多功能快速充电器,Quick Charger
验 收 单
（公章） （公章）
送货人：验收人：
日期：日期：
1.6
数据传输及绘图软件(普通版)PIT -W software
1
1.7
PC卡读数器PC card reader+128MB储存卡
1
1.8
20米的连接线（进口原装）
1
1.9
用户手册User manual
1
2
笔记本电脑
1
¥10,000.00
¥10,000.00
总价：人民币壹拾万叁仟圆整 ¥103,000.00
验收单
兹证明，卖方福州美德实验仪器有限公司已按照合同2010-03-05要求，向福建省交通科学技术研究所提供了合同规定的如下全部货物及服务，并通过了最终用户的最终验收。
序号
货物名称
数量
单价(RMB)
总价(RMB)
1
小应变桩基完整性测试仪Pile Integrity Tester（全新原装）
1
¥93,000.00
¥93,000.00
厂商：美国PDI公司
型：PIT-V
1.1
PIT 数据采集仪主机main unit
1
1.2
加速度计Accelerometer
1
1.3
手锤(1大,1小)Non-Instrumented Hammer
2
1.4
快速充电器Quick Charger
1
1.5
仪器箱Transit Case
1
充电机培训资料
充电机培训资料充电机是采用高频电源技术，运用先进的智能动态调整充电技术。
它采用恒流/恒压/小恒流智能三个阶段充电方式，具有充电效率高，操作简单，重量轻，体积小等特点。
并具有反接、过载、短路、过热等多重保护功能及延时启动，软启动、断电记忆自启动功能等。
目录一、充电机资料二、常见故障三、大功率充电机案例一、充电机资料充电机[英] fast charger quick charger; fast charger; quick charger充电机充电机[1]是采用高频电源技术，运用先进的智能动态调整充电技术。
它采用恒流/恒压/小恒流智能三个阶段充电方式，具有充电效率高，操作简单，重量轻，体积小等特点。
并具有反接、过载、短路、过热等多重保护功能及延时启动，软启动、断电记忆自启动功能等。
具有科学的充电电量控制技术，全自动充电机能在蓄电池充足后自动关机，确保蓄电池充足，不过充、不欠充，延长蓄电池使用寿命，全自动充电机可适用的电池类型：镍铬、镍氢、铅酸、锂离子电池等。
用途充电机从用途上来分可以大体分为：叉车充电机电动车充电机智能充电机浮充充电机可调充电机，前三种充电机比较类似，也是大家比较熟悉的，这里就不多介绍了。
第四种充电机具有恒压限流功能，可用于启动性负载如柴油发电机不会损坏充电机，及广泛应用于发电机，泵业，通讯系统，铁路系统，UPS，电力系统，直流不间断电源等电池的自动浮充，以保证电池不过充，不欠充。
第五种充电机广泛应用于电池生产厂的极板化成，电池的初充电及用户的多组电池充电，如汽修厂，发电厂，电瓶商店，铁路系统，通讯系统等。
智能蓄电池充电机分类充电机从电流上分大体可以分为：变压器整流电源开关电源电阻电容降压整流电源充电机适用于电动搬运车、电动升降车、电动托盘车、堆高车、叉车、高尔夫球车、电动游览车及汽车、坦克车、中小型发电机组上的启动蓄电池等设备；同时也是蓄电池维修商的必选产品。
（一）充电机使用注意事项1、电池极性不能接反，否则会损坏智能充电机和电池。
快充协议有几种
快充协议有几种在移动设备快速充电技术的发展中，快充协议是至关重要的一环。
快充协议是指移动设备和充电器之间的通信协议，通过这一协议，充电器可以根据设备的需求动态调整输出电压和电流，从而实现快速充电的效果。
目前市面上存在着多种快充协议，每种协议都有其特点和适用范围。
本文将对几种常见的快充协议进行介绍，希望能够帮助大家更好地了解和选择适合自己设备的快充方案。
1. Qualcomm Quick Charge（高通快充）。
高通快充是由美国芯片制造商高通推出的快充技术，目前已经推出了多个版本。
这种快充技术通过在充电器和设备之间进行通信，实现了动态调节电压和电流的功能，从而能够在短时间内给设备充满电。
目前最新的Quick Charge 4+版本，支持了更高的功率输出和更高的效率，可以为用户带来更快的充电体验。
2. USB Power Delivery（USB PD）。
USB PD是由USB-IF（USB Implementers Forum）推出的一种快充协议，它可以通过USB接口为设备提供更高功率的充电。
USB PD支持的功率范围非常广泛，从5W到100W不等，可以满足不同设备的充电需求。
另外，USB PD还支持双向供电和动态调节电压，可以实现更加灵活和高效的充电方式。
3. MediaTek Pump Express（联发科快充）。
联发科快充是由台湾芯片制造商联发科推出的快充技术，它可以在短时间内为设备充满电，并且支持多种充电协议。
联发科快充技术还具有多种保护功能，可以保证充电过程中设备的安全性和稳定性。
4. VOOC Flash Charge（OPPO 闪充）。
VOOC闪充是由中国手机厂商OPPO推出的快充技术，它采用了低电压高电流的充电方式，通过特殊的充电线和充电头，可以在短时间内为设备充满电。
VOOC 闪充技术还具有一系列的安全保护功能，可以有效地保护设备和充电器。
总结。
以上介绍了几种常见的快充协议，每种协议都有其特点和适用范围。
机械工程英语Q
机械工程英语Q部分Q factor && Q值因数Q-percentile life && 可靠寿命QC && (Quality Control) 品管，质量控制QC Section && 品管科QDIM && 快速标注QFD && (Quality Function Development) 品质功能改进QMS && (Quality Monitoring System) 品质监控系统qsave && 快存，快速存档(quick save)qtext && 快速文字，快速文字(quick text)quad array && 方阵quadrant && ①齿扇②排档限位板③扇形构件④象限quadrant electrometer && 象限静电计quadrant-edge orifice plate && 1/4圆周边缘孔板quadratic && 二次quadrupole field && 四极场quadrupole ion trap && 四极离子阱quadrupole mass filter && 四极滤质器quadrupole mass spectrometer && 四极质谱计quadrupole probe && 四极探头quadrupole residual gas analyzer && 四极残余气体分析器quadrupole rods && 四极杆qualification && 鉴定qualification standard && 鉴定标准qualification test && 鉴定试验qualifying && 赛车轮胎qualitative analysis && 定性分析qualitative physical model && 定性物理模型quality && 质量，品质quality assurance && 质量保证quality assurance for information system development && 信息系统开发的质量保证quality assurance system && 质量保证系统quality control && 质量控制[QC]quality factors of software && 软件质量因素quality inspection && 质量检验quality management && 质量管理quality measurement system && 质量检测系统quality of service && 服务质量协调quality supervision && 质量监督quantitative analysis && 定量分析quantitative differential thermal analysis && 定量差热分析，定量差热(分析)仪[QDTA]quantity && 量，数量quantity of customs count && 会计师盘，点数量quantity of heat && 热量quantity of illumination && 光照量quantity of radiant energy && 辐射能量quantity of radiation && 幅射能量quantity on hand && 现有库存量quantity to be measured && 被测量quantization && 量化quantization error && 量化误差quantized error && 量化误差quantized noise && 量化噪声quantized signal && 量化信号quart && 夸脱(1夸脱=2 pints 品脱=1.101升)quarter && ①四分之一，一刻钟②方向，地区，方面③季，季度quarter circle orifice plate && 1/4圆孔板quarter elliptic && 四分之一椭圆弹簧quarter light && 后侧窗quarter wavelength resonator && 四分之一波长谐振器quartet && 四重布置，四重检测quartz crystal unit humidity sensor && 晶体振子式湿度传感器quartz crystal unit humidity transducer && 晶体振子式湿度传感器quartz halogen lamp && 石英卤素灯quartz iodine lamp && 石英碘灯quartz module && 石英组件quartz spring gravimeter && 石英弹簧重力仪quartz thermometer && 石英温度计quartz-Bourdon tube pressure gauge && 石英弹簧管压力计quasi-equilibrium theory && 准平衡理论quasi-linear characteristics && 准线性特性quasi-molecular ion && 准分子离子quasi-periodic vibration && 准周期振动quasi-rigid rotor && 准刚性转子quasi-sinusoidal quantity && 准正弦量quasi-static unbalance && 准静不平衡quench && 激冷quench ageing && 淬火老化quench and tempering && 调质quench hardening && 淬火quench motor && 激冷型发动机quenching && ①淬火②阻塞③骤冷quenching and tempering && 调质处理quenching crack && 淬裂，淬火裂痕quenching cracks && 淬火裂纹quenching die && 淬火压模quenching distortion && 淬火变形quenching press && 淬火压床quenching stress && 淬火应力query by example system && QBE系统query optimization && 查询优化question and answer mode && 问答式queue && 队queuing theory && 排队论quick ageing && 快速陈化quick anneal oven && 快速退火炉quick bath && 快冷槽quick break && 快速断路quick charge && 快速充电quick charger && 快速充电机quick connector && 快速联接器quick cure && 快速硫化法，快速熟化法quick de-excitation && 快速灭磁quick die change systems && 速换模系统quick mold change systems && 快速换模系统quick release valve && ①快放阀②快放控制器quick sorting && 快速排序quick thermophysical property measuring apparatus && 热物性快速测定仪quick tour && 快速指南快速导览quick-break cut-out && 快动断路器quick-break fuse && 速断熔断器quick-break knife-switch && 速断闸刀开关quick-break switch && 快断开关quick-change gearbox && 快速变换齿轮箱quick-closing valve && 速关闸quick-connect terminal && 快接端子，速接端子quick-cutting steel && 高速钢，快削钢quick-detachable coupling && 快卸式接头quick-return characteristics && 急回特性，急回机构quick-return mechanism && 急回机构quick-return motion && 急回机构quiescent chamber && 静态燃烧室quiescent combustion && 静态燃烧quietening cant && 消声斜面quill drive && 套管传动quinhydrone electrode && 醌氢醌电极quinhydrone half-cell && 醌氢醌半电池quinoid && 醌型quinoid by-products && 醌类副产品quinoid compound && 醌型化合物quinoid structure && 醌型结构quinol && 醌醇，氢醌quinoline dye && 喹咻染料，氮萘染料quinoneimine && 醌亚胺quinoneimine dye && 醌亚胺染料quinquevalence && 五价quintet && 五重布置，五重检测quintode && 五极管quintuple && ①五倍的，五重的②五倍压器③五倍频器quintupling && (成)五倍quire && 刀(纸张数量单位，24或25张)quotient relay && 商数继电器quotient-meter && 商值表quotient-multiplier register && 乘数商数寄存器。
GPM-X2 Series 2-Channel 同时充电器说明书
Thank you for your choice in purchasing a Core SWX style battery charger. The charger is designed to improve and assist you in your battery charging requirements.Please read this manual to help you understand and capitalize on the features of this charger.Features:• Rugged, sleekly styled, compact charger chassis.• Automatic Universal AC input for world-wide use.• Automatic detection of damaged or misused batteries for added safety.Charging Operation:• Insert the AC power cord into the AC receptacle in the back of the charger. • Connect all batteries needing charge into the charger. • Turn the rear panel power switch to the ON position. At this time the switch will light and the LED lights on the front panel of the charger will blink green when charging.• If the battery does not meet quick charging conditions(i.e. temperature or deeply discharged) the charger will precharge the battery and go into a trickle charge mode until it is safe to enter quick charge mode.• The LED corresponding with the charging bay will turn solid green when the battery is fully charged.Notes On Use:• While operating the charger do not place anything on the charger or block the ventilation slots.• An increase in temperature is normal during charging.• Make sure to firmly connect batteries to the charger mounts and that the contacts are clean.• The product must be earthed.• Do not attempt to disassemble the charger, please contact CoreSWX for any service issues.• The fuse within the AC receptacle can be replaced only with one of the same type and rating. (A spare fuse is included for your convenience)• Do not operate this device near equipment susceptible tonoise(i.e. TV).When charging two packs,the charger will charge simultaneously a approximately 4hours.t 1.5A per hour charge rate. 98wh packs will charge in •This charge is designed for Li-Ion packs solely.Compatibility outside of Core SWX battery packs • For V-mount, this charger will charge most V-mount, Lithium Ion packs on the market.•For 3-Stud, this charger will only charge Core SWX packs.。
桌面式智能快充 DP20 产品说明书
桌面式智能快充Desktop Smart Fast Charger 使用说明书CATALOGDP20桌面式智能快充使用指南产品特点01结构介绍01-02产品参数03-04操作步骤05-10使用注意事项11产品售后12产品特点结构介绍产品多功能展示产品正面100-240V AC 宽电压输入 2.4寸-IPS 高清显示屏WiFi联网/OTA升级蓝牙互联无线充电最大功率15W足额200W大功率4+4+1+1超多快充口支持多种快充协议PD3.0/QC4.0/SCP/PE2.0等曲线检测电流电压 数据分析2.4寸 IPS 高清显示屏第二路（USB-A快充接口）第二路（Type-C快充接口）第四路（USB-A快充接口）第一路（USB-A快充接口）第一路（Type-C快充接口）第三路（USB-A快充接口）第三路（Type-C快充接口）第四路（Type-C快充接口）产品背面包装清单散热口电源线接口蓝牙wifi天线开关电源DC输出短按：切换选择、退出长按：进入曲线界面联机后升级、监测主机 (1)电源线 ..................1合格证 (1)说明书卡片 (1)基本参数产品参数名称：桌面式智能快充输入电压:100-240V AC 60Hz/50Hz 快充电压:阶梯式5V/9V/12V 15V/20V 最大输出功率:200W 主机尺寸:111*148*52mm通讯方式：蓝牙/Wi-Fi/有线输出电流：0-8A 快充电流：0-2.2/3A 无线充功率：5-15W 裸机重量/kg：0.67显示屏尺寸：2.4寸IPS(320*240)快充协议：PD3.0/QC4.0/SCP 快充最大功率：1-2-3路44W 第4路60W DC输出：24V 8A直流输出采用精度：前面板10mA;DC口不采集IPS高清大屏曲线蓝牙WIFI 宽电压输入智能主要功能参数4+4+1+1超多快充口支持多种快充协议支持 PPS/PD3.0/PD2.0支持 QC4+/QC4/QC3.0/QC2.0支持AFC 支持 SCP支持 PE2.0/PE1.1支持 SFCP 支持低压直充支持5-15W无线充市场普遍是在5V1.5A和5V2A，也就是7.5W和10W，最高可达15W 宽视角、广色域、高亮度对比度、较低的眩光和抗闪烁、响应快数据可视化；实时电压电流曲线精准监测输出WIFI联网：固件升级、远程维护，实时监控、远程控制，云端数据库设备协同工作，蓝牙互联100-240V AC（60Hz/50Hz）默认休眠并显示当地时间天气、界面高刷、自适应多路输出状态变化联网无线升级、平台监控、专属云端数据库平台支持自定义设备开机画面、自定义设备60W输出口*以上数值皆为艾讯实验室测量，请以实际为准！常规参数艾讯助手增强人机交互，远程控制、电流采集对比、自定义我的设备界面全新改版，清新亮丽，提高内容屏占比，自适应充电状态屏幕 2.4寸IPS屏，分辨率：320*240，色彩表现优强劲功率1-3路快充44W/4路60W、无线充5-15WDC直流24V/8A=192W（电源直出、无监控采样）产品接口功能参数Type-C快充接口快充USB-A快充接口快充无线充快充DC口直流输出按键（左上角）短按，切换选择、退出；长按先进入数字界面，短按切换到曲线界面Type-C插口联机后升级、监测产品使用介绍1合金外壳超强防静电隔离设计短按左侧的按钮可切换设备2IPS高清显示屏界面全新改版，显示效果清晰细腻无线充硅胶垫1-2-3 路单口功率44W 4路单口功率60W最大充电总功率200W40°C开始，38°C停止（38°C恒温）良好的散热通道，有效降低发热量，保证手机充电安全34+1+1超清快充口支持多种快充协议4精准控温自动控温不发烫自适应通道状态显示PD3.0/QC4.0/SCP/PE2.0等5宽幅电压 全球通用 适应100-240V AC供电电压输入充电使用步骤连接DP20电源线插上电源打开开关连接手机DP20接上数据线即可充电还可以支持无线充电关闭电源后面的开关即可关闭DP20屏幕最多可实时监控5台设备数据和一个主机数据支持Type-C/USB-A/无线充DC直流同时输出DP20上方支持无线充电无线充最大功率可达15W，均可实时检测数据6支持无线充电 实时检测多台设备功能更强大支持四路双接口同时快充通过Type-c/WIFI/蓝牙三种连接方式支持OTA持续升级通过微信小程序艾讯助手,可远程控制DP20连接WIFIUSB升级连接左侧的Type-c接口，连接电脑，使用艾讯软件即可升级版本后续升级版本可默认休眠并显示当地时间天气，通过艾讯助手，增强人机交互，电流采集对比7艾讯平台升级更新WiFi联网/OTA升级/蓝牙互联 艾讯官网 下载中心下载艾讯助手在PC端下载艾讯助手，通过WIFI连接或Type-C接口进行升级曲线检测充电电流8曲线检测 电流电压 数据分析 蓝牙Wi-Fi传输数据/升级选择某个正在充电的通道，长按先进入数字界面，短按切换到曲线界面也可以通过Type-c数据线或无线连接电脑艾讯软件，PC端分析数据更直观!使用注意事项为了避免损坏电源及作业环境的安全，应遵守以下事项:本产品使用三线接地插头，必须插入三孔接地插座内，不要随意更改插头或使用未接地三头适配而使接地不良。
电动汽车直流快速充电机使用说明书
･许继电源有限公司XU JI POWER CO.,LTD.EVQC31-120A500V-D1-G001电动汽车直流快速充电机使用说明书2016-7-15版本：目录1 概述1.1 适用范围EVQC31-120A500V-D1-G001电动汽车直流快速充电机主要用于电动乘用车的快速充电，适合安装于电动汽车充换电站、公共停车场、住宅小区停车场、大型商厦停车场等场所，可为电动汽车动力蓄电池提供直流电能。
满足GBT 充电接口设计标准和按GBT 27930标准设计的车载BMS 系统的电动汽车方允许采用此产品进行充电操作。
1.2 型号说明EVQC31-产品外观序列号额定输出电压额定输出电流产品型号120A500V -产品功能序列号D1G001-EVQC: Electric Vehicle Quick Charger ，电动汽车快速充电机EVQC31：31系列的直流快速充电机,该系列充电机为一体式一机一充直流快速充电机120A ：充电机额定输出电流 500V ：充电机额定输出电压 D1：产品外观序列编号G001：产品功能序列号，G001为满足国网充电机产品功能配置要求的充电机编号 1.3 产品概述 1.3.1 产品构成EVQC31-120A500V-D1-G001电动汽车直流快速充电机，是一个能提供国标充电接口和安全可靠充电业务，具有良好的用户体验，满足精确计量计费、充电记录存储、消费结账功能，并具有一定的配置能力，方便调试的产品。
主要有7个功能单元：交流配电单元、功率转换单元、直流输出单元、充电接口、充电控制单元、计费认证单元、用户终端。
其产品功能架构如图1-1所示：图1-1 直流快速充电机产品功能架构1)交流配电单元：该单元配置交流断路器、交流接触器、微断控制开关及C级防雷器，该功能单元将交流电能分配至各用电设备，保证设备的安全运行。
2)功率转换单元：该单元有多个充电模块并联组成，每台充电模块均具备自动均流功能和故障自动退出功能，当其中一个充电模块出现故障时，充电系统仍然可以正常运行。
电动汽车脉冲快速充电器_英文_
Pulse Q uick Charger of Electric V ehicleZHAN G Cheng 2ning , WU Bing 2feng , SUN Feng 2chun , ZHAN G Wang(School of Vehicle and Trans portation Engineering ,Beijing Institute of Technology ,Beijing 100081,China )Abstract :In order to improve the charging efficiency of lead 2acid battery ,shorten the charging time and avoid the battery polarization ,a new charging method was put forward.Based on the analyzed results of charging charac 2teristic of lead 2acid battery ,a pulse quick charger is designed to adjust the charging current pulse ’s amplitude and pulse width automatically stage by stage according to the measured battery voltage and feedback 2pared with other kinds of quick chargers ,it has such characteristics as shorter charging time ,higher charging effi 2ciency and lower temperature increasing during the charging process.As a result ,the battery polarization is re 2duced efficiently.K ey w ords :pulse quick charger ;lead 2acid battery ;electric vehicleC LC number :TM 910.6 Document code :A Article ID :100420579(2002)0320240206R eceived 2001210215Biography ZHAN G Cheng 2ning (1963-),professor ,Ph.D. Under the stress of oil scarcity and air pollution ,the electric vehicle has been paid more attention to for its characteristic of zero pollution and high efficiency.While battery pack ,as the electric vehicle ’s power source ,affects the vehicle ’s performance greatly.To charge the battery pack quickly while maintain the cycling life becomes a key technology of electric vehi 2cles.The charging modes ’selection is mainly deter 2mined by the battery ’s charging characteristic.As the main job of a charger designing ,it is to charge the battery as fast as possible while under the require 2ment of reducing the temperature increasing ,decreas 2ing the battery charging inner resistance and main 2taining the battery ’s cycling life.1 Main F actors Influencing B attery ’sQ uick Charging The terminal voltage of battery reflects the po 2larization degree of battery electrode.The terminal voltage is increasing during charging and decreasing during discharging.There are several factors influ 2encing the battery ’s charging characteristic greatly ,and they are as follows [1].1.1 The Ohm Polarization of B atteryDuring charging ,the cation moves to the posi 2tive pole and the anion moves to the negative pole separately.But the electrolyte resistance and the elec 2trode resistance block the ion movement ,as a result ,the terminal voltage increases and heat is produced which is proportional to the square of charging cur 2rent.It is clear that the greater the charging current is ,the higher the battery temperature increasing is and the greater the amount of gassing is ,as a result ,the capacity and cycling life of the battery is reduced.1.2 Density Difference of B atteryDuring battery charging ,the electrochemical re 2action mainly takes place around the interface be 2tween the battery electrode and the battery elec 2trolyte.Under the action of exterior electric field ,the H +ion on the positive electrode moves to the neg 2ative electrode while the HSO -4ion on the negative electrode moves to the positive electrode.Because the movement speed is very slower than that of electro 2chemical reaction ,the difference of electrolyte density occurs around the electrodes.The larger the chargingcurrent is,the quicker the electrochemical reaction is, the bigger the density difference is,as a result,the effective part of charging current to charge battery is reduced.1.3 Electrochemistry Polarization of B atteryDuring battery charging,the active material on the positive electrode reacts with electrolyte.The metal Pb on the positive electrode loses two electrons and becomes Pb2+,while the Pb2+on the negative electrode gets two electrons and becomes metal Pb. Because the chemistry reaction speed is much slower than that of the electrons’movement,the electrons on the positive electrode decrease gradually and those on the negative electrode increase gradually,as a re2 sult,electrochemistry polarization occurs and the charging current is blocked.2 Theoretical B asis of Multistage Current2Adjusting Q uick Charger Nowadays,there are two typical charging styles:constant2current charging and constant2 voltage charging[2].These two charging modes are easy to control,but there still exist some shortcom2 ings.During charging,the polarization of battery be2 comes severer and severer with the increasing of bat2 tery capacity and terminal voltage.As a result,the charging current will become smaller and smaller.In order to improve the charging efficiency,it is neces2 sary to control and adjust the charging current during battery charging.For the constant2current charging style,the charging current is smaller than the maximal charging current that the battery can accept at the initial stages and extends the charging period.While at the last charging period,the charging current is larger than the current that the battery can accept,as a result, most of the charging current is used to electrolyze wa2 ter and produce heat.The charging efficiency will be very low.On the other hand,with the gassing pro2 cess and temperature increasing of the battery,the battery electrodes will be damaged deeply and the ac2 tive material on the electrodes will come off soon,as a result,the cycling life of the battery is shortened.The MASS law points out that the acceptable charging current changes exponentially with the charging duration as shown in Fig.1.The acceptable charging current decreases and the battery’s accept2 able charging ratio decreases with the increase of the charging duration.According to the ideal charging current curve as shown in Fig.1,the charging cur2 rent should be as large as possible for the high accept2 able charging ratio of the battery at the beginning of charging.Thus it is reasonable to widen the charging current pulse to get large current at the beginning of charging.As a result,the charging duration is short2 ened and the charging efficiency is improved,espe2 cially,the polarization and temperature increasing is effectively decreased for the existence of stop duration between two charging pulses.If the terminal voltage of battery reaches the pre2settled value,the charging current pulse is shortened and the effective charging current is reduced gradually to reduce the temperature increasing and decrease the battery’s polarization, and the battery’s charging efficiency is increased.In the practical applications,it is necessary to design a charger to adjust the practical charging current ac2 cording to the ideal charging current curve as shown in Fig.1,that is the theoretical basis of the multi2 stage current2adjusting quickcharger.Fig.1 Battery charging current curve3 Operation Principle of the Pulse Q uick Charger For battery,the best charging performance is as follows:①Charging the battery fully for a short time;②Limiting the temperature increasing,thatis,to reduce the heat produced during the charging process.For this reason,a double closed loop control system with current and voltage as the feedback pa2 rameters is used in the pulse quick charger we de2 signed.Based on the feedback control theory,it is a best way to select the negative feedback control to get the ideal dynamic or static characteristics of control parameters with the good anti2interference perfor2 mance at the same time.For the battery charger,the control parameters are the battery terminal voltage and the charging current,so it is reasonable to design the feedback control system with the battery terminal voltage and charging current as the feedback parame2 ters.The pulse quick charger we designed is con2 trolled by a single2chip computer system.The charg2 ing current is adjusted in real time according to the ideal acceptable charging current of the battery by the software system.In practice,the current adjustment is realized by adjusting the width and amplitude of the charging current pulse stage by stage.Firstly a large pulse2width current pulse with large amplitude is se2 lected and the battery terminal voltage increases grad2 ually.When the battery terminal voltage reaches the pre2settled value U1,in order to avoid the battery’s polarization effect,a control signal from the single2 chip system is sent out to switch off the charging cir2 cuit,the charger stops charging battery for a while. Then according to the program,the pulse2width and amplitude of the charging current pulse is reduced and the charger continoues to charge the battery.When the battery terminal voltage reaches the pre2settled value U2,in order to avoid the batery’s polarization effect the charging circuit is again cut off and the charger stops charging battery again for a while. Based on the feedback signal of battery terminal volt2 age,the charging current is adjusted automatically ac2 cording to the cycle introduced above.The method of adjusting the charging current stage by stage is feasi2 ble and better for shortening the charging duration, reducing the temperature increasing and avoiding the battery polarization,as a result,the battery’s charg2 ing efficiency is increased greatly.4 System Design of the Pulse Q uick Charger4.1 H ardw are SystemThe hardware system of the pulse quick charger is made up mainly of AC/DC converter,DC electric source,IG B T module[3],high2frequency trans2 former,rectification and filter circuit,2051single chip[4],3525PWM chip,current sensor,voltage sensor,comparator group,temperature switch,AC flip2flop,etc.The systematic block diagram is shown as Fig.2.The AC220V voltage acts as the input voltage of AC/DC converter after the AC flip2flop’s connec2 tion.The DC output of the AC/DC converter acts as the voltage input of the DC/DC converter and the DC/DC converter yields the current I0and voltage U0to charge the battery.SG3525is a special chip of PWM.The output signals of SG3525act as the con2 trol signals to control I1and I2of the IG B T module after being magnified by the power amplifier.After the transformation of high2frequency transformer T1 and rectification with filter circuit,the output of I1 and I2acts as the charging current and charging volt2 age to charge the battery pack or single battery.A sampling resistance is used to monitor the charging current and its output voltage signal acts as the feed2 back signal of SG3525after being magnified by the power amplifier.The controller’s main function is to yield controlling signals of charging current and the switch signals of the charging circuit and to monitor the working state of the quick charger.The controller is made up of A T89C2051single chip computer and its accessorial circuits.The input voltage of DC sourceis 220V AC and its outputs are DC5V and DC12V which are the input DC voltage of the DC/DC con 2verter ,comparator group ,controller and temperature switches.The comparator group is made up of three comparators and its control is realized by two LM393chips.During the charging process ,when the termi 2nal voltage reaches the pre 2settled values ,the con 2troller will yield a signal to stop the charging process for a while.4.2 Soft w are System [5]The quick charger system selects an A T89C2051as its control unit.The software system ’s main func 2tion is to yield a charging pulse with alterable duty ra 2tio ,give a suitable time to change the charging style and stop the charging process ,and to deal with the feedback data and yield reasonable adjusting signals.The software system is designed by a blocking method ,which mainly includes main program ,tim 2ing interrupt subprogram ,pulse duty ratio ’s calcula 2tion and output subprogram ,and stop program.4.2.1 Main ProgramMain program ’s function is mainly to execute initialization ,including setting the initial values of registers ,setting the time constant of timer and out 2putting signals to allow the interrupt ’s appearance.The flow chart of the main program is shown as Fig.3.4.2.2 Timing Interrupt SubprogramThis subprogram ’s main job is to offer the syn 2chronism signal for charging current pulse ,to produce the timing control and to switch between different charging modes.By comparing the results of batteryterminal voltage and the charging duration pre 2set 2tled ,the duty ratio of the charging current pulse is adjusted automatically.The flow chart of timing in 2terrupt subprogram is shown as Fig.4.5 Experimental R esultAs a comparison ,we did an experiment to charge a battery by different chargers ,one is a charg 2er with the constant 2current constant 2voltage 2charg 2ing mode and the other is a charger with the multi 2stage adjustment of charging current pulse.The ex 2perimental results are listed in Tab.1and Tab.2.Table 1lists the experimental results of two dif 2ferent chargers ,one is a charger with 10A 2current and 1415V 2voltage charging mode and the other is a charger with the multistage adjustment of charging current pulse.The charging energy can be calculated asE =∑ki =1I iU iΔt ,(1)where I i is the charging current ,A ;U i is the charg 2ing voltage ,V ;Δt is the charging duration ,s.Compared with the constant current 2constant voltage charging mode ,the charger with multistage adjustment of charging current pulse has the followingadvantages:the charging duration is shortened by 1715%,the charging acceptable ratio is increased by6164%and the battery ’s temperature increasing is reduced by 316%.T ab.1 Experimental results of the tw o chargerst /sconstant 2currentconstant 2voltage chargermultistage current 2adjustingquick chargerI /AU /Vθ/℃I /AU /Vθ/℃t /sconstant 2current constant 2voltage chargermultistage current 2adjustingquick chargerI /AU /Vθ/℃I /AU /Vθ/℃01010111972210201011198221030101012157231020101217323146010101217023182010121932413901010121832414201013112251212010101219424182010131382517150101013105251320101316426121801010131192517201014129271019510101312625182010141532712210101013134261010101319327132401010131532614101014125271225510101316926171010141462712270101013184261851013198271230010101416527135101411827113301010141552714510141372711360818141502715510141532710390610141502714210141012710420415141502713210141162619450410141502712210141292619480315141502711210141432619495310141502711210141502619510215141502711540210141502711570115141502710600110141502710T ab.2 The general experimental results of the tw o chargerschargercharging duration/hcharging energy/(W ・h )charging energy losses/(W ・h )charging efficiency/%amplitude of temperature increasing/℃constant current 10A +constant voltage/1415V 6+41130.95915.1280.925.5multistage current 2adjusting 20A +10A +5A +2A3125+1100+1175+21251149123100612587156513 The battery charging inner resistance is not aconstant for the battery ’s special structure and chem 2istry reaction characteristic.The temperature of the electrolytic liquid rises gradually during battery ’s charging.At the beginning of charging ,the terminal voltage of battery rises very fast and maintains nearly a constant value during the medium 2term charging process and rises very fast again when the battery is nearly fully charged.The battery ’s acceptable charg 2ing ratio decreases with the charging process ,as a re 2sult ,the terminal voltage of battery increases fast ,the battery inner resistance increases and the battery temperature increases.From Fig.5,it can be con 2cluded that by using the charger with multistage ad 2justment of charging current pulse ,the acceptable charging ratio increases a little at the beginning of thecharging process ,the battery terminal voltage ’s fast increasing is avoided and the battery polarization ef 2fect is avoided efficiently.Fig.5 The battery terminal voltage curvesFigure 6shows the temperature curves of the two different charging modes.Curve θ1corresponds totheconstant 2currentconstant 2voltage 2chargingmode and curve θ2corresponds to the charger withthe multistage adjustment of charging current pulse.From curve θ2,it is shown that the battery tempera 2ture increases very fast for the large charging current ,when the battery terminal voltage reaches the pre 2set 2tled value ,the charging current is reduced stage by stage and the battery temperature begins to reduce gradually.From curve θ1,it is shown that when the battery terminal voltage reaches the constant voltage pre 2settled ,the charging process switches to con 2stant 2voltage mode ,the charging current can ’t be re 2duced very quickly and the battery temperature is still maintained at a higher value.In general ,the battery temperature ’s increasing of the charger with the mul 2tistage adjustment of charging current pulse is lower than that of the constant 2current constant 2voltage 2chargingmode.Fig.6 The battery temperature curves6 ConclusionsThrough the experimental results ,it is shown that the pulse quick charger we designed is betterthan the traditional charger with the constant 2current and constant 2voltage charging mode.By using the pulse quick charger ,the temperature increases quick 2er than other chargers at the beginning of the charg 2ing period for the large charging current ,but the charging duration is shortened greatly ,the charging efficiency is improved greatly ,the battery polarization effect is avoided efficiently and the temperature in 2creasing amplitude is limited.What ’s more ,the charging current of the pulse quick charger can follow the ideal charging current efficiently.R eferences :[1] Zhu S ongran.Battery handbook [M ].Tianjin :TianjinUniversity Press ,1998.(in Chinese )[2] Zhang Chengning ,Zhao Hongjie ,Sun Fengchun ,et al.Research on the nickel metal hydride battery quick charg 2er[J ].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology ,2000,9(2):211-216.[3] Shepherd W ,Hulley L N ,Liang D T W.Power elec 2tronics and motor control.2nd ed [M ].Cambrid ge :Cambridge University Press ,1995.[4] Yu Y ongquan.Principle and application of single 2chipcomputer flash[M ].Beijing :Beijing University of Aero 2nautics and Astronautics Press ,1998.(in Chinese )[5] Sun Hanfang ,Xu Aiqing.Principle and application ofsing 2chip computer MCS 51/96[M ].Beijing :Beijing U 2niversity of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press ,1998.(in Chinese )电动汽车脉冲快速充电器张承宁, 吴兵峰, 孙逢春, 张 旺(北京理工大学车辆与交通工程学院,北京 100081)摘 要:为了提高铅酸蓄电池的充电效率,缩短充电时间,消除蓄电池的极化现象,在分析密封式铅酸蓄电池的充电特性的基础上,采用脉宽调制技术,分阶段改变充电电流的大小,根据电压、电流反馈自动控制调节充电脉冲宽度,设计了一种快速脉冲充电器.和以往的快速充电器相比较,该冲电器具有充电时间短,充电效率高,尤其是在充电过程中电池内部的温升降低,减小了电池的极化现象.关键词:脉冲快速充电器;铅酸蓄电池;电动汽车。
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多功能快速充电器,Quick Charger
多功能快速充电器,Quick Charger
本装置是一个带放电功能的全自动快速（１小时）恒流充电器，它具有放电、充电、快充结束自停等功能，快充结束后有声、光提醒，并能自动转为涓流充电。
下面介绍该装置的工作原理及制作方法。
工作原理：
工作原理如下图所示。
它以ＩＣ２（ＣＤ４０６０）为核心组成控制电路。
ＣＤ４０６０内部电路由两部分组成：一部分是１４级分频器，其分频系数为１６～１６３８４（由Ｑ４～Ｑ１４输出）。
另一部分是振荡器，由外接电阻和电容构成ＲＣ振荡器。
本装置由Ｃ４、Ｒ２、Ｒ３和ＩＣ２内部电路组成振荡器。
接通充电器电源开关Ｋ，由Ｃ３、Ｒ１组成上电复位电路使ＩＣ２复位，ＩＣ２开始计数，Ｑ４～Ｑ１４输出为低电平，Ｔ３导通，由Ｄ５～Ｄ７、Ｔ３、Ｒ８组成的恒流源工作，电源通过Ｒ８、Ｔ３、Ｄ８、Ｊ１－２常闭。