【中考英语语法汇总】介词语法讲解

（一）介词概述

介词是一种虚词，在句子中不单独作任何句子成分。它是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词。它常和名词、动词、形容词等搭配，构成固定短语，表示不同意思。介词还可以与名词构成介词短语，表示方位、方向、时间、地点、方式、原因等。这些介词短语在句中可充当定语、状语、补语等。2000—2005年的中考中主要考了形容词与介词的搭配：如：be famous for；表示时间的介词，如：at night；动词与介词的搭配，如：arrive in/have dinner with sb.；表示方式、手段的介词，如：by phone/in English.

（二）基础知识梳理

1．名词与介词的搭配

a bit of有一点儿 a couple of两个、几个

a kind of一种、一类cover an area of占地面积

have pity on sb.怜悯某人huge amounts of大量的

make friends with与……交朋友make fun of拿……开玩笑

meet the needs of迎合……的需要one after another一个接一个；连续地play a trick on捉弄the week after next下下周

2．动词与介词的搭配

agree with sb.同意某人的意见apologize to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉arrive at/in a place到达某地ask for请求、寻求

be covered with被……所覆盖be made of由……制成

be made up of由……组成belong to属于

break into破门而人、闯入call on拜访

care for照顾、喜欢carry out执行

check in办理登机come across被理解；遇见

come from出生于、来自come on跟我来、走吧

communicate with与……交cut down砍倒

deal with= do with处理depend on= rely on依靠、依赖

die of因……病而死dream of梦见

dress up穿着、打扮eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬enter for报名参加fall off从……跌落

fill in填充、填写find out找出、查明、了解

get along/on with进展、与……相处get in the way挡道

get in进入、收集get on上车

get off下车get rid of摆脱

get ready for为…．作准备get to到达

get tired of对……感到厌倦go in for参加、从事于、酷爱，'^ go ahead先走、向前走；去吧go for a swim去游泳

go on a diet实行节食go over复习

go on with继续做某事grow up长大、成长

hand in上交hear from收到……的来信

hear of听说help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事hold on等等（别挂电话）hold up举起

hurry off匆忙离开join．n参加、加入

keep... from使……不做keep in touch with与……保持联系keep off阻挡；不让接近knock over撞倒、撞翻

later on过来；后来laugh at嘲笑

learn.., from向……学习leave for动身去

let out放出line up整队；排成行

live on靠……为生look after照顾；照料

look at看；观看look for寻找

look forward to期待着look like看上去像；显得

look out of从……朝外看look up查寻；抬头看

make out辨认出make up one's mind下决心

meet with遭遇operate on sb.为……动手术

pay for付……钱pick out拾起

play with玩弄point at指向；指着

point out指出praise sb. for sth.为某事表扬某人prefer... to(比起……来)更喜欢prepare for准备

protect... from保护……免受pull down推倒

put off延期put on穿；戴上；上演

put out伸出put up举起；挂起

run after追捕；追踪run away逃跑

search for搜寻；搜查see off为……送行

sell out售完set out/off for出发去……；起程去……

set up建立；设立．shake hands with与……握手

share with与……分享show off炫耀

show sb around带某人参观shut up住口

speed up加快速度stop...from阻止……做

take away拿走take care of照料

take charge of负责；管理；take hold of抓住

take in吸入take off脱掉（衣物等）；起飞

take out取出take part in参加

take up开始从事talk about谈到

talk to/with与...谈话tell... from区别；分辨

think of想起；想到think over仔细考虑

throw away扔掉tie up捆绑

try on 试穿turn down（把音量）调低

turn into变成turn off关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）turn on开，旋开（电灯、电视、收音机等）turn over翻车；翻阅；翻身

turn out结果是；证明是wake up醒来；叫醒

wait for等待；等候write down写下

work out算出；制定出