历年考研英语一试题答案(XX)
2024年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. t he need to be touched to open orclose,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 Crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinityas a signal to open.Sensor typesare chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as itwould constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 tolimit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving[D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience[C]guidance [D]reference4. [A]previously[B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out[C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits[D]sources7. [A]useful[B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9. [A]As well as[B]In terms of [C]Thanksto [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11 .[A]allow[B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on[D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses[C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example D]Aboveall19.[A]identify [B]suit[C]secure [DJinclude20.[ A]appropriate[B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began topull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered bytwo metresof gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?Thelikely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the localCaledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon- grade iron.The Romans buried thenails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As RomaAgrawal explains in her new delightful bookNuts and Bolts,early 17th- century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after siting the ashes The idea that one mightbum down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuablethesimple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700sand mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.Accordingto Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper ironand cheaperenergy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changedmuch.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports carssince 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I makeno apology for being obsessedby a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.Afterwriting two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's thecheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the natureof writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they aretransforming the global energy system21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding themfrom the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustrate the high statusof blacksmihs in that period[C]contrastthe attitudes of different civilisations towardnailsD]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced costof raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]haveremained basically thesamesince Roman times[C]are less studied than other everydayproducts[D]areone of the world's most significant inventions25.Whichof the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheaptechnologies bring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology definespeople's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.Theidea is based on studiesof communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and*baby-wearing",in which infants are carried in slings,isconsidered the nom.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxietyfor children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's homewith a nursery.The residents help tolook after the children,an arangementakin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal ofChild Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the westerm nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such naratives can lead to matemal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"theywrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeksold and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parentsnow had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and matermal depression,which could have a “knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to threeWhile hunter-gatherer children leamt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instruc tive teaching”,wherepupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore thepossibility that older siblings helpin g their parents “might also enhance their own socialdevelopment.”26.Accordingto the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child careamong community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting detailsto older children[D]carrying infants around by their parent27.The scheme in Germanyis mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between westem African ways of living28.According toParagraph 4,the “"intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviateparenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results inthe child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we leam about nursery in theUK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-childratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For a happier family,leam from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,abetter choice for lonelychildren[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is aPolish digital artistwhouses classical painting styles tocreatedreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons &Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights afierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Intemet,oftenwithout permission andproper attribution to artistsAs a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in theDiscord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for hisname to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought backwork that had his name attached to it butwasn't his.“It'sbeen just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out therebecause[the intermet]willbe floodedwithAI art,“Rutkowski says.“"That's concerning.”There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.Thegroup is in its earlydays of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forgepartnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting[B]He is popular with the users of an AIart generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles[C]make unauthorized use of online images[D]collect user information withoutconsent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identifyAI images[C]AI-generated work bearing his nameD]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulations[B]offer their services to public institutions[C]strengthen their relationshipswith AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for AImodeltraining35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle ofthe ChesapeakeBay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh andsaline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homesfor hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities frompotentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risklate last month,when the US Supreme Court issued aruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically,a54 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must have a “continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatoryscope was a victory for builders,mining operators andothercommercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsightedview,particularly whenit comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia, Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protectionsnowdenied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,but all? That seems unlikelyIt is tooeasy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of landowners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder thatthey EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year 's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enomous impacts downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enomous stakes involved. We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National WildlifeRefuge in Dorchester Countywhere American bald eaglesfly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph l as[A]a value natural environment[B]acontroversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache fornearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforceswater pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will end conflicts among local residents[D]may face opposition from mining operators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What canbe infered about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored thebalance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered aradicalreform in commercial fisheries.[C]Ithas set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statementssummarizing the comments.Choose thebest statement from the list A-G for eachnumbered name (41—45).There are two extra choices which youdo not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are peoplein Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their culturalheritage and historyand as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that theseartifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration ofthe generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can bepassedfrom hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museuns andgovernments mightexplore some rolefor the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibitis more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object andwhat is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of theobjects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinesesculpture.It inspired meto leamn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museumshave the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I dofeel that whatever artifactsfind their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.(44) VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreigncountries shouldbe returned...(缺失)(45)JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are havingstrong feeling about artifactsbeing removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider.(缺失)[A]It is clear thatcountries of origin have never been compensatedfor stolen artifacts[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still leam as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent andlawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin参考答案：41. E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections;Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephant also known as theAfrican bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and arevery good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they ha ve “remarkable spatial acuity”,when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasionfrom a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell maywell play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected theirfood.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because thein eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carrieda long way,andthey are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores —to thebest food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a “fo od s tation”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within each patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。
历年考研英语真题与答案 (1)
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I:Structure and VocabularyIn each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught________the rain yesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]l.Those two families have been quarrelling________each other for many years.[A]to[B]between[D]with2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared________tobacco products.[A]in[B]with[C]among[D]by3.“How often have you seen cases like this?”one surgeon asked another.“Oh, ________times,I guess,”was the reply.[A]hundred of[B]hundreds[C]hundreds of[D]hundred4.Give me your telephone number________I need your help.[B]unless[C]so that[D]in case5.You sang well last night.We hope you’ll sing________.[A]more better[B]still better[C]nicely[D]best6.Those people________a general understanding of the present situation.[A]lack of[B]are lacking of[C]lack[D]are in lack7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work that he felt________ lonely.[A]nothing but[B]anything but[C]all but[D]everything but8.Grace________tears when she heard the sad news.[A]broke in[B]broke into[C]broke off[D]broke through9.She refused to________the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.[A]hand in[B]hand out[C]hand down[D]down10.Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes________to American audiences.[A]around[B]over[C]across[D]down11.The book contained a large________of information.[A]deal[B]amount[C]number[D]sum12.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable________to the total cost of the product.[A]proportion[B]correlation[C]connection[D]correspondence13.When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to________her umbrella.[A]carry[B]fetch[C]bring[D]reach14.We must________that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.[A]assure[B]secure[C]ensure[D]issue15.He was knocked down by a car and badly________.[A]injured[B]damaged[C]harmed[D]ruinedSection II:Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)Text1In May l989,space shuttle“Atlantis”released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,”which is now on her15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus.A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth;it is the only other object in the solar system,in fact,that even comes close to earth’s size.Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff,and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds.It is also the closest planet to earth,and thus the most similar in distance from the sun.In short,Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of“earth’s twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some900F.Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about90times Earth’s:High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2)that passes for air is a layer of clouds,perhaps10to20miles thick,whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid(H2SO4).Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth,how did Venus get to be so radically different:It is not just an academic matter.For all its extremes,Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth.It has no earth’s oceans,so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified.In addition,the planet Venus takes243earth-days to turn once on its axis,so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely,observable pace.16.Venus is similar to Earth in________.[A]size and density[B]distance from the sun[C]having atmosphere[D]all of the above17.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to________.[A]allow us to visit there[B]understand Earth better[C]find a new source of energy[D]promote a new space program18.The main idea of this passage is about________.[A]problems of space travel[B]scientific methods in space exploration[C]the importance of Venus to Earth[D]conditions on VenusText2Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues.Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.Shouting slogans,waving flags and dancing to drumbeats,the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for“a job for each of us,a different type of job,and a society without violence.”So far,action to improve women’s opportunitiesin employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining.“But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.Women,who constitute52per cent of Italy’s population,today represent only35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and33per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs.However,their presence in the workplace is growing.The employment of women is expanding considerably in services,next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace.Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment.More and more women are going into business for themselves.Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment.It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared,so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman.Such changes are occurring in the professions too.The number of women doctors, dentists,lawyers,engineers and university professors increased two to three fold.Some of the changes are immediately visible.For example,women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police,railway workers and street cleaner.However,the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made.A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.19.The expression“snake through central Rome”probably means“to move ________[A]quietly through central Rome.”[B]violently through central Rome.”[C]in a long winding line through central Rome.”[D]at a leisurely pace through central Rome.”20.Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A]There are more women than men in Italy.[B]In Italy,women are chiefly employed in services.[C]In Italy,women are still at a disadvantage in employment.[D]In Italy,about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.21.About200,000women in Rome demonstrated for________.[A]more job opportunities[B]a greater variety of jobs[C]“equal job,equal pay”[D]both A and B22.The best title for this passage would be________.[A]The Role of Women is Society[B]Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment[C]Women as Self-employed Professionals[D]Women and the Jobs MarketText3The old idea that talented children“burn themselves out”in the early years,and, therefore,are subjected to failure and at worst,mental illness is unfounded.As a matter of fact,the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out,l,500gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:On adult intelligence tests,they scored as high as they had as children.They were,as a group,in good health,physically and mentally.84per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.About70per cent had graduated from college,though only30per cent had graduated with honors.A few had even dropped out,but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.Of the men,80per cent were in one of the professions or inbusiness management or semiprofessional jobs.The women who had remained single had office,business,or professional occupations.The group had published90books and1,500articles in scientific,scholarly,and literary magazines and had collected more than100patents.In a material way they did not do badly either.Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people,especially the men,than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact,far from being strange,most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.23.The old idea that talented children“burn themselves out”in the early years is________.[A]true in all senses[B]refuted by the author[C]medically proven[D]a belief of the author24.The survey of bright children was made to________.[A]find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults[B]prove that talented children“burn themselves out”in the early years[C]discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[D]prove that talented children never burn themselves out25.Intelligence tests showed that________.[A]bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[B]between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[C]talented children were most likely to become gifted adults[D]when talented children grew into adults,they made low scoresSection III:Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled[A], [B],[C],and[D],choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10points)No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year2001.Many books have been written__26__the future.But the19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest__27__of the word.In his fantastic novels“A Trip to the Moon”and“80Days Around the World,”he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.These novels still have a great attraction__28__youngreaders of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year2001as predicted by a __29__writer.In2001,in the home,cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the__30__shops as well as news and entertainment.Videophones will bring pictures as well as__31__to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature,lighting,entertainment,security alarms,laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work,robots will take__32__most jobs in the manufacturing industries.Working hours will fall to under30hours a week.Holidays will get longer;six weeks will be the normal annual holiday.Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too.The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games.More people will eat out in restaurants__33__ they do today;also they will have a much wider variety of food available.There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu.New synthetic foods will form a __34__part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will__35__;winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cation will become increasingly more important than ever before.26.[A]in[B]of[C]about[D]for27.[A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail[D]implication28.[A]for[B]of[C]on[D]towards29.[A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day[D]present30.[A]near[B]nearby[C]nearly[D]nearer31.[A]noise[B]sound[C]tone[D]tune32.[A]to[B]away[C]off[D]over33.[A]than[B]as[C]when[D]while34.[A]usual[B]popular[C]daily[D]regular35.[A]add[B]increase[C]raise[D]ariseSection IV:Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts.These parts are labeled [A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Then,without altering the meaning of the sentence,write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because[A]there’s[B]hardly something[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything36.Alice was having[A]trouble to control[B]the children because there were[C] so many[D]of them.37.We were very much surprised[A]that the[B]village was such[C]long way from[D]the road.38.John’s chance of being elected[A]chairman[B]of the committee is far[C] greater than Dick[D].39.“We have won[A]a[B]great victory on[C]our enemy[D],”the captain said.40.There are many valuable services[A]which the public are willing to pay for[B], but which does not bring[C]a return in money[D]to the community.41.The law I am referring[A]require that everyone[B]who owns[C]a car have[D] accident insurance.42.“I considered it[A]a honor[B]to be invited to address[C]the meeting of world-famous[D]scientists,”said Professor Leacock.43.He was seeing[A]somebody creeping[B]into the house through[C]the open[D]window last night.44.The reason for[A]all the[B]changes being made[C]has not explained[D]to us yet.45.Even though[A]the children pretended asleep[B],the nurses were not deceived[C]when[D]they came into the room.Section V:Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets.Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:It is highly desirable that a new president________(appointed)for this college.ANSWER:(should)be appointed46.Buying clothes________(be)very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely.47.They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative________ (send)to the conference on schedule.48.I must call your attention to the directions.Read them carefully and act as ________(instruct).49.Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate________(hear)from you soon.50.I________(call)to make an airline reservation,but I didn’t.51.If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore,we________(not have)to pick him up in the boat.52.After twenty years abroad,William came back only________(find)his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.53.The lecture________(begin),he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.54.The children were surprised when the teacher had them________(close)their books unexpectedly.55.A new road will be built here,and therefore a number of existing houses ________(have to destroy).Section VI:Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following into English(15points)56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。
考研英语一历年真题及答案
考研英语一历年真题及答案【篇一：2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析】ass=txt>2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析section i use of english :directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b,c or d on the answer sheet.(10 points)though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. that is _(1)_a study, published from the university of california and yale universityin the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,has__(2)_.the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of uelated friends and uelated strangers. the same people were used in both_(5)_.while 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. as james fowler, professor of medical genetics at uc san diego,says, ―most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖the study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, fornow,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. there could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!one of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being amajor_(17)_factor.the findings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. though all the subjects were drawn from a population ofeuropean extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [a] when [b] why [c] how [d] what2. [a] defended [b] concluded [c] withdrawn [d] advised3. [a] for [b] with [c] on [d] by4. [a] compared [b] sought [c] separated [d] connected5. [a] tests [b] objects [c]samples [d] examples6. [a] insignificant [b] unexpected [c]unbelievable [d] incredible7. [a] visit [b] miss [c] seek [d] know8. [a] resemble [b] influence [c] favor [d] surpass9. [a] again [b] also [c] instead [d] thus10. [a] meanwhile [b] furthermore [c] likewise [d] perhaps11. [a] about [b] to [c]from [d]like12. [a] drive [b] observe [c] confuse [d]limit 13. [a] according to [b] rather than [c] regardless of [d] along with 14. [a] chances [b]responses [c]missions [d]benefits 15. [a] later[b]slower [c] faster [d] earlier 16. [a]forecast [b]remember[c]understand [d]express 17. [a] unpredictable [b]contributory [c] controllable [d] disruptive 18. [a] endeavor [b]decision [c]arrangement [d] tendency 19. [a] political [b] religious [c] ethnic [d] economic20. [a] see [b] show [c] prove [d] tellsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b,c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet. (40 points)text 1king juan carlos of spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ but embarrassi ng scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. so, does the spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? the spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. when public opinion is particularly polarised, as itwas following the end of the franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity. it is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. and also, the middle east excepted, europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting vatican city and andorra). but unlike their absolutist counterparts in the gulf and asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. at a time when thomas piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.while europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the british royals who have most to fear from the spanish example.it is only the queen who has preserved the m onarchy‘s reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. the danger will comewith charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. he has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. charles ought to know that as english history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. according to the first two paragraphs, king juan carlos of spain[a] used turn enjoy high public support[b] was unpopular among european royals[c] cased his relationship with his rivals[d]ended his reign in embarrassment22. monarchs are kept as heads of state in europe mostly[a] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[b] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[c] to give voter more public figures to look up to[d]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. which of the following is shown to be odd, according to paragraph 4?[a] aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[b] the role of the nobility in modern democracies[c] the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[d]the nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. the british royals ―have most to fear‖ because charles[a] takes a rough line on political issues[b] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[c] takes republicans as his potential allies[d] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. which of the following is the best title of the text?[a] carlos, glory and disgrace combined[b] charles, anxious to succeed to the throne[c] carlos, a lesson for all european monarchs[d]charles, slow to react to the coming threatstext 2just how much does the constitution protect your digital data? the supreme court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.california has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. it is hard, the state argues, for judgesto assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.the court would be recklessly modest if it followed california‘s advice. enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.they should start by discarding california‘s lame argument that exploring the contentsof a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s p urse. the court has ruled that police don‘t violate the fourth amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. but exploring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. a smart phone may contain an a rrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. the development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.as so often is the case, stating that principl e doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. in many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. they could still invalidate fourth amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. the court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.but the justices should not swallow california‘s argument whole. new, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the constitution‘s protections. orin kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: the justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the fourth amendment applies to digital information now.26. the supreme court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[a] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[b] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[c] check suspects‘ phone contents without bein g authorized.[d]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. the author‘s attitude toward california‘s argument is one of[a] disapproval.[b] indifference.[c] tolerance.[d]cautiousness.28. the author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[a] getting into one‘s residence.[b] handling one‘s historical records.[c] scanning one‘s correspondences.[d] going through one‘s wallet.29. in paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[a] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[b] the court is giving police less room for action.[c] citizens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.[d] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. orin kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indic ate that[a] the constitution should be implemented flexibly.[b] new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution.[c]california‘s argument violates principles of the constitution.[d]principles of the constitution should never be alteredtext 3the journal science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief marcia mcnutt announced today. the policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes mcnutt in an editorial. working with the american statistical association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(sbore). manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing board of reviewing editors or by outside peer reviewers. the sbore panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, mcnutt said: ―the creation of the ?statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of science‘s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖giovanni parmigiani, a biostatistician at the harvard school of public health, a member of the sbore group. he says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ he agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the sbore to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. this impact will not only be through the publications in science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after science.‖john ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. i think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. but he not ed that biomedical journals such as annals of internal medicine, the journal of the american medical association and the lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to david vaux, a cell biologist. researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, ―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. vaux says that science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ?the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. it can be learned from paragraph 1 that[a] science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[b] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[c] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[d] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.【篇二：考研英语一历年真题及答案解析(1980-2015年)】p class=txt>section 1 use of english directions:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1.(10 points)though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. that is 1 a study published from the university of california and yale university in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, has 2 . the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs ofuelated friends and uelated strangers. the same people were used in both 5 .while 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. as james fowler, professor of medical genetics at uc san diego, says, most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.the study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. there could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !one of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor. the findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. though all the subjects were drawn from a population of europeanextraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. the team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.section ii reading comprehension1、what2、concluded3、on4、compared5、samples6、insignificant7、know8、resemble9、also10、perhaps11、to12、drive13、ratherthan14、benefits15、faster16、understand17、contributory18、tendency19、ethnic20、seepart aread the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing [a], [b], [c] or[d]. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)原标题：2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）text 1king juan carlos of spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. butembarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. so, does the spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?the spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. when public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the france regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.it is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. and so, the middle east expected, europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting vatican city and andorra). but unlike their absolutistcounterparts in the gulf and asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. at a time when thomas piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.while europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the british royals who have most to fear from the spanish example.it is only the queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. the danger will come with charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. he has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial andnon-political heads of state. charles ought to know that as english history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. according to the first two graphs, king juan carlos of spain[a]eased his relationship with his rivals.[b]used to enjoy high public support.[c]was unpopular among european royals.[d]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. monarchs are kept as head of state in europe mostly[a]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[b]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[c]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[d]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. which of the following is shown to be odd, according to graph 4?[a] the role of the nobility in modern democracies.[b] aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[c] the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[d] the nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. the british royals have most to fear because charles[a]takes a tough line on political issues.[b]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[c]takes republicans as his potential allies.[d]fails to adapt himself to his future role.【篇三：2015考研英语真题：英语一真题完整版+答案】>read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet. (10 points)though not biologically related, friends are as “related”asfourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. that is _(1)_a study, published from the university of california and yale universityin the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,has__(2)_.the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of uelated friends and uelated strangers. the same people were used in both_(5)_.while 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. as james fowler, professor of medical genetics at uc san diego, says, “most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”the study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .why thissimilarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, fornow,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. there could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!one of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes studying this could help_(16)_why human evolutionpicked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.the findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. though all the subjects were drawn from a population of european extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [a] when [b] why [c] how [d] what2. [a] defended [b] concluded [c] withdrawn [d] advised3. [a] for [b] with [c] on [d] by4. [a] compared [b] sought [c] separated [d] connected5. [a] tests [b] s [c]samples [d] examples6. [a] insignificant [b] unexpected [c]unbelievable [d] incredible7. [a] visit [b] miss [c] seek [d] know8. [a] resemble [b] influence [c] favor [d] surpass9. [a] again [b] also [c] instead [d] thus10. [a] meanwhile [b] furthermore [c] likewise [d] perhaps11. [a] about [b] to [c]from [d]like12. [a] drive [b] observe [c] confuse [d]limit13. [a] according to [b] rather than [c] regardless of [d] along with14. [a] chances [b]responses [c]missions [d]benefits15. [a] later [b]slower [c] faster [d] earlier16. [a]forecast [b]remember [c]understand [d]express17. [a] unpredictable [b]contributory [c] controllable [d] disruptive18. [a] endeavor [b]decision [c]arrangement [d] tendency19. [a] political [b] religious [c] ethnic [d] economic20. [a] see [b] show [c] prove [d] tellsection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet. (40 points)text 1king juan c arlos of spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”but embarrassing scandals and the popularity of therepublican left in the recent euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. so, does the spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?the spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. when public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.it is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. and also, the middle east excepted, europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting vatican city and andorra). but unlike their absolutist counterparts in the gulf and asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. at a time when thomas piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.while europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the british royals who have most to fear from the spanish example.it is only the queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. the danger will come with charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. he has failed to understand thatmonarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. charles ought to know that as english history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. according to the first two paragraphs, king juan carlos of spain[a] used turn enjoy high public support[b] was unpopular among european royals[c] cased his relationship with his rivals[d]ended his reign in embarrassment22. monarchs are kept as heads of state in europe mostly[a] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[b] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[c] to give voter more public figures to look up to[d]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. which of the following is shown to be odd, according to paragraph 4?[a] aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[b] the role of the nobility in modern democracies[c] the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[d]the nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. the british royals “have most to fear”because charles[a] takes a rough line on political issues[b] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[c] takes republicans as his potential allies[d] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. which of the following is the best title of the text?[a] carlos, glory and disgrace combined[b] charles, anxious to succeed to the throne[c] carlos, a lesson for all european monarchs[d]charles, slow to react to the coming threatstext 2just how much does the constitution protect your digital data? the supreme cpurt will now consider whether police cansearch the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.california has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. it is hard, the state argues, for judgesto assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.the court would be recklessly modest if it followed california’s advice. enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.they should start by discarding california’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .the court has ruled that police dont violate the fourth amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. but exploring one’s smartphone is more like ente ring his or her home. a smartphone may contain an arrestee’s readinghistory ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. the development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.but the justices should not swallow california’s argument whole. new, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the constitution’s protections. orin kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: the justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the fourth amendment applies to digital information now.26. the supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to。
2000-2019年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)word版
2019考研英语一SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familia r sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be ableto 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。
2023考研英语一真题及参考答案(完整)
2023考研英语一真题及参考答案（完整）2023考研英语一真题及参考答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishCaravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1_ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of _2__.This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelerssharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.1.A. displayed B. occupied C. located D. equipped2.A. privately B. regularly C. respectively D. permanently3.A. definition B. transition C. substitution D. combination4.A. classify B. record C. describe D. connect5.A. apart from B. instead of C. such as D. along with6.A. construction B. restoration C. impression D. evaluation7.A. doubted B. faced C. accepted D. reduced8.A. assigned B. subjected C. accustomed D. opposed9.A. so that B. even if C. now that D. in case10.A. talking B. starting C. breaking D. meeting11.A. by the way B. on occasion C. in comparison D. As a result12.A. heritage B. revival C. exchange D. status13.A. with regard to B. in spite of C. as well as D. in line with14.A. completing B. influencing C. resuming D. pioneering15.A. aided B. invested C. failed D. competed16.A. Rather B. Indeed C. otherwise D. However17.A. go in for B. standard up for C. lose in on D. stock up on18.A. believed B. predicted C. recalled D. implied19.A. until B. because C. unless D. although20.A. ruins B. debt C. fashion D. series【1】C. located 后面outside the walls of a city or village表示位置只有located 可以后接地址，表示坐落在……地方【2】A privately 此处副词修饰前面的fund, 带入只有privately 私下资助更为合理【3】 D. combination 空后面接了of the Persian word “karvan”和and seray, a palace or enclosed building 表示是这两个词的结合体词为combination，【4】C. describe 根据上一句对与词Caravanserais的解释，这一句也是表示同义方向的内容，用来解释The Perm caravan，这里只有描述这个词可以表达词义。
考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)
考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)2005年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: DBEAC6-10: GFBED11-15: CAFBG16-20: CBGAFSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21-24: DCBC25-28: ADAE29-32: GDBC33-35: FBAPassage Two:36-40: HBEAD41-45: DBAGCPassage Three:46-50: BCDBD51-55: ACBBCSection III: Translation56. personnel management57. economic depression58. promote international cooperation59. achieve mutual benefits60. keep pace withSection IV: WritingPart A:61. There can be no doubt that (changes in traditional attitudes towards marriage) can lead to profound social and cultural changes.62. In conclusion, although (the pressure on students is heavier than ever before), it does not mean that they enjoy more academic freedom.63. As can be seen from the charts/graph, (the number of smokers has decreased remarkably) over the past decade.64. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). First of all, (high education costs) can deter many students from pursuing higher education.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Briefly introduce the topic and mention the importance of studying abroad.Body:- Discuss the advantages of studying abroad, such as exposure to different cultures, language skills improvement, and personal growth, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and difficulties that students may face when studying abroad, such as homesickness and cultural shock, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss ways to overcome these challenges and make the most out of the study abroad experience, providing suggestions and advice.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the overall benefits of studying abroad.2006年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: CBEDA6-10: EACBD11-15: CBEDF16-20: GFDACSection II: Reading Comprehension Passage One:21-24: BADD25-28: ACBD29-32: CBGD33-35: BACPassage Two:36-40: GAEFD41-45: CFBHGPassage Three:46-50: BBCDA51-55: ADDBBSection III: Translation56. continues to function57. for fear that58. regardless of59. poses a threat to60. in a senseSection IV: WritingPart A:61. Furthermore, the government should allocate more funding to support scientific research in order to (promote technological innovation).62. It is advisable for colleges and universities to (improve career guidance services) for students seeking employment after graduation.63. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). Firstly, (the popularity of online shopping) has led to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar stores.64. In conclusion, (effective communication) plays a vital role in building and maintaining a harmonious relationship between individuals.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Introduce the topic and present a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.Body:- Discuss the benefits of globalization, such as increased global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and negative effects of globalization, such as economic inequality, loss of cultural identity, and environmental degradation, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss possible solutions and measures to maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing the negative impacts, providing suggestions and recommendations.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the importance of finding a balance between globalization and preserving local identities and environmental sustainability.以上是根据题目给出的“考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)”来回答的文章。
考研英语一真题及答案完整版（word）
考研英语一真题及答案完整版（word）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it isbizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discern able, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provideupdated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more l ike entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protect ions. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digitalinformation in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going throug h one’s wallet.29. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates princi ples of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” wr ites McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal edito rs, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of?Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard Schoolof Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowada ys, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of revie wing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workl oad.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science。
研究生英语一参考答案
研究生英语一参考答案一、听力部分1. A) 根据对话内容，女士询问男士是否需要帮助，男士回答不需要，因为他已经熟悉这个地方了。
因此，正确答案是A。
2. B) 男士提到他正在寻找一家书店，女士告诉他书店在街对面。
正确答案是B。
3. C) 对话中女士提到她正在为即将到来的考试复习，因此正确答案是C。
4. D) 男士询问女士是否愿意和他一起去看电影，女士回答说如果时间允许的话她会去。
正确答案是D。
5. A) 女士询问男士是否已经完成了他的论文，男士回答说还没有，但很快就会完成。
正确答案是A。
6-10. 根据对话内容，可以分别得出以下答案：6. B)7. C)8. A)9. D) 10. B)二、阅读部分1. 根据文章第一段，作者提到了全球化对教育的影响，因此正确答案是A。
2. 文章第二段提到了不同国家教育体系的差异，正确答案是B。
3. 作者在第三段中讨论了教育的个性化需求，正确答案是C。
4. 第四段中提到了教育技术的发展，正确答案是D。
5. 文章最后一段强调了终身学习的重要性，正确答案是E。
三、完形填空1. 根据上下文，这里需要一个表示“尽管”的词，因此正确答案是Despite。
2. 这里需要一个表示“适应”的词，正确答案是Adapt。
3. 根据语境，这里需要一个表示“挑战”的词，正确答案是Challenges。
4. 这里需要一个表示“观点”的词，正确答案是Perspective。
5. 根据语境，这里需要一个表示“重要性”的词，正确答案是Importance。
6-20. 根据文章内容，可以分别得出以下答案：6. C)7. A)8. B)9. D) 10. E) 11. F) 12. G) 13. H) 14. I) 15. J) 16. K) 17. L) 18. M) 19. N) 20. O)四、翻译部分1. 原文：随着社会的发展，人们越来越重视环境保护。
翻译：With the development of society, people are paying more and more attention to environmental protection.2. 原文：教育不仅仅是学习知识，更重要的是培养个人的综合素质。
考研英语1参考答案
考研英语1参考答案Part I Use of English1-5: CADBC6-10: DBACB11-15: DABDA16-20: CACDBPart II Reading ComprehensionSection A21-25: BACDB26-30: CADACSection B31-35: EGBDASection C36-40: BACDB41-45: ACDFEPart III WritingSection A46. 根据题目要求，写一封邀请信，邀请教授参加学术会议。
参考范文：Dear Professor Smith,I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits.I am writing to cordially invite you to attend the upcoming International Conference on Advanced Materials, which will be held at our university from June 15th to 18th.As a renowned expert in the field of materials science, your presence and contribution would be highly esteemed by the academic community. The conference will provide a platformfor scholars to present their latest research findings, exchange ideas, and explore potential collaborations.The detailed schedule and other relevant information are attached for your reference. Should you be able to join us, please confirm your attendance by May 20th.We look forward to the possibility of your participation and the opportunity to learn from your expertise.Warm regards,[Your Name][Your Position][Your Institution]Section B47. 根据题目要求，写一篇议论文，讨论网络教育与传统教育的优劣。
考研英语一真题及答案完整版
考研英语一真题及答案完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of bl essing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also ag reed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. Theysuggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run bythe Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’ character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry。
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历年考研英语一试题答案（XX）
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
1-5: ADCAB
6-10: BADDA
11-15: DCBDB
16-20: CACBC
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1 21-25：ABCCD
Text 2 26-30：BDCAD
Text 3 31-35：BBDCA
Text 4 36-40：CCDAB
Part B: (10 points)
41-45：EFDGA
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
46. 然而当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。
因为这些花园不仅风格各异，在它的装饰和创造性之外，也透露出了其他其他基本的诉求。
47. 然而，一块神圣的和平之地，或许可能是粗糙的，但它都
是一种人类本能的需求，和庇护所相反，那只是动物的本能需求。
48 无家可归的人的花园，事实上是无家可归的花园。
它城市
环境引入了一种形式。
这些城市要么没有，要么没有如此显眼的花园 49.我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神上的败坏，我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上，直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个花园当中，并感受到这种压迫感 * 的消失了。
50. 正是这种隐含或外露的对自然的提及充分地证实了对花园
这个单词的使用，尽管是从一种解放的意义上来说，描述了这些综合建设。
Party A
51 Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the uping English speech contest。
You should include the details you think necessary。
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET。
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead。
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Dear professor,
I am the chairman of the Students’ union of Foreign language school in Peking University. We are to hold an English speech contest next week. I am writing to ask whether you can honor us to be a judge for the petition。
The contest will be held next Sunday, Dec, 20. xx in the Room 200, Teaching Building No. 3 . It will begin at 6:30 and last for 3 hours. Participants will be from different majors in our university. Judges to be invited include another three professors who are very familiar to you。
We would be greatly honored if you can show your presence and provide us with your valuable ments. Please contact us at 1234567 if you can e。
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
52 Directions:
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your ments。
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) 真题范文：
Decisions after Graduation
Recently, there has been a growing concern among the public over the topic of the choice after graduation. As is described in the picture, a group of graduates is facing various roads such as: searching for jobs, pursuing further study, going abroad and entrepreneurship. The picture intends to convey to us this message: As adults, college students have to make decisions about their future life.
After graduation, college students have to make decisions about their future life. For those who are eager to bee economically independent and to put into practice what they have learned in college, taking a job or doing will be both satisfying and rewarding. Getting established as a
bread-winner after graduation is their main desire. By contrast, those who want to take advantage of the favorable conditions in college, however, will try to enroll in graduate programs inside or outside. For them, a Master's degree or even a Doctoral degree represents a much more ambitious goal than a bachelor's degree. In the same way, their lifetime suess and
interest lies more in academic achievements than in making money.
As far as I am concerned, it is sensible that we should take a rational attitude towards the decisive choice. For the part of my own, getting a higher degree abroad has long been my dream. This is based on my belief that I should do more research and learn more while I am still young.
内容仅供参考。