管理马斯洛--中文英文对照版.pdf
(完整版)罗宾斯《管理学》内容概要,中英文对照

罗宾斯《管理学》内容概要第一篇导论1章管理者和管理1、组织组织(organization)的定义:对完成特定使命的人们的系统性安排组织的层次:操作者(operatives)和管理者(基层、中层、高层)2、管理者和管理管理者(managers)的定义:指挥别人活动的人管理(management)的定义:同别人一起或者通过别人使活动完成得更有效的过程。
管理追求效率(efficiency)和效果(effectiveness)管理职能(management functions):计划(planning)、组织(organizing)、领导(leading)、控制(controlling)管理者角色(management roles):人际关系角色(interpersonal roles)、信息角色(information roles)、决策角色(decision roles)成功的管理者和有效的管理者并不等同,在活动时间上,有效的管理者花费了大量的时间用于沟通,而网络联系(社交等)占据了成功的管理者很大部分时间。
管理者在不同的组织中进行着不同的工作。
组织的国别、组织的类型、组织的规模以及管理者在组织中的不同层次决定了管理者的角色扮演、工作内容以及职能和作用。
2章管理的演进1、20世纪以前的管理:亚当·斯密的劳动分工理论(division of labor)产业革命(industrial revolution)2、多样化时期(20世纪):科学管理(scientific management):弗雷德里克·泰勒一般行政管理理论(general administrative theory):亨利·法约尔(principles of management)、马克斯·韦伯(bureaucracy)人力资源方法(human resources approach):权威的接受观点(acceptance view of authority),霍桑研究,人际关系运动(卡内基、马斯洛),行为科学理论家(behavioral science theorists)定量方法(quantitative approach)3、近年来的趋势(20世纪后期):趋向一体化过程方法(process approach)系统方法(systems approach):封闭系统和开放系统(closed systems)权变方法(contingency approach):一般性的权变变量包括组织规模、任务技术的例常性、环境的不确定性、个人差异4、当前的趋势和问题(21世纪):变化中的管理实践全球化(globalization)工作人员多样化(work force diversity)道德(morality)激励创新(innovations)和变革(changes)全面质量管理(total quality management, TQM):由顾客需要和期望驱动的管理哲学授权(delegation)工作人员的两极化(bi-modal work force)3章组织文化与环境:管理的约束力量1、组织组织文化(organizational culture)被用来指共有的价值体系。
managementglindex(管理学术语表·).docx

Management GlindexChapter 1 Management and Organizations1、Manager:管理者Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals .管理者是这样的人,他通过协调其他人的活动达到与别人一起或者通过别人实现组织目标的目的。
2、First-line managers :基层管理者Managers at the lowest level of the organization who manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who are involved With the production or the organization’s products是管理着非管理人员所从事的生产和提供组织产品的工作,是最低层的管理者3、Middle managers :中层管理者Mangers between the first-line level and the top level of the organization who manage the work of first-line managers处于基层和高层之间,管理着基层管理者。
4、Top manager :高层管理者Managers at or near the top level of the organization who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.处于或接近组织顶层,承担着制定广泛的组织决策,为整个组织制定计划和目标的责任。
马斯洛需求层次理论英语作文素材

马斯洛需求层次理论英语作文素材Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is a psychological framework developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. It provides a five-tier model of human needs, with each tier representing a different level of motivation and satisfaction. According to Maslow, individuals are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to higher-level needs.The first level of Maslow's hierarchy is physiological needs, which include basic requirements for survival such as food, water, and shelter. These needs must be met before individuals can progress to the next level of safety needs. Safety needs encompass feelings of security, stability, and protection from harm. Once these needs are met, individuals can focus on belongingness and love needs, which involve forming meaningful relationships and feeling accepted by others.The fourth tier of Maslow's hierarchy is esteem needs, which include feelings of accomplishment, recognition, and respect from others. Finally, the highest level of needs in the hierarchy is self-actualization, which involves achieving personal growth, self-improvement, and realizing one's full potential.Maslow believed that individuals strive to fulfill each level of needs in a sequential order, with higher-level needs becoming more prominent once lower-level needs are satisfied. However, he also recognized that individuals may prioritize different needs depending on their personal circumstances and life experiences.Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory has been widely influential in psychology, education, and business management. It has provided a useful framework for understanding human motivation, behavior, and personal development. By recognizing the diverse needs of individuals and the importance of meeting these needs, individuals and organizations can better support personal growth and well-being.In conclusion, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory offers valuable insights into the complex nature of human motivation and satisfaction. By recognizing and addressing the diverse needs of individuals, we can create environments that promote personal growth, fulfillment, and overall well-being.。
《管理学英语》参考译文Unit 2

Unite 2. Significance of Management管理的重要性Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the text below better, and then answer the questions after reading the text carefully.先看看下面的问题,这些问题将有助于你更好地理解后面的课文,仔细地读完课文后再回答这些问题。
1. How do you understand the sentence "This interdependence, and the prominent role of organizations in our lives, highlights the importance of management."?你怎么理解这句话:组织的杰出作用和组织之间的相互依赖性突出了管理的重要性。
2. Why do you think management is important for an organization? Please describe the reason in great detail.为什么你认为管理对一个组织是重要的?请详细地描述一下原因。
3. What is the essence of management theory in your viewpoint?你的观点中,管理理论的本质是什么?Simply speaking, management is what managers do. But in order to understand the definition of management, that statement seems too simple. To our great surprise, the variety of approaches to management analysis, the amount of research, and the great number of differing views have resulted in much confusion as to what management is, what management theory and science is, and how managerial events should be analyzed. As a matter of fact, Harold Koontz many years ago called this situation "the management jungle". Though new approaches have developed and older approaches have taken on some new meanings with some new words attached, the developments of management science and theory still have the characteristics of a jungle. Thus in this passage we want to discuss Importance of Management, Definition of Management, and Major functions of Management respectively.简单地说,管理就是管理者所做的事情。
管理学-管理学关键词中英文对照

管理学关键词中英文对照1.管理Manage2.管理的目标Management goal3.组织绩效Organization performance4.效益Effectiveness5.效率Efficiency6.管理的二重性Twoness of management7.管理职能Management functions8.计划Plan9.组织Organize10.指挥Command11.协调Coordinate12.控制Control13.计划职能Planning14.组织职能Organizing15.领导职能Leading16.控制职能Controlling17.管理学Management18.管理者Manager19.高层管理者Top managers20.中层管理者Middle managers21.基层管理者Fist-line managers22.组织层次Organizational levels23.管理者的角色The Role of the manager24.人际关系角色Interpersonal roles25.信息情报方面的角色Informational roles26.挂名首脑Figurehead27.监听者Monitor28.谈判者Negotiator29.决策方面的角色Decisional roles30.组织规模Organizational sale31.价值取向Value orientation32.管理者的素质Stuff of managers33.智力商数Intelligence Quotient, IQ34.情商Emotional Intelligence, EI35.情绪Mood36.情感智力Emotional Quotient, EQ37.管理技能Management skill38.技术技能Technical skill39.人际技能Human skill40.概念技能Conceptual skill41.劳动分工Divide of labor42.劳动生产力Prolificacy of work43.劳动时间Time of work44.科学管理理论Scientific management theory 45.工业革命Industrial revolution46.泰罗制Taylor’s Principles47.时间研究Labor time study48.动作研究Motion study49.一般管理理论General administrative theory 50.管理原则Principles of management51.行政组织理论Administrative organization theory 52.古典组织理论Classical organization theory 53.行政管理Administrative management54.官僚制Bureaucracy55.官僚行政组织Bureaucracy56.行为科学Behavior science57.霍桑效应Hawthorne effect58.组织行为Organization behavior59.行为科学理论Behavior school60.X –Y 理论Theory X Y61.X理论Theory X62.Y理论Theory Y63.管理理论丛林Management theory jungle64.管理过程学派Management process school 65.人际关系学派Human relation school66.人际关系Human relation67.群体行为学派Group behavior school68.经验(或案例)学派Experience school69.社会合作系统学派Social technical systems theory 70.社会技术系统学派Social technical systems theory 71.系统管理学派Systems theory school72.决策理论学派Decision theory school 73.管理科学学派Management science school 74.权变理论学派Contingencies theory school 75.权变Contingencies76.经理角色学派Manager role school77.企业文化Organization culture78.愿景Vision79.共同愿景Shared vision80.文化冲击Culture shock81.公司再造Company Reengineering82.准时生产(JIT)Just-in-time83.计算机集成制造系统(CIM)Computer integrated manufacturing 84.精益生产Lean manufacturing85.学习型组织Learning organization86.管理环境Managerial environment87.外部环境External environment88.内部环境Internal environment89.一般环境因素General environmental factors90.宏观环境因素Macro environmental factors91.直接作用因素Direct-action factors92.间接作用因素Indirect-action factors93.环境的复杂性Environmental complexity94.动态环境Dynamic environment95.PEST分析法, PEST(polictial,economic,social,technological) 96.政治与法律环境Political & Legal environment97.特殊任务环境Specific environment98.供应商Suppliers99.服务对象Service object100.顾客Customer101.竞争对手Competitors102.潜在竞争对手Potential competitors103.竞争环境Competitive environment104.竞争意识Competitive intelligence105.进入障碍Barriers to entry106.规模经济Economies of scale107.范围经济Economies of scope108.政府管理部门Government Management department109.特殊利益团体Special-interest groups110.组织内部环境Organizational environment111.组织文化Organizational culture112.使命Mission113.凝聚力Cohesiveness114.合作Collaboration115.核心竞争力Core competence116.环境设计Design for environment117.组织设计Organizational design118.社会责任Social responsibility119.社会义务Social obligation120.社会响应Social responsiveness121.管理道德Management ethics122.道德规范Morality rule123.伦理Ethics124.可持续发展Sustainable development125.全球化Globalization126.全球组织模式Global organization model127.全球性组织Global organization128.全球性外包Global outsourcing129.全球战略Global strategy130.组织利益相关者Stakeholders131.组织Organization132.组织绩效Organizational performance133.生产型组织Manufacture organization134.服务型组织Service organization135.私人组织Private organization136.公共组织Commonality organization137.正式组织Formal organization138.非正式组织Informal organization139.实体组织Entity organization140.虚拟组织Virtual organization141.商业计划Business plan142.企业家Entrepreneur143.企业家才能Entrepreneurship144.创业Entrepreneurship145.创业机会分析Opportunity analysis146.组织目标Organizational goals147.研究与开发(R&D)Research and development 148.目标管理(MBO)Management by objective 149.企业Enterprise150.小企业Small business151.企业法人Corporation152.组织的法律形式Legal forms of organization 153.独资企业Solely- invested enterprise154.个人业主制企业 Sole proprietorship155.合伙制企业Partnership enterprise156.公司制企业Corporation157.有限责任公司Limited liability partnership 158.股份有限公司Limited liability Company 159.无限公司Unlimited company160.两合公司Limited partnership161.企业集团Group company162.劳动密集型企业Labor denseness enterprise 163.资金密集型企业Capital denseness enterprise 164.知识密集型企业Knowledge denseness enterprise 165.股东Shareholder166.董事Director167.董事会Directorate168.监事Monitor169.总经理General manager170.首席执行官(CEO)Chief executive officer171.非营利性组织Nonprofit organitation172.企业生命周期The corporate lifecycles173.发展Development174.萌芽阶段Embryonic stage175.衰退阶段Decline stage176.环境的不确定性Environmental uncertainty 177.组织变革Organization transform178.障碍Obstacle179.核心能力Core competencies180.战略Strategy181.战略管理Strategic management182.战略单位Strategic business units183.企业战略Enterprise strategy184.业务战略Business stratagem185.战略实施Strategy implementation186.差异化Differentiation187.差异化战略Differentiation strategy188.集中战略Concentration strategy189.一体化Intgeration190.纵向一体化V ertical integration191.同业多样化战略Concentric diversification strategy 192.战略联盟Strategic alliance193.合作战略Cooperative strategies194.机会Opportunities195.威胁Threats196.优势Strengths197.劣势Weaknesses198.风险Venture199.SWOT分析SWOT analysis200.成长战略Growth strategies201.稳固战略Stability strategies202.撤退战略Retrenchment strategies203.战略方针Strategic policy204.战略目标Strategic goles205.战略步骤Strategic process206.战略重点Strategic keystone207.战略措施Strategic measure208.预测Forecasting209.长期预测Long-time forecast210.中期预测Metaphase forecast211.短期预测Short-time forecast212.定性预测方法Qualitative forecast213.定量预测方法Quantitative forecast214.德尔菲法Dalphi Method215.讨论Discussion216.集合意见法Jury of opinion217.头脑风暴法Brainstorming218.时间序列法Time series analysis models 219.因果分析法Cause and effect analysis models 220.回归分析预测法Regression modals221.决策Decision222.决策过程Decision –making process 223.问题Problem224.决策标准Decision criteria225.权重Weights226.备选方案Alternatives227.最优化决策Optimum decision228.满意Satisfied229.评价Evaluating230.直觉决策Intuitive decision231.定性决策Qualitative decision232.定量决策Quantitative decision233.战略决策Stratagem decision making234.战术决策Tactics decision235.程序化决策Programmed decision236.非程序化决策Nonprogrammed decision 237.确定型决策Certain decision238.风险型决策Risk decisions239.不确定型决策Uncertain decision240.长期决策Long-term decision241.中期决策Intermediate-term decision242.短期决策Short-term decision243.个人决策Person decision244.集体决策Group decision245.有限理性Bounded rationality246.量本利分析法Breakeven analysis247.盈亏平衡点Breakeven point248.固定成本Fixed costs249.变动成本Variable costs250.决策树Decision tree251.悲观决策法Pessimistic decision252.乐观决策法Optimistic decision253.折衷决策法Compromise decision254.机会均等决策法Occasion equalization decision 255.最小后悔值决策法Regardless decision 256.计划Plan257.执行计划Execute plan258.宗旨Aim259.使命Mission260.目标Goal261.战略Stratagem262.政策Policy263.程序Process264.规则Rule265.规划Program266.项目Project267.预算Budget268.环境扫描Environmental scanning269.长期计划Long-term plans270.中期计划Intermediate-term plans271.短期计划Short-term plans272.战略计划Strategic plans273.业务计划Operational plans274.综合计划Synthetic plans275.局部计划Department plans276.项目计划Project plans277.高层管理计划Top management plans278.中层管理计划Middle management plans279.基层管理计划Fist-line management plans280.生产计划Manufacture281.供应计划Provide plans282.新产品开发计划New product plan283.营销计划Marketing plans284.财务计划Finance plans285.人事计划Human plans286.情境计划Scenario planning287.后勤保障计划Service ensure plans288.指令性计划Mandatory plans289.指导性计划Directional plans290.派生(辅助)计划Derivative plans291.甘特图Gantt chart292.滚动计划方法Rolling plan technique293.网络计划技术Network plan technique294.项目评审法(PERT) Program Evaluation and review techniques 295.线性规划Linear programming296.组织Organizing297.组织结构Organizational structure298.组织工作Organize299.劳动分工Division of labor300.统一指挥Unity of command301.职权Authority302.职责Accountability303.直线权力Line authority304.参谋权力Staff authority305.职能权力Function authority306.组织设计Organizational design307.组织结构设计Organizational structure design 308.组织手册Organization handbook309.职位说明书Job description310.组织系统图Organization system chart 311.组织规模Organization scale312.机械式的结构Mechanistic organization 313.单件生产Unit production314.小量生产Small production315.成批生产Process production316.大量生产Mass production317.连续生产Continuum production318.目标原则Goal principle319.管理幅度Span of control320.指控链Chain of command321.管理层次Chain of command322.岗位设定Job design323.工作分析Job analysis324.岗位设定Job design325.岗位轮换Job rotation326.多样化培训Diversity training327.岗位扩大化Job enlargement328.岗位丰富化Job enrichment329.部门划分Departmentalization330.部门化Departmentalization331.职能部门Functional department332.产品部门化Product departmentalization 333.地区划分部分Geographical departmentalization 334.顾客划分部门Customer departmentalization 335.管理者的能力Ma nager’s ability336.扁平型组织Flattening organization337.锥型组织Awl organization338.组织构架Organizational architecture339.机械式组织Mechanistic organization340.有机式组织Organic organization341.集权Centralization of state power342.集权组织Centralized organization343.分权Decentralization of state power344.分权组织Decentralized organization345.委员会制Committee system346.直线制组织结构Line strcture347.职能制组织结构Functional structure348.直线职能制组织结构Line-functional structure349.事业部制组织机构Divisional structure350.矩陈制组织结构Matrix structure351.专门工作组Bottlegging352.模拟分权制组织Simulation Decentralized organization 353.网络结构Network structure354.领导Leading355.领导Leadership356.职位权力Position power357.个人影响Referent power358.合法权Legitimate authority359.奖赏权Reward power360.惩罚权Punish right361.模范权Exemplary right362.专长权Specialty right363.魅力权Glamour right364.感情权Affection right365.士气Morale366.领导风格Leadership styles367.专制作风Autocratic styles368.民主作风Democratic styles369.放任作风Laissez-faire styles370.领导行为理论Behavioral approach371.管理方格图Managerial grid chart372.贫乏型管理Impoverished management373.任务型管理Task management374.俱乐部型管理Country club management375.中庸型的管理Middle –of –the- road management 376.团队型的管理Team management377.领导权变理论Contingency theory378.菲德勒的权变理论Fiedler contingency model379.“任务导向型”的领导方式Task –oriented leadership 380.“关系导向型”的领导方式Relationship-oriented leadership 381.菲德勒模型The Fiedler model382.情境领导理论Situational leadership theory383.途径——目标理论Path –goal theory384.教练Coach385.指导Coaching386.授权Authorization387.沟通Communicate388.消息Message389.渠道Channel390.传言链Grapevine chains391.语言沟通Verbal communication392.非语言沟通Nonverbal communication393.身体语言Body language394.过滤Filtering395.正式沟通Formal communication396.非正式沟通Informal communication397.小道消息Grapevine398.横向沟通Horizontal communication399.单向沟通One –way communication400.对上沟通Upward communication401.对下沟通Downward communication402.斜向沟通Diagonal communication403.沟通网络Communication network404.链式沟通网络Chain communication network 405.环式沟通网络Round communication network 406.Y式沟通网络Y communication network407.纵向沟通网络Vertical communication network 408.轮式沟通网络Wheel communication network 409.全通道式沟通网络All channel communication network 410.团队管理Team management411.激励Motivation412.激励因素Motivators413.需求Needs414.诱因Inducement415.动机Motivation416.行为Action417.绩效Performance418.激励理论Motivation theory419.内容型激励理论Content motivation theory420.积极性Enthusiasm421.需求层次理论Hierarchy of needs theory422.需求Need423.需求层次Need hierarchy424.生理需要Physiological needs425.安全需要Safety needs426.社交需要Social need427.尊重需要Esteem need428.自我实现需要Self –actualization needs 429.“ERG”理论ERG theory430.存在需要Existence need431.关系需要Relatedness need432.成长需要Growth need433.成就激励论Three-need theory434.成就需要Need for achievement435.权力需要Need for power436.合群需要Need for affiliation437.双因素理论Two –factors theory438.激励——保健理论Motivation –Hygiene theory 439.保健因素Hygiene factors440.激励因素Motivation factors441.满意Satisfaction442.不满意Dissatisfaction443.过程型激励理论Process motivation theory 444.期望Expectancy445.期望理论Expectancy theory446.效价Valence447.努力Make great efforts448.期望Expectation449.公平理论Equity theory450.投入Input451.产出Outcomes452.公平Equity453.不公平Inequity454.外在强化Extrinsic rewards455.内在强化Intrinsic rewards456.强化理论Reinforcement theory457.正强化Positive reinforcement458.负强化Negative reinforcement459.规避性学习Avoidance learning460.修正行为Behavior modification461.搭便车Hitchhike462.投机心理Venture psychology463.消退Fade away464.目标激励法Goal –setting theory465.报酬激励法Reward –setting theory466.工资Wage467.津贴Allowance468.认可Certificate469.赞赏Admiration470.奖惩Rewards and punishment471.惩罚Punishment472.考评Appraise473.控制Control474.控制系统Control system475.信息Information476.反馈Feedback477.信息反馈Information feedback478.控制论Cybernectics479.偏差Warp480.纠正Rectify481.前馈控制Feedforward control482.实时控制Real-time control483.反馈控制Feedback control484.业绩考核Performance appraisals 485.财务报表Financial statement486.资产负债表Balance sheet487.损益表Income statement488.现金流量表Statement of cash flow 489.预算Budgeting490.预算控制Budgeting control491.财务预算Financial budget492.业务预算Operation budget493.销售预算Sell budget494.生产预算Production budget495.生产进度日程表Production schedule table 496.内部审计Internal audit497.外部审计External audit498.创新Innovation499.技术创新Technoiogical innovations 500.产品创新Product innovation501.流程再造Process reengineering502.产品设计Product design503.首席技术官Chief technology officier。
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■ Demographic and economic factors■ Shift to a service economy■ Technology advancements■ Independent lifestyle■ The Internet and cloud computing
■ Create more jobs than big businesses.► 65% of net new jobs over the last decade
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Small Businesses by IndustryCh 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship © . 1 - 25
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capitalize on them.Ch 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship © . 1 - 6
and assembling the necessary resources to
■ Women entrepreneurs■ Minority-owned enterprises
■ Immigrant entrepreneurs■ Part-time entrepreneurs
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■ 3% of small companies create 70% of net new jobs in theeconomy.► Gazelles (>20% growth, $100K+ sales)
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Ch 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship © . 1 - 3
Ch 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship © . 1 - 4
管理学罗宾斯11版中英文对照详解

第一部分•Efficiency效率P8–“Doing things right”–Getting the most output for the least inputs •Effectiveness效果–“Doing the right things”–Attaining organizational goalsThe Manager: P44Omnipotent or Symbolic?•Omnipotent View of Management管理万能论- the view that managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure.认为经理直接负责组织的成功或失败•Symbolic view of Management管理象征论- the view that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside managers’ control.认为一个组织的成功或失败大部分是由管理者控制之外的外部力量所造成的观点•What’s Your Global Perspective?全球观(全球视角)P71•Parochialism狭隘主义- viewing the world solely through your own perspectives, leading to an inability to recognize differences between people.•Ethnocentric Attitude民族中心论- the parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.本国取向•Polycentric Attitude多国论- the view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.东道国取向•Geocentric Attitude全球中心论–a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.全球取向•Multinational Corporation (MNC)跨国公司- a broad term that refers to any and all types of international companies that maintain operations in multiple countries. 任一或所有类型的在多国维持经营的国际性公司。
马斯洛需求层次理论英文版[优质ppt]
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Self-actualization needs
The request of reaching one's full potential as a person. Never fully satisfied.
Realising personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, peak experiences, etc.
How are you motivated to satisfy these unmet needs in your life today?
Esteem needs Do a good job in team cooperation.
Self-actualization needs Take something I like and get really good at it.
When you start your first job, what kinds of motivation will you seek?
Physiological needs Meet my basic needs.
Safety needs Financial reserves, safety workplace.
Esteem needs Be respected.
What will motivate you to succeed in life?
Esteem needs Self-esteem and personal worth.
Self-actualization needs Curiosity about my potential.
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执行摘要:现在社会中,竞争不再只停留在价格、资源上,而是逐渐演变人才的竞争。
要想留住优秀的人才,必须要有成熟的公司管理和激励机制。
然而,在一些公司之中,管理上往往存在诸多不足,比如奖惩机制服务标准不明确、员工事业心和成就感不足、归属感和认同感不足等。
本文以江苏江中建筑公司为例,运用马斯洛层次需要理论对公司管理激励机制进行了分析评价,发现存在的问题以及问题产生的主要原因,提出完善公司管理激励机制的对策和建议,为我国其他相似类型的公司的激励机制建设提供借鉴经验。
目录1背景介绍 (1)1.1马斯洛需求层次理论 (1)1.2选取马斯洛需求层次理论的原因 (1)2.以江苏江中集团为例进行分析 (1)2.1公司基本情况 (1)2.2出现的问题 (2)2.2.1管理观念落后 (2)2.2.2管理与考核机制脱节 (2)2.2.3没有健全的员工培训体系 (2)2.3应用马斯洛层次需求理论探讨解决办法 (3)2.3.1满足员工生理需求、安全需求的激励措施 (3)2.3.2满足员工社会交往需求、尊重需求的激励措施 (3)2.3.3满足员工自我实现需求的激励措施 (3)3.总结建议 (4)4.参考文献 (4)1背景介绍1.1马斯洛需求层次理论马斯洛需求层次理论又称"基本需求层次理论",是由心理学家马斯洛提出。
马斯洛理论把需求分成生理需求、安全需求、归属与爱的需求、尊重需求和自选取马斯洛需求层次理论的原因之所以选择马斯洛层次需要理论,是因为马斯洛需求层次理论在一定程度上反映了人类行为和心理活动的共同规律。
马斯洛从人的需要出发探索人的激励和研究人的行为,抓住了问题的关键;马斯洛指出了人的需要是由低级向高级不断发展的,这一趋势基本上符合需要发展规律的。
大多数人的需要结构很复杂,无论何时都有许多需求影响着我们的行为。
一般来说,只有在较低层次的需求得到满足之后,较高层次的需求才会有足够的活力驱动行为。
满足较高层次需求的途径多于满足较低层次需求的途径。
2.以江苏江中集团为例进行分析2.1公司基本情况江苏江中集团是从一个小作坊,一步一步发展到具有国家特级企业资质的建筑施工单位,下辖了10个土建公司和其他一些全资子工资。
公司的组织结构实行董事长负责制,分公司总经理负责制。
总经理全权负责子公司的运营情况,每年定期向总部交利润30%管理费,其他资金用于公司的后续发展,其管理模式在中国同类企业中比较典型。
公司的员工10000余人,人力资源丰富,方便发现其中问题。
江苏江中有自己的企业精神,是“求真务实,开拓创新”,理念是坚持以“人才是核心,质量是中心,发展是生命”的,经营宗旨是“诚信为本,用户至上,铸建筑精品,竖时代丰碑”。
2.2出现的问题江苏江中集团自从成立以来,发展十分迅速。
它经历了中国历史上建筑业最辉煌的十年。
在这十年里,江苏江中集团在积累雄厚的资金的同时,也积累了丰富的管理经验。
尽管江苏江中集团各个方面做得很好,但是也难以逃离企业管理中的一些通病。
2.2.1管理观念落后江苏江中集团的项目经理,一般都是从最底层的员工做起的,没有管理知识的背景,文化程度普遍不高。
有些经理认为,员工激励是一件常规性的工作,无须花太多的精力。
其结果呢,直到发现很多人才频繁跳槽,才真正认识到员工激励方面的失败。
在公司内部,难逃家族管理的通病。
很多要职,都是由董事长或者项目经理亲自制定。
管理人员几乎都是亲戚,排资论辈现象严重。
江苏江中集团没有从管理观念上建立对于人才的激励机制,没有去除掉限制企业进一步发展的家族管理问题。
管理观念的落后是制约公司发展的瓶颈。
2.2.2管理与考核机制脱节尽管经历了十多年的发展,公司内部企业管理制度并不是很健全。
很多时候,没有设定工作标准,难以对员工进行合理的业绩考核。
我们知道缺乏考核依据,激励便是无源之水。
激励下属应当有依据,这个依据就是对工作业绩的考核。
考核要按照规章制度严格进行,不是经理说做得好就是好。
公司内部没有营造好公平、公正、客观的氛围。
满足不了员工的基本需求和愿望,离职率自然就会高,员工的积极程度就会降低,自然就不会在工作中全力以赴。
2.2.3没有健全的员工培训体系员工培训对于员工来说,是一项福利,是指员工技能培训和员工素质培训。
每一个有上进心的员工都想通过培训,提升自己。
江苏江中集团没有深入地进行员工培训,只是培训项目经理等一些高管,技术员等底层员工的培训少。
没有使绝大多少数员工不断的更新知识,开拓技能,进而没有改变员工的工作动机、态度和行为,没有使员工更好的胜任现职工作或担负更高级别的职务。
满足不了员工学习新知识的需求,员工在公司内部发展看不到希望,看不到进步的空间,自然就会失去积极性,失去对公司的忠诚度。
2.3应用马斯洛层次需求理论探讨解决办法企业要想发展好,必须善于学习新知识,改正存在缺点。
针对对江苏江中集团分析后提出的问题,应用马斯洛层次需求理论,提出以下改革方法。
2.3.1满足员工生理需求、安全需求的激励措施生理需求和交往需求是员工最基本的需求,任何需求都是在这个基础上产生的。
实现员工的生理需求和安全需求较为简单,只要做好最基本的事情,这类需求均能满足。
比如:提供医疗保险或者商业保险,提供良好的住宿,失业保险;制定相关安全政策,保护员工的合法权益,采取额外措施,使员工不受外界暴力伤害;雇佣保安人员,定期做好防火检查;聘请专业厨师,为员工提供可口的饭菜;平等如一对待每一位员工,让每一个员工都觉得自己不受歧视。
所以,在公司内部,一定要针对不同的人需求作出不同的管理安排,在此基础上,实现人力资源效益的最大化。
2.3.2满足员工社会交往需求、尊重需求的激励措施一方面,建立人才培训制度。
可以满足员工对于知识的渴望,可以提升员工的实际工作能力。
通过培训,员工觉得自己得到了公司的重视,对未来充满向往,进而满足了员工社会交往需求、尊重需求。
比如可以让项目经理去读MBA,可以让技术员去学校培训,考取相应资格证书。
另一方面,建立绩效考评制度。
绩效考评制度是对照工作目标或绩效标准,采用一定的考评方法,评定员工的工作任务完成情况、员工的工作职责履行程度和员工的发展情况,并将上述评定结果反馈给员工的一种制度。
让员工觉得,付出才有成就,努力就会成功。
绩效考聘制度要尊重员工的意见,帮助员工脱颖而出。
2.3.3满足员工自我实现需求的激励措施管理观念落后和家族管理的壁垒,让很多优秀的人才望而却步。
有这种需求的员工,一般层次是最高的,是企业的宝贵财产。
解决的方法是:一方面,要表现出对人才的重视程度,在尊重的基础上提供员工独当一面的机会,帮助员工实现其最终目标,这样员工才能留在公司继续发展;另一方面,根据实际情况建立起激励机制,要让员工明确工作目标,并且清楚实现目标后能得到什么回报,这才能调动大家积极性,促进企业的发展,进一步帮助员工超越自我,实现人生价值。
只有满足了员工自我实现的需求,这些优秀的人才才会继续保持旺盛的斗志,才会继续为公司效力。
3.总结建议马斯洛的需求层次理论是研究组织激励时应用得最广泛的理论。
我们知道,每一位员工都有自己的长期目标和短期目标,都在力图满足某种需求,一旦一种需求得到满足,就会有另一种需要取而代之。
所以这个过程是长期的,循序渐进的。
以此看来,公司制定的激励机制,一定要有针对性和灵活性,对员工进行区别化管理。
应用马斯洛层次需求理论,探明员工的现在需求和长远需求,在管理好员工的同时,实现公司的最大效益和长远发展。
4.参考文献[1]潘连柏、伍娜.《管理学原理》,2013.[2]陈福稀. 马斯洛层次理论在企业管理中的运用.《中小企业管理与科学》,2002.[3]郭明. 马斯洛“需要层次理论”评析.《商丘师范学院学报》,2007.[4]华雪. 马斯洛层次需求理论在图书管理中的运用.《中国西部科学》,2013.[5]田园. 基于马斯洛层次理论试论企业员工组织忠诚度.《东方企业文化》,2013.Executive Abstract:In today's society, competition gradually becomes the talent competition not only staying in the price and resources. In order to retain talent, enterprizes must have the management and incentive mechanism. However, in some companies,there are many problems existing such as the rewards,punishment mechanism,unclear service standards, the staff dedication,sense of achievement and belonging and identitying problems etc.. This article takes Jiangsu Jiangzhong construction company as the example and use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory to analyze and evaluate the company management incentive mechanism .we find that the problems of company management incentive mechanism and main causes.At last,this article puts forward measures and suggestions to provide reference for the construction of the incentive mechanism of other similar types company in China.Directory1 Introduction (1)1.1Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory (1)1.2 reasons for selection of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory (1)2 Taking Jiangsu Jiangzhong group as an example (1)2.1 The basic situation of the company (1)2.2 Problems (2)2.2.1 management concepts backward (2)2.2.2 Management is not based on evaluation mechanism (2)2.2.3Employee training system is not perfect (2)2.3Application of Maslow's hierarchy needs theory (3)2.3.1Measures to meet Physiological needs and Safety needs (3)2.3.2Measures to meet Love and belonging needs and Esteem needs (3)2.3.3Measures to meet Self-actualization (3)3 Recommendations (4)4 Reference (4)1 Introduction1.1Maslow's hierarchy of needs theoryMaslow's hierarchy of needs theory is also called the "hierarchy theory of needs", put forward by psychologist Maslow. Maslow's theory of the demand is divided into Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belonging needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualization, followed by a lower level to a higher level, as shown in figure 1.Figure 11.2 reasons for selection of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theoryThis article Choses Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory because Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory reflects the common law of human behavior and mental activities in a certain extent. Maslow seized the key issue from the people's needs and motivation to explore and studying the behavior of people; Maslow pointed out that human needs are constantly developing from lower level to higher level and this trend is basically accord with law of development needs. Most people’s need structures are very complex and there are many needs affectin our behaviors. In general, higher level needs have sufficient vitality driving behavior only the lower levels be met.The waya to meet the needs of higher level are more than the ways to satisfy the lower level requirements.2 Taking Jiangsu Jiangzhong group as an example2.1 The basic situation of the companyJiangsu Jiangzhong group is a construction unit developing from a small workshop and has a national class enterprise qualification, ownning 10 construction companies.The organizational structure of the company is the chairman responsibility system and the branch general manager responsibility system. The general manager is responsible for operating subsidiaries and submits annual profit 30%management fee to the headquarters.The last funds are for the subsequent development of the company. Its management mode in the similar enterprises is typical. The company has。