国际经济学题库英文版

Part I . Fill in the blank with suitable content. I.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. Theseharegains from trade , the pattern of trade , p rotectio nism the bala nee of p ayme nts, excha nge rate determ in atio n, intern ati onal p olicy

coord in atio n, intern ati onal cap ital market.

2. Coun tries en gage in intern ati onal trade for two basic reasoosnnparative advantage ___ and econo mics of scale

3. A country has a comp arative adva ntage in p roduci ng a goodhif opportunity cost _______

of p roduc ing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country tha n it is in other coun tries. 4. Labor is the only one factor of production GLC 、a L w and a LC 、a L w are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. tfLC/aLWvaLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese p c / p w is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLWv Pc/PwvaLC*/aLW* _____ Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.

* * 5. Labor is the only one factor of production.a^、a LW and a LC 、a LW are the unit labor requirement in

cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectivLly.nd L*are Home ' s and Foreign

' s labor force. If

* * a LC / a LW < P c / P w < a LC / N LW , the world relative supply of cheese equ (s_/aLC ) /(L*/aLW*) .

Home s gains from in directly p roduci ng wi ne can be shown asi/aLC)( Pc/Pw) — 1/aLW

6. In specific factors modeQ M = Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades

manu factured goods for food , the overall comp aris on of the five cha nge rate of goods p rice and factor p rice P M 、P F 、r K 、?、W?inside Home is r K P M W P F r T in crease, it can be show n as r K / P M

7. There are two main reas ons why intern ati onal trade has stro ng effects on the distributio n of in come. First, resources cah t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Sec on din dustries differ in the factors of p roduct ion they dema nd.

8. In the Heckscher-Ohli n model,Co mp arative adva ntage is in flue need by the in teracti on betwee n relative abundancand relative inten sity

9. Accordi ng to stolp er-sammels on effect if the relative p rice of a good rises, the real in come of the factor which inten sively used in that good will rise, while the real in come of the other factor will fall.

10. According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybezynski effect at unchanged relative goods price, if thupplyof a factor of p roducti on in creases, the out put of the good that are inten sive in that factor will rise, while the out put of the other good will fall.

11. According to H-0 模型 H-0 proposition , owners of a country

but owners of a country

' s scare factors lose. 12. According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition international trade produces

a con verge nee (收敛) of relative goods p rices. This con verge nee, in turns, causes the conv erge nee of the relative factor p rices. Trade leads com pl ete equalizati on of factor p rices.完整的要素价格均等化)

13. Three assumptiortsf 假设)crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These

assum ptions are ⑴两个国家都生产两种产品 both cou ntries produce both goodj(2)两国技术相同

technologies are the sam3)存在贸易壁垒： 天然壁垒和人为壁垒 There are barriers to trade: natural .That is, the real in come of cap italists

r K / P M 's abundant factors gain from tra

barriers and artificial barriers

14. “ U.S. exports were less capintensive than U.S. imports ” 里昂惕o夫悖论Leontief

paradox .

15. The Ricardia n Model , the Sp ecific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as sp ecial cHs 殊s

情况） of 标准贸易模型 sta ndard trade models 16. The standard trade model derives 派生 推导） a world relative supply curve 曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative dema nd curve from p refere nces . 17.

To exp ort-biased growth, if the decli ne 下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration 恶化） of the terms of trade swa p over （交换） t he rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth i^mmiserizing

growth （贫困化增长）.

18. Some econo mists argued thex po rt-biasedgrowth by poor n ati ons would worse n their term of trade so much that they would be worse off tha n if they had not grow n at all. This situati on is kno wnmsniserizing

growth （贫困化增长）. 19.Immiserizi ng growth dema nds strict con diti ons, these con diti ons economic growth is strongly exp ort-biased the grow ing country is large eno ugh to affect the world pricRS and RD must be very stee p

2O.According to 梅茨勒悖论 Metzle paradox ” , tariffs and export subsidies 补贴） might have

p erverse （有害的） effects on internal p rice.

21.In the model of “ Mono 垄断5c Competition and Trade trade-off betweeneconomies of scaland variety of products.

22. Marshall argued that there were three mai n reas ons why a cluster of firm 企 业集群） may be more efficie nt tha n an in dividual firm in isolati onsp ecialized supp lie^abor market po oli ng , kno wiedge

sp illovera f 知识溢出）

23. The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredictedhistory and accident determine the

details of the trade p atter n.

39. When there is exter nal economies 外部经济），the p attern of intern ati onal trade is determ ined by econo mies of scale in teract with comp arative adva ntage

24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula: exp orts imp orts

25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） countries are similar in their relative factor supplies scale economies and product differentiations are imp orta nt, in trai nin dustry trade is the dominant source^ 要来源）of gains from trade, every one gains from trade.

26. The argume nt of temp orary 暂时的）p rotecti on of in dustries to en able them to gai n exp erie nee is known as 幼稚产业论 the infant industry argument

27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on n ati onal welfare can be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss

28. Why do coun tries ado pt trade p olicies such as tariff or import quota, which p roduce more costs tha n benefits?——trade p olitics

29 .In the p olitical economy of trade p olicy 贸易政策的政治经济学） ，gover nment are assumed to 被假

定为）maximize 政治成功 political success rather than

国家福禾U national welfare .

” ,fimiisctoVidnal nation face the I 1 exp orts imp orts

trade are the sources of gains from trade . When

3O.Deviati ons from free trade can sometimes in crease n ati onal welfare. These argume nts in cttidieterm of trade argume nt for a tariffs nd the domestic market failure argume nt

31. According to Specific rule(对症规则)” ,domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic

policies aimed directly a t he problem ' s sources.

32. Although market failures are p robably com mon, the domestic market failure argume nt aga inst free trade should not be app lied too freely.Firsdomestic market failure should be corrected by domestic p olicies aimed directly at the p roblems sourcesSec on dec ono mists cannot diag nose market failure well enough to prescribe policy^

33. I nternatio nal trade ofte n p roduces losers as well as winn ers. In the actual p olitics of trade p olicy, in come distribution is of crucial importanee. 集体行动问题The problem of collective actioncan explain why

p olicies that not only seem to p roduce more costs tha n ben efits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can non etheless be adop ted.

34. TheWTO includes four aspects contenG ATT 1994, GATS, TRIPS , TRIMS

35. “ Non discrim in atory ” princ非歧s视性原贝U) in elude most favored n ati on principle and

national treatme nt princip le

36. For preferential(优惠)trading agreements, such ascustoms union , countries must cede part of their sovereig nty to supran atio nal en tity必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体)

37. Whether a customs union 关税同盟) is desirable 可取) or un desirable depends on whether it largely

leads totrade creation or trade diversion.

38. Trade p olicy in devel oping coun tries is concerned with two objectives (涉及两个目标)：pro mot ing industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy ____ .

39. Trade p olicy in devel oping coun tries is concerned with two objectives: pro mot ing

in dustrializati on and coping with the p roblems of the dual economy. Corres pondin gly, there are two main argume nts for devel oping coun tries to pu rsue p olicy of imp ort-substituti ng in dustrializati on. The two argume nts are the infant in dustry argume nt a nd market failure justificati on for infant in dustry p rotection 40. Sop histicated proponents of the infant in dustry argume nt have ide ntified two market failures as reas ons why infant in dustry p rotectio n may be a good ideThe imp erfect cap ital markets justification nd The approp riability argume nt

Part n . True or False (true and false are denoted by “ T” and “ F” , respectively)

1. If au w*/ a_c*v a_W/ a_c. Home ' s reiafe productivity in cheese is higher. (T )

2. Accord ing to the Ricardia n model, it is p recisely because the relative wage is betwee n the relative p roductivities that each country ends up with a cost adva ntage in one good.The good for which *

a L i/ a L i> w/ w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )

3. It is p recisely because the relative wage is betwee n the relative p roductivities that each country ends up with a cost adva ntage in one good. ( T )

4. L ong-run con verge nee长期收敛)in p roductivity (生产力)p roduces long-run conv erge nee in wages. ( T )

5. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down tthe same level. You can ' t import a $5 shirt without importing $2.50 wage that goes with it. (F ) ”

6. The prop ositi on that trade is ben eficial is unq ualifie不合格).That is, there is no requireme nt that a country be “ competitive ” or that the trade be ( T) “ fair ” .

7. Free trade is ben eficial only if your country is strong eno ugh to sta nd up to foreig n comp etiti on. ( F )

8. Foreig n comp etiti on is un fair and hurts other coun tries whe n it is based on low wage(.F)

9. Trade exp loits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage tha n workers in

other nations. (F )

10. The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree( 预测一个极端的程度)of specialization(专业化).

(T )

11. The Ricardia n Model n eglects(忽略)the effects on in come distributi on. (T )

12. The basic p redict ion of the Ricardia n model has bee n stron gly con firmed by a nu mber of studies over years. ( T )

13. The Ricardia n Model p redicts that coun tries tend to export those goods in which their p roductivity is relative high. ( T )

14. We can thi nk of factor sp ecificity as a matter of time. ( T )

15. The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted b表示)MPL M /MPL F. ( F )

16. A equal prop orti onal cha nge in p rice have no real effects on the real wage, real in come of cap ital owner and land owner. ( T )

17. Trade ben efits the factor that is sp ecific to the imp ort-co mp eti ng sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )

18.lt is possible in principle for a country ' s government (补贴e t ax e diandbsiutes重es

新分配) in come to give each in dividual more of both goods. ( T )

19. Although intern ati onal trade has stro ng effects on in come distributi on, there are still po ssible in prin ci pie to make each in dividual better off. ( T )

20. Typ ically, those who gain from trade in any p articular p roduct are a much more concen trated, in formed, and orga ni zed group tha n those who lose. ( F )

21. Conflicts of interest利J益冲突)within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than con flicts of in terest betwee n n ati ons. ( T )

22. Gen erally, econo mists do not regard the in come distributio n effects of trade as a good reas on to limit trade. ( T )

23. The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定)is a kind of political process(政治进程).(T )

24. “ The world ' s poorest countries can ' t find anything to export. There issno resource that i abundan—certa inly not cap ital or land, and in small poor n atio ns not eve n labor is abun dan(:.F )

25. Wage in equality in U.S. i ncreased betwee n the late 1970s and the early 1990s, econo mists attribute the cha nge to the grow ing exp orts of manu factured goods froNIEs. ( T )

26. If the factor- prop orti on theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the in come share exceeded the factor share, i mport factors for which it was less. ( F )

27. The H-O model can p redict n ot only the direct ion but the volume of trad贸易量). (T )

28. Factor trade in gen eral turns out to be much smaller tha n the H-O model p redicts( T )

29. Accord ing to an in flue ntial rece nt paper, the H-O model can p redict not only the directi on but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to btfeie same a the H-O model predicts. ( F )

30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assu mp ti on that tech no logies are the same across the coun tries can the overall p attern of intern ati onal trade be well p redicted by the H-O model. ( T )

31.lf a country want to maximize its n ati onal welfare, the consump ti on point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifferenee curve. ( T )

32. A rise in the terms of trade in creases a country welfare. ( T )

33. Ex po rt-biased growth tends to improve the grow ing country expen se. ( F ) 's welfare, while a deciine iiitsthe terms 's terms of trade at the rest o

34.lf the two coun tries allocate 分酉 S) their cha nge in spending in the same prop orti ons, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )

35. lf the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good

than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient

s 's exp terms of trade. ( T )

36. A transfer worsens the donor

's terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to s its export good tha n the rec ip ie n 受体). (T )

37. A transfer improves the donor 's terms of trade, worsens recipiendte. ( F ) 's terms of tr 38. A transfer of income ——say foreign aid ——could conceivably leave the recipient worse of(f.T )

39. A tariff improves Home 's terms of trade and worsens Foreign 's, while a Home exp Home 's terms of trade and improve Foreign ( T ) 's.

40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structur(e.F )

41.lf intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trad(eT. )

42. Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )

43. The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic

competition. ( F )

44. Today, antidumping 反倾￥肖)may be a device of protectionism. ( T )

45. Reci procal(目互)dumping tends to in crease the volume of trade in goods that are quite ide ntic 一 致). ( F )

46.lt is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare.( T )

47.Stro ng exter na fi (卜 部) econo mies ted to “locked in ” the exist ing p atter ns of in teri ndustry trade, eve n the patterns are run counter to 背道而驰)comparative advantage. ( T )

48. A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism( .T )

49. Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )

50. The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of intraindustry trade

( F ” ) . 51. The model

“ Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade and Helpman .

( F ) 52. Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar

results. ( T )

53. Trade in factors is an alter nativ 替代)to trade in goods for the allocati on of resources. ( T )

54. When a country borrows, it 's inPtePrFteims bpioarsael d towardQ P. ( F ) 55. The relative price of future consumption goodQs P is (1+r). ( T )

56. The dyn amic p ath oTNC s' en ter foreig n market FDI f Export f Lice nee. (F )

57. Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good.( T )

58. Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection 有效保护率).

(F) 59. The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )

competition, “diffMeroennotipaotelisptircoducts and ” is first dev