表作之一,以19世纪英国乡村生活为背景,描写了女主角伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事,涉及社会等级、尊严和偏见等主题。

3.《双城记》查尔斯·狄更斯的作品之一,以法国大革命为背景,描写了伦敦和巴黎的社会动荡。

该作品通过复杂的人物关系和聚焦社会问题,反映了独特的历史背景和人性。

4.《哈姆雷特》威廉·莎士比亚的经典戏剧作品,讲述主人公哈姆雷特在王位继承权争夺和家族复仇之间的挣扎。

作品涉及权力、复仇和疯狂等主题,是莎士比亚最具影响力的作品之一。

三、美国文学经典作品1.《雾都孤儿》查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一,以孤儿奥利弗的命运为主线,展现了贫困和社会不公等问题。

作品呈现出对社会不公的批判和对孤儿的关爱,揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面。

2.《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的作品在英国文学中有很高的地位,同样也在美国文学中备受关注。

该作品以伊丽莎白·班内特为主人公,通过对社会等级和婚姻观念的嘲讽,展示了女性独立进取的形象。

3.《老人与海》海明威的代表作之一,讲述了古巴老渔夫桑地亚哥与一条大马林鱼搏斗的故事。

作品中通过对人与自然、追求和勇气的描写,呈现了海明威独特的写作风格和思想主张。

4.《了不起的盖茨比》弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的作品,描写了20世纪20年代美国的繁荣和社会问题。

(完整word版)美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】

(完整word版)美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】

(完整word版)美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】美国文学史整理一、Colonial America 殖民时期1、New England:Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, andConnecticut.2、Doctrines of Puritanism清教American Puritanism stressed predestination(命运神定), original sin(原罪), total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace.3、Writing style:fresh, simple and direct and with a touch of nobility;the rhetoric is plain andhonest.4、Life style:hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety.5、Main writer:①Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩work:Common Sense (1776) 《常识》American Crisis (1776-1783)《美国危机》The Rights of Man《人权》The Age of Reason《理性时代》②Benjamin Franklin(本杰明·富兰克林)Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》Autobiography 《富兰克林自传》③Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊Declaration of Independence (1776)《独立宣言》二、American Romanticism (early period) 浪漫主义前期1、Characteristics:①A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.反对理性主义的客观性。

美国文学重点整理及美国现实主义文学流派

美国文学重点整理及美国现实主义文学流派

美国文学重点整理美国文学题型:1.60分三篇小说,三个诗歌,作者,出处,作品分析2.20分名词解释3.20分论述1. 20世纪美国文学发展的经济背景关键词:Urbanization(new farm machines, rising productivity, rising leisure time)Industrialization(electric lights, camera, telephone, radio, type writer) CommercializationGlobalization.Philosophy: Schopenhauer叔本华Nietzsche 尼采Jean PaulFreud补充:Fitzgerald:tender is the night, all the sad young man, the rich boy,2. What is Lost Generation?①It is a term to describe a group of American intellectuals, poets, artists and writers who fled to France in the post WWI years to reject the values of American materialism and to seek the bohemian lifestyle in Paris.②It is full of youthful idealism, seeking the meaning of life, drank excessively, have love affairs,creating some of the finest American literature to date.③American poet Gertrude Stein coined this expression, speaking to Hemingway, she said, you are all a lost generation.the term stuck the mystique surrounding these individuals continues to fancy us.④Main representatives: F. Scott.Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos3. What is modernism? Main features.A cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance,painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20century, particularly in the years following WWI. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historic tradition, and embraced the new economic ,social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.The avant-garde movements that followed including impressionism, post-impressionism, cubism(立体主义), futurism, expressionism, contructivism(构成主义)are generally defined as modernism.Why is Gatsby great? Why did he die?His flaws in characteristics: Naive,innocent, ideal正是因为美国社会缺乏盖茨比精神,社会不重视精神世界的充实,人们经历spiritual emptiness, 所以盖茨比伟大。

天津市考研语言文学复习资料美国文学流派梳理

天津市考研语言文学复习资料美国文学流派梳理

天津市考研语言文学复习资料美国文学流派梳理美国文学是世界文学发展史上的一颗璀璨明珠,拥有丰富的文学传统和多元化的文学流派。

对于准备天津市考研语言文学的学生来说,熟悉美国文学流派的发展历程以及重要作家的作品是十分必要的。

本文将为大家梳理美国文学的主要流派,并简要介绍各个流派的特点与代表作。

一、前哥伦布时期文学流派在哥伦布到达美洲大陆之前,美洲大陆上就有丰富多样的口头文学和文化传统。

这些传统包括神话、传说、歌谣等等。

典型的前哥伦布时期文学流派是原住民口头文学,代表作有《玛雅·波普尔》、《阿兹特克》等。

二、殖民地时期文学流派殖民地时期是美国文学史上的开端。

该时期的文学作品主要是宗教、历史和探险题材,体现了殖民者们的价值观和思想。

典型的殖民地时期文学流派是清教徒文学,代表作有《普利茅斯书》、《纳拉甘西特的两军树》等。

三、启蒙时代文学流派启蒙时代是美国独立战争前后的时期,这个时期美国的文化和政治观念发生了重要的变化。

启蒙时代的文学流派以启蒙运动为背景,注重理性思维、个体权利和反对专制主义。

典型的启蒙时代文学流派是启蒙主义文学,代表作有《美国独立宣言》、《贫民窟书记》等。

四、浪漫主义文学流派浪漫主义是19世纪初美国文学的主要流派。

该流派关注个人感受、情感和自然景观,追求个性与自由。

典型的浪漫主义文学流派是黑暗浪漫主义,代表作有爱伦·坡的《乌鸦》、纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》等。

五、现实主义文学流派现实主义成为19世纪中后期美国文学的主导流派。

现实主义追求真实、客观和揭示社会问题。

典型的现实主义文学流派是自然主义文学,代表作有斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《红与黑》、西奥多·德莱赛的《群魔》等。

六、现代主义文学流派现代主义在20世纪初开始兴起,这个流派的文学作品探索人类存在的意义、个体在现代社会中的困境和失去方向感的焦虑。

典型的现代主义文学流派是意识流小说,代表作有威廉·福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》等。

美国文学简史考研重点笔记整理常耀信

美国文学简史考研重点笔记整理常耀信

美国文学简史考研重点笔记整理常耀信A Concise History of American LiteratureWhat is literature?Literature is language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages.Chapter 1 Colonial PeriodI.Background: Puritanism1.features of Puritanism(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sincan be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Total depravity(4)Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.2.Influence(1) A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (seriousand thoughtful) influenced American literature.(2)It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth –garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perceptionwas chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism whichis distinctly American.(4)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; therhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility oftentraceable to the direct influence of the Bible.II.Overview of the literature1.types of writingdiaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies,sermons2.writers of colonial period(1)Anne Bradstreet(2)Edward Taylor(3)Roger Williams(4)John Woolman(5)Thomas Paine(6)Philip FreneauIII.Jonathan Edwards1.life2.works(1)The Freedom of the Will(2)The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended(3)The Nature of True Virtue3.ideas – pioneer of transcendentalism(1)The spirit of revivalism(2)Regeneration of man(3)God’s presence(4)Puritan idealismIV.Benjamin Franklin1.life2.works(1)Poor Richard’s Almanac(2)Autobiography3.contribution(1)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the AmericanPhilosophical Society.(2)He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity inthis case) from heaven”.(3)Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”.Herman Melville thus described him “master of ea ch and mastered bynone”.Chapter 2 American RomanticismSection 1 Early Romantic PeriodWhat is Romanticism?●An approach from ancient Greek: Plato● A literary trend: 18c in Britain (1798~1832)●Schlegel Bros.I.Preview: Characteristics of romanticism1.subjectivity(1)feeling and emotions, finding truth(2)emphasis on imagination(3)emphasis on individualism –personal freedom, no hero worship,natural goodness of human beings2.back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature(1)unrestrained by classical rules(2)full of imagination(3)colloquial language(4)freedom of imagination(5)genuine in feelings: answer their call for classics3.back to naturenature is “breathing living thing” (Rousseau)II.American Romanticism1.Background(1)Political background and economic development(2)Romantic movement in European countriesDerivative – foreign influence2.features(1)American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real newexperience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that“the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.(2)There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider.American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many Americanromantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained.(3)The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection withAmerican Romanticism.(4)As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, Americanromanticism was both imitative and independent.III.WashingtonIrving1.several names attached to Irving(1)first American writer(2)the messenger sent from the new world to the old world(3)father of American literature2.life3.works(1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End ofthe Dutch Dynasty(2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure ofinternational recognition with the publication of this.)(3)The History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus(4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada(5)The Alhambra4.Literary career: two parts(1)1809~1832a.Subjects are either English or Europeanb.Conservative love for the antique(2)1832~1859: back to US5.style – beautiful(1)gentility, urbanity, pleasantness(2)avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining(3)enveloping stories in an atmosphere(4)vivid and true characters(5)humour – smiling while reading(6)musical languageIV.James Fenimore Cooper1.life2.works(1)Precaution (1820, his first novel, imitating Auste n’s PrideandPrejudice)(2)The Spy (his second novel and great success)(3)Leatherstocking Tales (his masterpiece, a series of five novels)The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer,The Prairie3.point of viewthe theme of wilderness vs. civilization, freedom vs. law, order vs. change,aristocrat vs. democrat, natural rights vs. legal rights4.style(1)highly imaginative(2)good at inventing tales(3)good at landscape description(4)conservative(5)characterization wooden and lacking in probability(6)language and use of dialect not authentic5.literary achievementsHe created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. If thehistory of the United States is, in a sense, the process of the American settlersexploring and pushing the American frontier forever westward, thenCooper’s Leatherstocking Tales effectively approximates the Americannational experience of adventure into the West. He turned the west andfrontier as a useable past and he helped to introduce western tradition toAmerican literature.Section 2 Summit of Romanticism –American TranscendentalismI.Background: four sources1.Unitarianism(1)Fatherhood of God(2)Brotherhood of men(3)Leadership of Jesus(4)Salvation by character (perfection of one’s character)(5)Continued progress of mankind(6)Divinity of mankind(7)Depravity of mankind2.Romantic IdealismCenter of the world is spirit, absolute spirit (Kant)3.Oriental mysticismCenter of the world is “oversoul”4.PuritanismEloquent expression in transcendentalismII.Appearance1836, “Nature” by EmersonIII.Features1.spirit/oversoul2.importance of individualism3.nature – symbol of spirit/Godgarment of the oversoul4.focus in intuition (irrationalism and subconsciousness)IV.Influence1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation andthe idea that human can be perfected by nature. It stressed religious tolerance,called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to thedevelopment of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expandedeconomy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to“get on” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.3.It helped to create the first American renaissance –one of the mostprolific period in American literature.V.Ralph Waldo Emerson1.life2.works(1)Nature(2)Two essays: The American Scholar, The Poet3.point of view(1)One major element of his philosophy is his firm belief in thetranscendence of the “oversoul”.(2)He regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moralinfluence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual andimmanent God in nature.(3)If man depends upon himself, cultivates himself anddivine in himself, he can hope to become better and even perfect. This iswhat Emerson means by “the infinitude of man”.(4)Everyone should understand that he makes himself by making hisworld, and that he makes the world by making himself.4.aesthetic ideas(1)He is a complete man, an eternal man.(2)True poetry and true art should ennoble.(3)The poet should express his thought in symbols.(4)As to theme, Emerson called upon American authors to celebrateAmerica which was to him a lone poem in itself.5.his influenceVI.Henry David Thoreau1.life2.works(1) A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River(2)Walden(3) A Plea for John Brown (an essay)3.point of view(1)He did not like the way a materialistic America was developing andwas vehemently outspoken on the point.(2)He hated the human injustice as represented by the slavery system.(3)Like Emerson, but more than him, Thoreau saw nature asa genuinerestorative, healthy influence on man’s spiritual well-being.(4)He has faith in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man.(5)He was very critical of modern civilization.(6)“Simplicity…simplify!”(7)He was sorely disgusted with “the inundations of the dirty institutionsof men’s od d-fellow society”.(8)He has calm trust in the future and his ardent belief in a newgeneration of men.Section 3 Late RomanticismI.Nathaniel Hawthorne1.life2.works(1)Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales, Mosses from andOld Manse(2)The Scarlet Letter(3)The House of the Seven Gables(4)The Marble Faun3.point of view(1)Evil is at the core of human life, “that blackness in Hawthorne”(2)Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passedfrom generation to generation (causality).(3)He is of the opinion that evil educates.(4)He has disgust in science.4.aesthetic ideas(1)He took a great interest in history and antiquity. To himthese furnishthe soil on which his mind grows to fruition.(2)He was convinced that romance was the predestined form of Americannarrative. To tell the truth and satirize and yet not to offend: That waswhat Hawthorne had in mind to achieve.5.style – typical romantic writer(1)the use of symbols(2)revelation of characters’ psychology(3)the use of supernatural mixed with the actual(4)his stories are parable (parable inform) – to teach a lesson(5)use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty –multiple point of viewII.Herman Melville1.life2.works(1)Typee(2)Omio(3)Mardi(4)Redburn(5)White Jacket(6)Moby Dick(7)Pierre(8)Billy Budd3.point of view(1)He never seems able to say an affirmative yes to life: His is the attitudeof “Everlasting Nay” (negative attitude towards life).(2)One of the major themes of his is alienation (far away from eachother).Other themes: loneliness, suicidal individualism (individualism causingdisaster and death), rejection and quest, confrontation of innocence andevil, doubts over the comforting 19c idea of progress4.style(1)Like Hawthorne, Melville manages to achieve the effect of ambiguitythrough employing the technique of multiple view of his narratives.(2)He tends to write periodic chapters.(3)His rich rhythmical prose and his poetic power have been profuselycommented upon and praised.(4)His works are symbolic and metaphorical.(5)He includes many non-narrative chapters of factual background ordescription of what goes on board the ship or on the route (Moby Dick) Romantic PoetsI.Walt Whitman1.life2.work: Leaves of Grass (9 editions)(1)Song of Myself(2)There Was a Child Went Forth(3)Crossing Brooklyn Ferry(4)Democratic Vistas(5)Passage to India(6)Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking3.themes –“Catalogue of American and European thought”He had been influenced by many American and European thoughts:enlightenment, idealism, transcendentalism, science, evolution ideas, westernfrontier spirits, Jefferson’s individualism, Civil War Unionism, Orientalism.Major themes in his poems (almost everything):●equality of things a nd beings●divinity of everything●immanence of God●democracy●evolution of cosmos●multiplicity of nature●self-reliant spirit●death, beauty of death●expansion of America●brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world)●pursuit of lo ve and happiness4.style: “free verse”(1)no fixed rhyme or scheme(2)parallelism, a rhythm of thought(3)phonetic recurrence(4)the habit of using snapshots(5)the use of a certain prono un “I”(6) a looser and more open-ended syntactic structure(7)use of conventional image(8)strong tendency to use oral English(9)vocabulary –powerful, colourful, rarely used words of foreign origins,some even wrong(10)sentences – catalogue technique: long list of names, long poem lines5.influence(1)His best work has become part of the common property of Westernculture.(2)He took over Whitman’s vision of the poet-prophet and poet-teacherand recast it in a more sophisticated and Europeanized mood.(3)He has been compared to a mountain in American literary history.(4)Contemporary American poetry, whatever school or form, bearswitness to his great influence.II.Emily Dickenson1.life2.works(1)My Life Closed Twice before Its Close(2)Because I Can’t Stop for Death(3)I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died(4)Mine – by the Right of the White Election(5)Wild Nights – Wild Nights3.themes: based on her own experiences/joys/sorrows(1)religion – doubt and belief about religious subjects(2)death and immortality(3)love – suffering and frustration caused by love(4)physical aspect of desire(5)nature – kind and cruel(6)free will and human responsibility4.style(1)poems without titles(2)severe economy of expression(3)directness, brevity(4)musical device to create cadence (rhythm)(5)capital letters – emphasis(6)short poems, mainly two stanzas(7)rhetoric techniques: personification –make some of abstract ideasvivid/doc/8e7409605.htmlparison: Whitman vs. Dickinson1.Similarities:(1)Thematically, they both extolled, in their different ways, an emergentAmerica, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, theirpoetry being part of “American Renaissance”.(2)Technically, they both added to the literary independence of the newnation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter andexhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they were pioneers inAmerican poetry.2.differences:(1)Whitman seems to keep his eye on society at large; Dickinson exploresthe inner life of the individual.(2)Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlo ok, Dickinson is“regional”.(3)Dickinson has the “catalogue technique” (direct, simple style) whichWhitman doesn’t have.Edgar Allen PoeI.LifeII.Works1.short stories(1)ratiocinative storiesa.Ms Found in a Bottleb.The Murders in the Rue Morguec.The Purloined Letter(2)Revenge, death and rebirtha.The Fall of the House of Usherb.Ligeiac.The Masque of the Red Death(3)Literary theorya.The Philosophy of Compositionb.The Poetic Principlec.Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told TalesIII.Themes1.death –p redominant theme in Poe’s writing“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writin gs isdead.”2.disintegration (separation) of life3.horror4.negative thoughts of scienceIV.Aesthetic ideas1.The short stories should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compressionand finality.2.The poems should be short, and the aim should be beauty, the tonemelancholy. Poems should not be of moralizing. He calls for pure poetry andstresses rhythm.V.Style – traditional, but not easy to readV I.Reputation: “the jingle man” (Emerson)VII.His influencesChapter 3 The Age of RealismI.Background: From Romanticism to Realism1.the three conflicts that reached breaking point in this period(1)industrialism vs. agrarian(2)culturely-measured east vs. newly-developed west(3)plantation gentility vs. commercial gentility2.1880’s urbanization: from free competition to monopoly capitalism3.the closing of American frontierII.Characteristics1.truthful description of life2.typical character under typical circumstance3.objective rather than idealized, close observation and investigation of life“Realistic writers are like scientists.”4.open-ending:Life is complex and cannot be fully understood. It leaves much room for readers to think by themselves.5.concerned with social and psychological problems, revealing thefrustrations of characters in an environment of sordidness and depravityIII.Three Giants in Realistic Period1.William Dean Howells –“Dean of American Realism”(1)Realistic principlesa.Reali sm is “fidelity to experience and probability of motive”.b.The aim is “talk of some ordinary traits of American life”.c.Man in his natural and unaffected dullness was the object of Howells’sfictional representation.d.Realism is by no means mere photographic pictures of externals butincludes a central concern with “motives” and psychological confli cts.e.He condemns novels of sentimentality and morbid self-sacrifice, andavoids such themes as illicit love.f.Authors should minimize plot and the artificial ordering of the sense ofsomething “desultory, unfinished, imperfect”.g.Characters should have solidity of specification and be real.h.Interpreting sympathetically the “common feelings of commonplacepeople” was best suited as a technique to e xpress the spirit of America.i.He urged writers to winnow tradition and write in keeping with currenthumanitarian ideals.j.Truth is the highest beauty, but it includes the view that morality penetrates all things.k.With regard to literary criticism, Howells felt that the literary critic should not try to impose arbitrary or subjective evaluations on books butshould follow the detached scientist in accurate description, interpretation,and classification.(2)Worksa.The Rise of Silas Laphamb. A Chance Acquaintancec. A Modern Instance(3)Features of His Worksa.Optimistic toneb.Moral development/ethics/doc/8e7409605.htmlcking of psychological depth2.Henry James(1)Life(2)Literary career: three stagesa.1865~1882: international theme●The American●Daisy Miller●The Portrait of a Ladyb.1882~1895: inter-personal relationships and some plays●Daisy Miller (play)c.1895~1900: novellas and tales dealing with childhood andadolescence,then back to international theme●The Turn of the Screw●When Maisie Knew●The Ambassadors●The Wings of the Dove●The Golden Bowl(3)Aesthetic ideasa.The aim of novel: represent life/doc/8e7409605.htmlmon, even ugly side of lifec.Social function of artd.Avoiding omniscient point of view(4)Point of viewa.Psychological analysis, forefather of stream of consciousnessb.Psychological realismc.Highly-refined language(5)Style –“stylist”/doc/8e7409605.htmlnguage: highly-refined, polished, insightful, accurateb.V ocabulary: largec.Construction: complicated, intricate3.Mark Twain (see next section)Local Colorism1860s, 1870s~1890sI.Appearance1.uneven development in economy in America2.culture: flourishing of frontier literature, humourists3.magazines appeared to let writer publish their worksII.What is “Local Colour”?Tasks of local colourists: to write or present local characters of their regions in truthful depiction distinguished from others, usually a very small part of the world.Regional literature (similar, but larger in world)●Garland, Harte – the west●Eggleston – Indiana●Mrs Stowe●Jewett – Maine●Chopin – LouisianaIII.Mark Twain – Mississippi1.life2.works(1)The Gilded Age(2)“the two advantages”(3)Life on the Mississippi(4) A Connect icut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court(5)The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug3.style(1)colloquial language, vernacular language, dialects(2)local colour(3)syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief, sometimesungrammatical(4)humour(5)tall tales (highly exaggerated)(6)social criticism (satire on the different ugly things in society)/doc/8e7409605.htmlparison of the three “giants” of American Realism1.ThemeHowells – middle classJames – upper classTwain – lower class2.TechniqueHowells – smiling/genteel realismJames – psychological realismTwain – local colourism and colloquialismChapter 4 American NaturalismI.Background1.Darwin’s theory: “natural selection”2.Spenser’s idea: “social Darwinism”3.French Naturalism: ZoraII.Features1.environment and heredity2.scientific accuracy and a lot of details3.general tone: hopelessness, despair, gloom, ugly side of the societyIII.significanceI t prepares the way for the writing of 1920s’ “lost generation” and T. S. Eliot. IV.Theod ore Dreiser1.life2.works(1)Sister Carrie(2)The trilogy: Financier, The Titan, The Stoic(3)Jennie Gerhardt(4)American Tragedy(5)The Genius3.point of view(1)He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned toregard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle forexistence in which only the “fittest”, the most ruthless, survive.(2)Life is predatory, a “game” of the lecherous and heartless, a junglestruggle in which man, being “a waif and an interloper in Nature”, a“wisp in the wind of social forces”, is a mere pawn in the general schemeof things, with no power whatever to assert his will.(3)No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex ofinternal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.4.Sister Carrie(1)Plot(2)Analysis5.Style(1)Without good structure(2)Deficient characterization(3)Lack in imagination(4)Journalistic method(5)Techniques in paintingChapter 5 The Modern PeriodSection 1 The 1920sI.IntroductionThe 1920s is a flowering period of Amer ican literature. It is considered “the second renaissance” of American literature.The nicknames for this period:(1)Roaring 20s – comfort(2)Dollar Decade – rich(3)Jazz Age – Jazz musicII.Backgrounda)First World War –“a war to end all wars”(1)Economically: became rich from WWI. Economic boom: newinventions. Highly-consuming society.(2)Spiritually: dislocation, fragmentation.b)wide-spread contempt for law (looking down upon law)1.Freud’s theoryIII.Features of the literatureWriters: three groups(1)Participants(2)Expatriates(3)Bohemian (unconventional way of life) – on-lookersTwo areas:(1)Failure of communication of Americans(2)Failure of the American societyImagismI. BackgroundImagism was influenced by French symbolism, ancient Chinese poetry and Japanese literature “haiku”II. Development: three stages1.1908~1909: London, Hulme2.1912~1914: England -> America, Pound3.1914~1917: Amy LowellIII. What is an “image”?An image is defined by Pound as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, “a vortex or cluster of fused ideas” “endowed with energy”. Th eexact word must bring the effect of the object before the reader as it had pre sented itself to the poet’s mind at the time of writing.IV. Principles1.Direct treatment of the “thing”, whether subjective or objective;2.To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;3.As regarding rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase,not in the sequence of a metronome.V. Significance1.It was a rebellion against the traditional poetics which failed to reflect thenew life of the new century.2.It offered a new way of writing which was valid not only for the Imagistpoets but for modern poetry as a whole.3.The movement was a training school in which many great poets learnedtheir first lessons in the poetic art.4.It is this movement that helped to open the first pages of modern Englishand American poetry.VI. Ezra Pound1.life2.literary career3.works(1)Cathay(2)Cantos(3)Hugh Selwyn Mauberley4.point of view(1)Confident in Pound’s belief that the artist was morally and culturallythe arbiter and the “saviour” of the race, he took it upon himself to purifythe arts and became the prime mover of a few experimental movements,the aim of which was to dump the old into the dustbin and bring forthsomething new.(2)To him life was sordid personal crushing oppression, and cultureproduced nothing but “intangible bondage”.(3)Pound sees in Chinese history and the doctrine of Confucius a sourceof strength and wisdom with which to counterpoint Western gloom andconfusion.(4)He saw a chaotic world that wanted setting to rights, anda humanity,suffering from spiritual death and cosmic injustice, that needed saving.He was for the most part of his life trying to offer Confucian philosophyas the one faith which could help to save the West.5.style: very difficult to readPound’s early poems are fresh and l yrical. The Cantos can be notoriouslydifficult in some sections, but delightfully beautiful in others.Few have madeserious study of the long poem; fewer, if anyone at all, have had the courageto declare that they have conquered Pound; and many seem to agree that theCantos is a monumental failure.6.ContributionHe has helped, through theory and practice, to chart out the course of modernpoetry.7.The Cantos –“the intellectual diary since 1915”Features:(1)Language: intricate and obscure(2)Theme: complex subject matters(3)Form: no fixed framework, no central theme, no attention to poeticrulesVII. T. S. Eliot1.life2.works(1)poems●The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock●The Waste Land (epic)●Hollow Man●Ash Wednesday●Four Quarters(2)Plays●Murder in the Cathedral●Sweeney Agonistes●The Cocktail Party●The Confidential Clerk(3)Critical essays●The Sacred Wood●Essays on Style and Order●Elizabethan Essays●The Use of Poetry and The Use of Criticisms●After Strange Gods3.point of view(1)The modern society is futile and chaotic.(2)Only poets can create some order out of chaos.(3)The method to use is to compare the past and the present.4.Style(1)Fresh visual imagery, flexible tone and highly expressive rhythm(2)Difficult and disconnected images and symbols, quotations andallusions(3)Elliptical structures, strange juxtapositions, an absence of bridges5.The Waste Land: five parts(1)The Burial of the Dead(2) A Game of Chess(3)The Fire Sermon(4)Death by Water(5)What the Thunder SaidVIII. Robert Frost1.life2.point of view(1)All his life, Frost was concerned with constructions through poetry. “amomentary stay against confusion”.(2)He understands the terror and tragedy in nature, but also its beauty.(3)Unlike the English romantic poets of 19th century, he didn’t believethat man could find harmony with nature. He believed that serenity camefrom working, usually amid natural forces, which couldn’t be understood.He regarded work as “significant toil”.3.works – poemsthe first: A Boy’s W illcollections: North of Boston, Mountain Interval (mature), New Hampshire4.style/features of his poems(1)Most of his poems took New England as setting, and the subjects werechosen from daily life of ordinary people, such as “mending wall”,“picking apples”.(2)He writes most often about landscape and people – the loneliness andpoverty of isolated farmers, beauty, terror and tragedy in nature. He alsodescribes some abnormal people, e.g. “deceptively simple”,“philosophical poet”.(3)Although he was popular during 1920s, he didn’t experiment like othermodern poets. He used conventional forms, plain language, traditional。

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1、Mark Twain马克.吐温
The Celebrated Jumping Frog ofCalaverasCounty
《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》
The Gilded Age《镀金时代》
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆.索亚历险记》
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
The Purloined Letter《被窃的信件》
The Gold Bud《金甲虫》
The Murders in the Rue Morque《莫格街凶杀案》
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
《怪诞和阿拉伯风格的故事》
8、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈里特.比彻.斯托夫人
A Psalm of Life《人生颂》
10、Walt Whitman沃尔特.惠特曼
Leaves of Grass《草叶集》
Song of Myself《自我之歌》
I hear America singing《我听见美国在歌唱》
Out of Cradle Endlessly Rocking《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》
The age of reason《理性时代》
The rights of man《人的权利》
The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;
Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;
三、American Romanticism浪漫主义文学
1、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文
Contemplation《沉思》
Upon the Burning of our House《火烧房子》
3、Edward Taylor爱德华.泰勒
Huswifery
4、Roger Williams罗杰.威廉
The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience
Yong Goodman Brown《年轻的小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil《教长的黑面纱》
Dr.Rappaccini’s Daughter《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》
House of Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》
The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》
6、Herman Melville赫尔曼•麦尔维尔
Talks of Travellers旅客谈;
The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
2、James Fennimore Cooper詹姆士.芬尼莫尔.库珀
The Spy《间谍》
The Pilot领航者;
The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿
;Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子系列》
A history of New York《纽约外史》美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;
The Sketch Book《见闻札记》
Rip Van Winkle《瑞普.凡.温克尔》
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传奇》使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家
Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;
《在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人》
The Prince and the Pauper《主子与贫儿》
The Treaty With China《与中国的条约》
To the Person sitting in Darkness
《给坐在黑暗中的人》
2、William Dean Howells威廉.迪恩.豪威尔斯
The Golden Bowl《金碗》
The Wings of the Dove《鸽翼》
五、American Naturalism美国自然主义文学
1、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬.克莱恩
Maggie:A Girl of the Street《街头女郎梅季》
The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》
Walden《瓦尔登湖》
5、Nathaniel Hawthorn纳撒尼尔•霍桑
Twice-Told Tales《重讲一遍的故事a collection of short stories》
Mosses From an Old Manse《古屋青苔》
The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
4、Jack London杰克.伦敦
The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》
White Fang《白牙》
The Sea Wolf《海狼》
Martin Eden《马丁.伊登》
5、O Henry欧.亨利
The Gift of Magi《麦琪的礼物》
The Cop and the Anthem《警察和赞美诗》
Piazza广场故事;
7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加.爱伦.坡(A poet of first rank)
(以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)
Sonnet—to science《十四行诗—致科学》
Israfel《伊兹拉菲尔》
To Helen《献给海伦》
The city in the sea
二、American Revolution :美国革命时期
1、Jonathan Edwards爱德华兹
The Freedom of the Will《自由意志》
The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended《大原罪的教义辩护》
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God《愤怒的上帝手中的罪人》
《哈克.费恩历险记》
Head Wilson《傻瓜威尔逊》
Life on the Mississippi《在密西西比河上》
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》
The Mysterious Stranger《神秘的陌生人》
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d
《当紫丁香最近在庭园开放的时候》
11、Emily Dickinson艾米丽.狄金森
At last to pray is left《至少还可以做祈祷》
Because I could not stop for death
《因为我没有静等死》
The Rise of Silas Laphum《赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》
A Modern Instance《现代婚姻》
3、Henry James亨利.詹姆斯
Daisy Miller《黛西.米勒》
The Portrait of a Lady《一位女士的肖像》
The American《美国人》
The Ambassadors《专使》
Open Boat《海上扁舟》
Blue Hotel《蓝色旅馆》
The Experiment in Misery
2、Frank Norris弗兰克.莫里斯
MC Teague《麦克提格》
The Octopus《鲸鱼》
The pit《深渊》
3、Theodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱赛
Cowperwood trilogy《欲望三部曲》
1)The Financier《金融家》
2)The Titan《巨人》
3)The stoic《斯多葛》
Autobiography:The Genius《天才》
An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》
Masterpiece:Sister Carrie《嘉丽妹妹》
Second novel:Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》
The American Scholar论美国学者;
Divinity;神学
The Oversoul论超灵;
Self-reliance论自立;
The Transcendentalist超验主义者;
Hale Waihona Puke Representative Men代表人物;
English Traits英国人的特征;
School Address神学院演说
6、Uptown Sinclair辛克莱
The Jungle《丛林》
7、Edwin Arlington Robinson埃德温.阿林顿.罗宾逊
Man against the Sky《天边人影》
Typee《泰比》
Omoo《奥穆》
Mardi《玛地》
Redburn《莱德伯恩》
White Jacket《白外套》
The Confidence Man《邪盗魅影》
Billy budd《比利•巴德》
Bartleby《老板是空气》
Benito Cereno《班尼托.西兰诺》
Moby Dick《大白鲸》
Pierre皮尔埃;
2、Benjamin Franklin本杰明.富兰克林
The Poor Richard’s Almanac《格言历书》
Autography《自传》
The Way to Wealth致富之道;
3、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩
Common Sense《常识》
American Crisis《美国危机》
Concord Hymn康考德颂;
The Rhodo杜鹃花;
The Humble Bee野蜂;
Days日子-首开自由诗之先河
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