人教版高中英语必修一 Unit1 Friendship-语法篇(教师版)

Unit1 Friendship-语法篇

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通过本节课的学习掌握直接引语变间接引语的用法（1）

直接引语变间接引语（一）

一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）

从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题，分述如下：

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1.人称的变化

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。一随主：

①He said , “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)

②They said , “our parents often go shopping with us.”

→They said their parents often go shopping with them.

二随宾:

①He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”

→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。

(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)

②She said to Mary , “How is your brother now?”

→She asked Mary how her brother was then.

第三人称不更新:

①He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She’s

→she had，her不变，your →my)

③Mr. White said, “Hand is a good worker.”

2. 时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态要作出相应的

变化，当主句为一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态；当主

句为一般过去时，从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主

过从过，主现从随意”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：

can—could; may —might;

must — must/had to

（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引

语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：

①He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。

②He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”

→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

④She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”

她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”

→She said that she had not heard from him since May.

她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。

⑤He said, “I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”

→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。

⑥He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”