英语词汇学复习集合备课讲稿

英语词汇学复习集合

Morphemes:is a minimal meaning units of a language, and a smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.

Morphes: are discrete units which realize abstract morphemes in speech. Morphs are actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning.

Monomorphemic:

Free morphemes:is one stand alone as a word.

Bound morphemes: be function together with root of word. The morphemes cannot occur as separate words.

Affixes: forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.

1)inflectional: are affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.

2)derivational: are affixes added to other morphemes to create new word.

2.1prefixes: is a formation by adding prefixes to stems. Their chief function is to change meaning of the stems.

2.2suffixes: is the formation by adding suffixes to stems. Their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.

Stem: a part of a word to which affixes of any kind can be added.

Root: is a basic forms of a word which cannot be further analyse without total loss of identity.

Bound root:is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning.

Creation: refer to the formation of new words by using the existing material, namely roots, affixes and other elements.

Affixation（词缀法）: as the formation of words by means of adding affixes to stems.

Conversion/zero-derivation（转换法）: is the formation of new words by coverting words of one class to another class.(coverting words class)

Blending（拼缀法）: a formation by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.(combining parts of two words

Actonymy/initialisms（首字母缩写）: a formation by joining the initial letters of names of phrases.(joining the initial letter

Back-formation（逆词法）: a formation by removing the supposed suffixes.

Clipping（截断法）: a formation by cutting a part of the origin, and using remains instead.

By use frequency

Basic words:

1)All national character;2)Stability;3)Productivity;4)Polysemy;5)Collocability.

Non-basic words: Terminology(术语) particular field (2)Jargon（行话）:the language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people (3)slang（俚语）(4)Argot（暗语）particular group of people （5）Dialectal words(方言) particular area(6) Archaisms（古语）an archaic word or expression (7) Neologisms （新词语）a new word and expression or new meaning of a word

By notion

Content words: denote clear notions.

Functional words: do not have notions of their own, express the relation between notions, words and sentences.

By origin

Native words: are those of Anglo-Saxon origin, which are small in number.

Borrowed words: is take over from foreign languages.

Reference: it is the relationship between language and the world.

Concept: it is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.

Sense: it denotes the relationships inside the language.

Motivation: means which words acquire their meanings .the relationship between the linguistic symbol/structure of word/form and its meaning.

1)Onomatopoeic拟声理据: words whose sounds suggest their meaning, creates by imitating the natural sounds or noises associable .

2)morphological形态理据: words whose meaning derive from the total sum of the morphemes involved.

3)semantic语义理据:（words whose figurative sense derives from its literal sense through）refer to the mental association suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.

4)etymological词源理据: words whose meaning are related directly to the origin.

Lexical meaning:

1)conceptual: form the core of word meaning. It is the denotative in that it concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes , or refers to. the meaning given in

the dictionary

2)associative: secondary meaning supplements to the conceptual meaning.

connotative: the overtone or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.

stylistic: that a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.

affective: that indicates the speaker’s attitude.

collocative: that suggested by the association in its collocation.

Primary meaning: is the only meaning that a word when it was fist created.

Derived meaning: are the meaning that a word get from primary meaning. At different stages of its development in the course of time.

Polysemy（多义词）: be used to refer to that one word has two or more sense or meanings.

1)Diachronic approached: is an approach to polysemy which studies how a word derived its different meaning from its primary meaning in the cause of time.

2)Synchronic approached: is an approach to polysemy which studies the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time.

radiation: a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings.

concatenation: a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense until, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed.