中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换

主动语态与被动语态

一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:

1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked

2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked

3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked

4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked

5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked

6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked

7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked

8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked

9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked

10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked

11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked

12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词

四. 用法：

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

五. 方法：

Many people speak English.(主动语态)

English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）

六. 注意以下问题：

A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .

用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.

用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.

eg.

1. Mary gave him some books.

He was given some books by Mary.

Some books were given to him by Mary.

2. Her father bought her a new bike.

She was bought a new bike by her father.

A new bike was bought for her by her father.

B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

eg. 1. We call him Gina.

He is called Gina (by us).

2. They made me happy.

I was made happy( by them).

3. He asked me to come here.

I was asked to come here (by him)

C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。

eg.

1. We saw them play football just now.

They were seen to play football just now.

2. We often hear her sing in English.

She is often heard to sing in English.

D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。

eg.

1. People often talk about that film.

That film is often talked about.

2. We should speak to the old people politely.

The old people should be spoken to politely.

E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .=

All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .

被动语态专项练习

1. A large number of people speak French in Paris.

French ____ ______ ____a large number of people in Paris.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou.

3. Does he clean the room every day?

______the room______ ______ ______every day?

4. We often sing this song. ____________________________________________.

5. Does he clean the room every day?

______the room______ ______ ______every day?

6. Did he paint the window red? ______the window_____ _____ ______ ______?

7. My cousin repaired the broken watch.

The broken watch ____ _____ _____my cousin.

8. They built a bridge between the two islands last year.

A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year.

9. Where did they plant trees? Where _________ trees _________?

10. He broke his leg in the match. ________________________.

11.We will give a birthday party tomorrow.

___________________________________________.

12. She will sell her house soon. ___________________________________________.

13. We will build a new library this year.

A new library______ _______ _______by_______this year.

14.People are still cutting down too many trees in the USA.

______________________________________________________.

15. He is repairing the machine. ___________________________________________.

16. Are they teaching foreign languages there?

______foreign languages________ ________there?

17. Are you going to make a new plane?

____a new plane_____ _____ ______ _____?

18. He has finished his work. ________________________________________.

19. Have they finished the new project?

______the new project______ _______by______?

20. We should plant the trees around the lake.

The trees _____ _____ ______around the lake.

21. You can borrow two books at a time.

Two books _________ _________ _________ at a time.

22. We call maths the language of science.

Maths _________ _________ the language of science.

23.The teacher made the students copy the text.

The students _________ _________ _________ copy the text.

24.Someone saw John cross the street just now.

John _______ _______ _______ ______ the street just now by someone.

25. The boss made the workers work all day

The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.

26. He gave me a book

I ______ ______ a book by him.

A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .

27. My mother made me a cake .

I ____ _____ a cake by my mother

A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .

28. I heard Tom singing just now

Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .

29. We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .

30. My aunt bought me a present on my birthday.

I ____ _____a present by my aunt on my birthday.

A present _____ ____ _____me by my aunt on my birthday.

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．马上要初中毕业了，大家都是依依不舍的。班主任决定在下周举办一场“My Life At School” 主题班会 , 邀请全班同学参加。请你根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。

My Life At School

How time flies! It's unbelievable that I'm going to graduate from my beloved school.

【答案】My Life At School

How time flies! It’s unbelievable that I’m going to graduate from my beloved school. There are many things to remember.

In the junior school, I got along well with my classmates. The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia. I learned a lot from the experience. I also remember I served as volunteer to help others. Certainly, there were also unhappy things. My good friend Li Hua went to another school. I was very sad. Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing.

I hope I can go to a dream school and make more new friends. I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇作文要求我们以My Life At School为题，写一篇发言稿。题目中利用表格的形式，展示了文章的具体内容，学生们可以此为提纲进行写作。审题可知，这篇短文应主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时，注意根据表达需要使用正确时态，并注意谓语动词的正确形式。内容应主要包括三部分：首先是初中三年里的美好回忆；然后是不开心的事情；最后展望自

己未来的高中生活。表格中有非常具体的提示，但不能逐词翻译表格中的短语，应把他们

变成自己的话，并用英语表达出来。写作时应注意：文章中应包括表格中的所有信息，不

能遗漏要点；第三部分的内容中还需要自己发挥想象力进行补充，注意应合情合理，与上

文很好地衔接。另外注意句式结构要符合英语的表达习惯，用完整的句子表达。句式结构

可以简单句为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂句式的使用，提升作文档次。同时

语句之间使用适当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。

【点睛】

这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并展望了未来。

短文有以下几个特点：首先文章内容完整，结构清晰。短文分三段，第一段基本是题目中

给出的开头，作者使用一句话引出下文；第二段是主体，介绍了过去美好的回忆以及不开

心的事情；最后一段对未来进行了展望。各部分内容安排合理，有层次、有条理。其次短

文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，注意了动词正确形式的变化。句式

结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。语言准确、得体，表达自然、流畅。短文中使用了丰富

的句型和短语，如The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia.Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing.I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.等。

3．假如你是李明，5月18日星期六这一天，你与几位同班同学一起参观了水上公园(Water Park)。请根据下面的内容提示，写一篇日记。

(1)乘.坐大巴约一小时后到达目的地，游客多；

(2)上午划船，下午看了许多动物，例如…：

(3)碰到几位外国朋友并与他们交谈：

(4)看到了乱扔垃圾、插队等不良现象：

(5)你的感想…

参考词汇：.插队cut in line

要求：

(1)词数：80?100个。

(2)短文的开头己给出，不计入总词数

(3)要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥?

May 18, Saturday Fine Today I visited Water Park with several of my

classmates.______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

【答案】May 18, Saturday Fine

Today I visited Water Park with several of mv classmates. It took us about an hour to get there by bus. When we arrived, there were a lot of visitors.

In the morning, we went boating and enjoyed ourselves. We saw many animals, such as pandas, giraffes and monkeys in the afternoon. They are so lovely. We met some foreign guests and talked with them happily. However, during our visit we saw some people throwing rubbish and cutting in line.

In my opinion, it is our duty to protect the environment and follow the rules in public. And I hope changes will take place in the future.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇给材料作文，要求写参观日记。动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言，列出简单提纲，确定句子的时态和关键单词等问题。为了使语言更显亲切，在写作时主语用第一人称，时态以一般过去时为主。同时注意时间状语与时态的搭配及主谓一致问题，适当使用连词，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误，做到语意连贯。

【点睛】

此类作文首先要做的就是认真阅读题目要求，结合所给材料确定内容，不能跑题偏题。写作中注意一些基础的写作常识，不犯低级错误。只要平时积累足够，就一定能获得满意的分数。另外为了应对考试，可以有选择的背诵一些范文，这样应考时就会有法可依。

4．三年的初中生活即将结束，你一定对初中生活留下了很多美好的回忆。下周五你班要召开毕业班会，请根据下面的英文提示，并适当发挥，以“I remember ”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，分享你校园生活中的一次活动或经历。

要点如下：1. What’s the event?

2. When and where did it happen?

3. How did you feel at that moment?

4. How has the event changed your life?

注意：1.短文需包含以上要点，并适当发挥。

2.短文中已给出的部分，不计入总词数。

3.短文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等相关信息。

I remember

How time flies! My junior school life is coming to an end.

【答案】I remember

How time flies, my junior school life is coming to an end. I had a lot of memories during the three years’ study. What impressed me most is the school charity sale.

When I was in Grade Eight, our school planned to hold a charity sale to help the children in poor areas. We prepared well for the activity. We made some postcards, bookmarks, and even some kites in our spare time.

Finally, the big day came. The charity sale was held on our playground. We felt nervous at first, then our teachers came to join us. They encouraged us and gave us some help, so we became happy and excited. Everything went well. Our class got nearly 800 yuan in the end. Then we sent the money to Project Hope to help those poor children.

It was a wonderful and unforgetta ble experience and I’ve learned a lot from the activity. If everyone gives a helping hand to those in need, the world will be much better.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如come to an end，plan to do，a lot of，hold a charity sale，prepare for，in our spare time，hold on，at first，come to join us，give us some help，in the end，a lot，in need等。而复杂并列结构It was a wonderful and unforgettable experience and I’ve learned a lot from the activity./ We felt nervous at first, then our teachers came to join us.和When I was in Grade Eight, our school planned to hold a charity sale to help the children in poor areas./ They encouraged us and gave us some help, so we became happy and excited./ If everyone gives a helping hand to those in need, the world will be much better.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

5．亲爱的同学们，初中生活即将结束，你们一定有很多的感触.假如你是Tony,名城中学九（1）班的学生。请以 My junior high school life为题,写一篇80词左右的短文。

提示：

1.个人基本情况介绍

2.校园（校园干净而美丽，活动非富多彩）；老师（传授知识，教会做人,经常鼓励）；同学（和睦相处，互相学习，共同进步）。

3.对学校、老师、同学表达感谢和祝福。

要求：

1. 文章包含以上提示内容，适当发挥。

2.文中不能出现真实的校名和人名。

【答案】My junior high school life

My name is Tony. I am studying in Grade 9.As time goes by, my colorful junior middle school life is coming to an end. I’m glad to tell you something about my school life.

Our campus is clean and beautiful, and there are all kinds of activities. Our teachers teach us rich knowledge and how to behave ourselves. They also encourage us to work hard. We all get on well with our classmates. Besides, we learn from each other and make progress together.

I thanks for my school, my teachers and my classmates. Wish them better.

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇给材料作文，介绍我的初中生活。

【详解】

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：My name is……，I’m glad to……，Our campus is……，Our teachers teach us……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】

本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了我的个人情况，接下来介绍我们的校园，老师和同学，最后对学校、老师、同学表达感谢和祝福。此处go by, come to an end, tell sb about sth, all kinds of, behave oneself, encourage sb to do sth, get on with, learn from, make progress等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。

6．假如你是光明中学的李阳，你看到了动物保护组织Animal Group的招聘信息，请你依据主要提示，给Animal Group的主席Mr. Mario写一封邮件，并表达自己想当志愿者的意愿。

写作要点：

1.表达自己想当志愿者的心愿。

2.向Animal Group介绍自己。

( 1) 我是李阳，15岁。

(2) 喜欢喂养小动物，运动，读书。

(3) 乐于助人，有爱心。

3．至少说出两点你想要参加动物保护组织的原因。

Dear Mr. Mario ,

How are you doing?

Looking forward to your reply!

Yours Sincerely,

Li Yang 【答案】I really hope I can be a volunteer of Animal Group. I'm Li Yang. I'm 15 years old. I like feeding small animals, sports, reading. I am a very loving boy. I often help others. I like small animals and want to help them.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇给材料作文。本文给出了一些要点，并给出了作文的开头。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把要点表达出来，并适当发挥想象说出自己的观点。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不要遗漏要点，并适当发挥。根据材料内容可知本文主要是用一般现在时态来写，要注意主谓一致等问题。写作中要适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系

【点睛】

这篇短文用正确的语句表达了每一个要点。学习中注意总结,牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用,使文章的表达更有逻辑性,更富有条理。

7．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计人总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①

假如你是李华，明天下午2:00你要去参加“传统文化才艺展示”活动，因此不能上英语课。请用英文给你们的外教John写一张请假条，告诉他你要去干什么，为什么要参加这个活动以及你保证按时完成作业。

提示词语:traditional talent show, Chinese culture, ask, help

提示问题:.What will you do tomorrow afternoon?

Why will you take this activity?

How will you finish your homework?

Dear John,

I'm sorry to ask for absence from your English lesson.__________________

______________________________________________________________

Your loring student

Li lHua

题目②

一位好老师，胜过万卷书。在你的初中生活中，一定会有一位老师给你留下了深刻印象。

某英文网站正在开展以“Thank you, my teacher”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，让更多的人认识你的老师，同时表达你对他/她的感激之情。主要内容包括: 哪位老师给你留下了深刻印象，发生了什么事使你印象深刻以及你想对他/她说些什么。

提示词语：kind, helpful，talk with，make progress

提示问题：Which teacher impressed you most?

What happened to make you impressed?

What do you want to say to him/her?

Thank you,my teacher

【答案】题目一：

Dear John,

I'm sorry to ask for absence fom your English lesson. I'm going to aend a traditional talent show at 2:00 tomorrow aftermoon.

In order to let the foreign students in our school know more about Chinese culture, our school holds this talent show. I will introduce Chinese painting in English.

I will ask my classmates to help me with my English. And I promise to finish my homework on time.

Your loring student

Li Hua

题目二：

Among all my teachers, my English teacher impressed me most. She is always kind and helpful. last year, I did badly in a big test and I found English too hard. As soon as she found out this, she talked with me and gave me some helpful advice. With her encouragement, I have made great progress.

I really want to say"Thank you for helping me. I love you!" to my English teacher.

【解析】

【详解】

、

题目①

本文是一篇应用文，作文要求写一张请假条，因此格式要遵循假条的格式。假条的内容——时间和事由均给出，结合提示问题可知假条主要从三个方面写，这三个方面需要作者自由发挥一部分内容。

本例文是一篇应用文，人称为第一人称，时态是以一般将来时为主。例文分成三段，根据提示问题，每段成一行，这种写法条理清晰，分段明确。

高分亮点：ask for；absence from；一般将来时；in order to；help sb with sth；promise to do；on time。

题目②

题目二是一篇话题作文，根据话题可知这是一篇感谢老师的文章。人称应该为第一人称。注意给出的提示问题，文章要包含这三部分的内容。

本例文以第一人称书写，时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时。文章第一段介绍“我”要感谢的老师，第二段用一般过去时介绍为什么“我”要感谢老师，第三段表达“我”的感谢。分段明确，语句简洁不啰嗦，时态运用合理。

高分亮点：Among all my teachers；did badly in；As soon as；found out；talked with；现在完成时；want to do sth。

8．请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿。

参考词汇：enter society 进入社会， sense of thanks 感恩意识， behavior 行为

要求：1.短文应包括所提供的所有内容，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译；

2.演讲稿中不得出现真实的人名、地名及能够透露你个人身份的信息；

3.词数：80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speec h today is “Learn to express

thanks”.______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________

___________________

In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we

should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.

Thank you for your listening!

【答案】书面表达参考范文（一）：

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t show any sense of thanks.

I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they give us courage and support.

In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and so on. At present, we should study harder in order to make our world more beautiful.

Thank you for your listening!

书面表达参考范文（二）：

Learn to express thanks

Good morning, boys and girls!

The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find most Middle School student s don’t show any sense of “Thanks”. They think that they are certain of eating well and wearing fashionable clothes.

As Middle School students, we should learn to express thanks. We should thank our parents for supporting us to go to school. And we should express thanks to our hardworking teachers who teach us much knowledge. Besides, our friends always give us encouragement and help.

In a word, we are lucky in everything. But we should learn to express thanks. In the future, I should study harder to repay our parents and teachers. I should go to my friends to share their happiness and sadness.

Thank you for your listening!

【解析】

这是一篇给材料作文，要求写一篇关于感恩的演讲稿。写作中注意将材料按照材料提示进行介绍，通过材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写出关键单词。写作中注意使用连接词，做到语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。由于是演讲类作文，尤其注意应用一些常见句式、短语来提高我们的表达水平。

9． Have you got anything that is branded on your memory, making you feel happy, satisfied, proud or just feel sad, terrible, and regretful? Maybe you did it, experienced it, read it, saw it or only heard of it.

Please write a composition with the title “The ________ thing that I have ever ________” to share your story. The following information should be included:

1. How did you get the story?

2. When and where did it happen?

3. What happened exactly?

4. Why is it branded on your memory? Please list at least two reasons.

【答案】请参考范文：

The happy thing that I have ever experienced

This is a story of my own experience, from this thing, I really felt my father's love for me, warm and deep love.

I was born in a poor family,My parents live a simple life.When I was 8 years old, I was in Grade 3 of primary school. I liked watching others play the piano. In fact, I liked the beautiful picture of playing the piano.

Suddenly one day, my father took me to a nice https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c1197680.html,ter, I learned that it was a piano training center, learning piano was very expensive, but my father helped me find a piano teacher.So I learned the piano from my teacher there.

Three months later, I played the piano to my father, but I did not play well. The teacher told my father that maybe I had no gift for it.He advised my father to give up.But my father said that if I would like to play the piano, he didn't give up. I was moved by my father's encourgement.

【解析】

【详解】

本文是关于自己经历或看到的故事为话题的材料作文，要求根据内容要点来写作。学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。高分句型：This is a story of my own experience, from this thing, I really felt my father's love for me, warm and deep love.这是一个关于我自己经历的故事，从这件事上，我真的感受到了爸爸对我的爱，温暖而深沉的爱。Suddenly one day, my father said to take me to a nice place.突然有一天，爸爸说带我去一个好地方。But my father said as long as I am happy on the line, it doesn't matter.但是我爸爸说只要我高兴就行，没关系。

【点睛】

注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型,避免出现汉语表达。

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