初中英语语法基础知识大全
初中英语语法点总结

初中英语语法点总结英语语法是学习英语的重要组成部分,它是我们学习英语的基础,掌握好英语语法对我们的英语学习至关重要。
下面我将对初中英语常见的语法点进行总结,希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握英语语法知识。
一、名词。
1.名词的复数形式。
英语名词的复数形式有规律可循,一般情况下在名词后面加上-s或-es即可。
例如,book—books, box—boxes。
2.不可数名词。
不可数名词是指不能用复数形式的名词,它们通常表示抽象的概念、液体、粉末、食物等。
例如,water, rice, sugar等。
二、代词。
1.人称代词。
人称代词分为主格和宾格,主格用作句子的主语,宾格用作动词或介词的宾语。
例如,I(主格) love English. He(宾格) is talking to her.2.物主代词。
物主代词用来表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
例如,This is my(形容词性) book. The book is mine(名词性).三、动词。
1.动词的时态。
英语动词有多种时态,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
要根据句子的语境正确使用时态。
例如,He reads books every day. She went to Beijing last year. I will go to the park tomorrow.2.动词的语态。
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态,要根据句子的需要正确使用。
例如,Theboy kicked the ball. The ball was kicked by the boy.四、形容词与副词。
1.形容词的比较级和最高级。
形容词的比较级和最高级分别用于比较两者和三者或三者以上的事物。
例如,big—bigger—biggest, good—better—best.2.副词的用法。
副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,它可以表示时间、地点、原因、程度等。
例如,She runs quickly. He speaks English very well.五、连词。
初中英语语法知识汇总

初中英语语法知识汇总初中英语语法知识汇总英语语法是我们学习英语时必须掌握的基础知识,在初中阶段掌握好英语语法对学好英语至关重要。
本文将汇总初中英语语法知识,帮助初中生巩固英语语法知识。
一、名词名词是英语中的一种语法形式,用来表示人、事、物或概念。
名词有单数和复数两种形式,除此之外,还有可数名词和不可数名词两种。
可数名词指可以数出来的名词,如书、人、苹果等;不可数名词指不可以数出来的名词,如水、牛奶、钱等。
可数名词的复数形式通常在词尾加-s或-es,如books、apples;不可数名词没有复数形式,如water、money。
二、代词代词用来代替名词,以避免重复使用相同的名词。
代词包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词。
人称代词分为主格和宾格:主格用在主语位置,宾格用在动词后或介词后,如I、me、he、him、she、her、we、us、they、them。
物主代词用来表示所属关系,如my、your、his、her、its、our、their。
反身代词用来表示动作的施与者和承受者是同一个人或事物,如myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、themselves。
指示代词用来指出人或物的位置或指代上下文中提到的事物,如this、that、these、those。
疑问代词用来引导疑问句,如who、whom、whose、what、which。
不定代词用来表示未指定的人或事物,如anyone、someone、everyone、no one、anything、something、everything、nothing。
三、动词动词是指用来表示行为或状态的词语。
根据词尾和变化方式,动词分为不规则动词和规则动词。
不规则动词的变化规则不规则,如go的过去式是went,eat的过去式是ate。
规则动词的变化规则通常是在词尾加-ed,如walk的过去式是walked,talk的过去式是talked。
初中英语语法基础知识大全100题

初中英语语法基础知识大全100题Grammar is the foundation of language, and a strong grasp of grammar principles is essential for effective communication in English. For middle school students, establishing a solid understanding of English grammar basics is crucial as they continue to develop their language skills. This essay will explore 100 essential grammar fundamentals that every middle school student should master.1. Parts of Speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Pronouns, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections.2. Singular and Plural Nouns: Regular and irregular plural forms.3. Possessive Nouns: Forming possessive case with apostrophes.4. Proper Nouns and Common Nouns: Capitalization rules.5. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensuring verbs agree with their subjects in number and person.6. Verb Tenses: Present, past, future, and their progressive and perfect forms.7. Irregular Verbs: Common verbs with unique past tense and past participle forms.8. Active Voice and Passive Voice: Recognizing and using both constructions.9. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that require objects and those that do not.10. Linking Verbs: Verbs that connect the subject to a subject complement.11. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs): Verbs that assist the main verb, such as "be," "have," and "do."12. Modal Auxiliaries: Verbs that express possibility, obligation, permission, and other modalities.13. Gerunds and Infinitives: Verbal forms that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.14. Adjective Types: Descriptive, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, and articles.15. Degrees of Comparison: Positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.16. Adverb Types: Manner, time, place, frequency, degree, and sentence adverbs.17. Comparative and Superlative Adverbs: Forming adverb comparisons.18. Personal Pronouns: Subject, object, possessive, and reflexive forms.19. Indefinite Pronouns: Words like "someone," "anyone," "nothing," and "all."20. Relative Pronouns: "Who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that."21. Interrogative Pronouns: "Who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how."22. Preposition Types: Prepositions of time, place, direction, and relationship.23. Prepositional Phrases: Identifying and using prepositional phrases correctly.24. Coordinating Conjunctions: "And," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet."25. Subordinating Conjunctions: "Because," "since," "when," "while," "if," and "unless."26. Correlative Conjunctions: Paired conjunctions like "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor."27. Interjections: Expressing emotion or emphasis, such as "Ouch!" and "Wow!"28. Sentence Types: Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.29. Simple Sentences: One independent clause with a subject and a verb.30. Compound Sentences: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinator.31. Complex Sentences: An independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.32. Compound-Complex Sentences: Combining compound and complex sentence structures.33. Phrases: Noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, andadverb phrases.34. Clauses: Independent clauses and dependent clauses.35. Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers: Recognizing and correcting these common errors.36. Parallel Structure: Maintaining consistency in the grammatical form of related elements.37. Sentence Fragments: Identifying and correcting incomplete sentences.38. Run-On Sentences: Recognizing and fixing two or more independent clauses joined incorrectly.39. Subject-Verb Inversion: Inverting the subject and verb in certain sentence structures.40. Negation: Forming negative statements using "not," "no," and other negating words.41. Contractions: Combining words to form shortened forms, such as "can't" and "won't."42. Capitalization Rules: When to capitalize proper nouns, titles, and the beginning of sentences.43. Punctuation: Using periods, commas, semicolons, colons, apostrophes, and quotation marks correctly.44. Appositives: Noun phrases that rename or describe another noun.45. Participial Phrases: Verb phrases that function as adjectives or adverbs.46. Gerund Phrases: Noun phrases beginning with a gerund.47. Infinitive Phrases: Verb phrases beginning with an infinitive.48. Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses: Defining and nondefining relative clauses.49. Conditional Sentences: "If-then" statements expressing hypothetical situations.50. Passive Voice Transformation: Changing active voice sentences to passive voice.51. Direct and Indirect Speech: Reporting statements, questions, and commands.52. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Ensuring pronouns agree with their antecedents.53. Pronoun Case: Subjective, objective, and possessive pronoun forms.54. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Using "self" and "selves" pronouns correctly.55. Demonstrative Pronouns: "This," "that," "these," and "those."56. Indefinite Pronouns: "Everyone," "someone," "anything," and "nothing."57. Relative Pronouns: "Who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that."58. Interrogative Pronouns: "Who," "what," "which," "whose," and "whom."59. Preposition Placement: Appropriate positioning of prepositions in sentences.60. Conjunction Usage: Selecting the right coordinating or subordinating conjunction.61. Adverb Placement: Properly positioning adverbs within asentence.62. Adjective Order: Following the correct order when using multiple adjectives.63. Verb Tense Consistency: Maintaining consistent verb tense throughout a passage.64. Subjunctive Mood: Using "were" instead of "was" in certain hypothetical statements.65. Gerund vs. Infinitive: Choosing between gerund and infinitive verb forms.66. Active vs. Passive Voice: Determining the appropriate voice for a given sentence.67. Subject-Verb Agreement with Collective Nouns: Singular or plural verb form.68. Compound Subject Agreement: Ensuring correct verb agreement with compound subjects.69. Dangling Modifiers: Correcting sentence structures with unclear modifications.70. Misplaced Modifiers: Placing modifiers in the appropriate position in a sentence.71. Parallel Structure in Lists: Maintaining grammatical consistency ina series of items.72. Comma Usage: Properly using commas in a variety of sentence structures.73. Semicolon Usage: Correctly applying semicolons to join independent clauses.74. Colon Usage: Appropriately using colons to introduce lists or explanations.75. Apostrophe Usage: Proper placement of apostrophes in possessive forms and contractions.76. Quotation Mark Usage: Correctly incorporating quotations and dialogue.77. Capitalization Rules: Applying capitalization guidelines for proper nouns, titles, and more.78. Abbreviation and Acronym Usage: Correctly using abbreviated forms and acronyms.79. Numbers and Numerals: Deciding when to spell out numbers versus using numerals.80. Commonly Confused Words: Distinguishing between homophones and similar-sounding words.81. Idioms and Idiomatic Expressions: Understanding and using common English idioms.82. Preposition Combinations: Mastering the appropriate prepositions to use in various contexts.83. Relative Clause Placement: Ensuring relative clauses are positioned correctly.84. Noun Clause Structure: Constructing noun clauses as subjects, objects, and complements.85. Adverb Clause Structure: Forming adverb clauses to provide additional information.86. Adjective Clause Structure: Creating adjective clauses to modifynouns and pronouns.87. Conditional Clause Structure: Constructing "if-then" statements and other conditional sentences.88. Passive Voice Transformation: Converting active voice sentences to passive voice.89. Direct and Indirect Speech: Accurately reporting statements, questions, and commands.90. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Ensuring pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and gender.91. Pronoun Case: Properly using subjective, objective, and possessive pronoun forms.92. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Identifying and applying the correct "self" pronouns.93. Demonstrative Pronouns: Appropriately using "this," "that," "these," and "those."94. Indefinite Pronouns: Recognizing and using universal, existential, and negative pronouns.95. Relative Pronouns: Selecting the right relative pronoun ("who," "whom," "whose," "which," "that").96. Interrogative Pronouns: Employing "who," "what," "which," "whose," and "whom" correctly.97. Preposition Placement: Ensuring prepositions are positioned properly in sentences.98. Conjunction Usage: Choosing the appropriate coordinating or subordinating conjunction.99. Adverb Placement: Determining the correct placement of adverbs within a sentence.100. Adjective Order: Arranging multiple adjectives in the proper sequence.Mastering these 100 essential grammar fundamentals will provide middle school students with a strong foundation in English language skills. By understanding the rules and conventions governing parts of speech, sentence structures, punctuation, and more, students can improve their written and oral communication, as well as their reading comprehension. Continuous practice and reinforcement of these grammar principles will equip middle school students for success in their academic and professional pursuits.。
初中英语语法基础知识大全单选题100道及答案解析

初中英语语法基础知识大全单选题100道及答案解析1. —What's this in English?—It's ______ eraser.A. aB. anC. theD. /答案:B解析:eraser 是以元音音素开头的单词,不定冠词用an。
2. There ______ some books and a pen on the desk.A. isB. areC. beD. has答案:B解析:there be 句型遵循“就近原则”,books 是复数,所以用are。
3. —______ do you go to school?—By bike.A. WhatB. HowC. WhenD. Where答案:B解析:根据回答“By bike.”可知是询问方式,用How。
4. My father ______ TV every day.A. watchesB. watchC. watchingD. watched答案:A解析:every day 是一般现在时的时间状语,主语My father 是第三人称单数,动词用watches。
5. The boy ______ in the classroom just now.A. isn'tB. wasn'tC. weren'tD. aren't答案:B解析:just now 是一般过去时的时间状语,主语The boy 是单数,用wasn't。
6. Let's ______ basketball after school.A. playB. to playC. playingD. plays答案:A解析:let's 后接动词原形。
7. —Can you play the guitar?—______. But I can play the piano.A. Yes, I canB. No, I can'tC. Yes, I doD. No, I don't答案:B解析:根据回答“But I can play the piano.”可知不会弹吉他,用No, I can't。
初中英语语法有哪些重点?

初中英语语法有哪些重点?初中英语语法重点解析:从基础到进阶初中英语语法是学生英语学习的基础,掌握好这些语法知识,不仅能帮助理解和运用英语,也能为今后的英语学习打下良好的基础。
本文将从教育专家的角度,将初中英语语法重点进行解析,指导学生和家长更好地学习和掌握。
一、基础语法:1. 名词:可数名词和不可数名词:完全掌握名词的数,包括可数名词的单复数形式。
名词所有格:学习名词所有格的构成和使用,比如:John's book, the children's toys.名词的格:解释主格、宾格、所有格的概念和用法。
2. 代词:人称代词:完全掌握人称代词的种类和用法,包括主格、宾格、所有格。
指示代词:理解 this, that, these, those 的用法。
不定代词:学习 some, any, no, every 等不定代词的用法,以及与之相关的词组,例如:some of the, any with, none of the。
3. 形容词和副词:形容词的比较级和最高级:掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成和用法,以及一些特殊情况。
副词的比较级和最高级:学习副词比较级和最高级的构成和用法。
形容词和副词的顺序:掌握形容词和副词在句子中的顺序。
4. 动词:动词的时态:解释一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时等常见时态的用法。
动词的语态:掌握主动语态和被动语态的构成和用法。
动词的种类:了解动词的分类,例如实义动词、系动词、助动词等。
不规则动词:掌握最常见的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。
5. 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语:理解句子成分的概念和作用。
句子结构:掌握简单句、并列句、复合句的结构和用法。
二、进阶语法:1. 被动语态:被动语态的构成和用法:完全掌握各种时态的被动语态的构成方法。
被动语态的特殊情况:解释省略、介词的使用等特殊情况。
2. 非谓语动词:动词不定式:学习动词不定式的构成和用法,例如作主语、宾语、表语等。
初中英语语法知识点

初中英语语法知识点英语语法对于初中英语学习来说是至关重要的。
它就像是构建语言大厦的基石,只有掌握了扎实的语法知识,我们才能在英语学习的道路上稳步前进。
接下来,让我们一起探索初中英语中一些重要的语法知识点。
一、名词名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
1、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词有单数和复数形式。
例如:apple(苹果) apples(多个苹果);book(书) books(多本书)。
不可数名词没有复数形式,如 water(水)、rice(米饭)、information(信息)等。
2、名词的所有格表示有生命的名词,常在词尾加's 。
例如:Tom's book(汤姆的书)。
以 s 结尾的复数名词,在词尾加'。
例如:the students' desks(学生们的书桌)。
二、代词代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。
1、人称代词主格:I(我)、you(你/你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们/她们/它们)。
主格在句子中作主语。
宾格:me(我)、you(你/你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it (它)、us(我们)、them(他们/她们/它们)。
宾格在句子中作宾语。
2、物主代词形容词性物主代词:my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的/她们的/它们的)。
形容词性物主代词后面要接名词。
名词性物主代词:mine(我的)、yours(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的)。
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
三、动词动词是表示动作或状态的词。
1、动词的时态一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加 s 或 es 。
例如:He plays football every day (他每天踢足球。
初中英语知识点的基础语法与词汇总结

初中英语知识点的基础语法与词汇总结英语作为一门国际语言,在世界各地广泛使用。
学习英语的初中生们,了解基本的语法规则和掌握常用的词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为大家总结初中英语的基础语法和词汇,帮助大家巩固知识,提高英语水平。
一、基础语法知识点1. 名词:名词是指人、事物、地点、动物等事物的名称。
名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词只有单数形式。
例如:a book(一本书)、books(书)、milk(牛奶)2. 代词:代词是用来代替名词的词语,可以用来指代人、物、事物等。
例如:he(他)、she(她)、it(它)3. 冠词:冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。
定冠词用于特指,不定冠词用于泛指。
例如:the book(这本书)、a book(一本书)4. 副词:副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示程度、时间、地点等。
例如:quickly(快速地)、very(非常)5. 形容词:形容词用来描述名词的性质或特征。
例如:beautiful(美丽的)、big(大的)6. 动词:动词用来描述动作或状态。
例如:run(跑)、eat(吃)7. 时态:英语中的时态分为一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时等。
例如:I eat dinner at 7 o'clock.(我在7点吃晚饭。
)8. 句型:英语中常用的句型有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等。
例如:What time is it?(现在几点了?)二、基础词汇总结1. 数字:掌握数字对于学习英语非常重要,可以用于表示时间、年龄等。
例如:one(一)、ten(十)、twenty(二十)2. 学科词汇:学习不同学科需要掌握相应的词汇。
例如:math(数学)、science(科学)3. 家庭词汇:掌握家庭成员的称呼和描述。
例如:father(父亲)、sister(姐妹)4. 动物词汇:了解不同动物的英文名称。
例如:dog(狗)、cat(猫)5. 城市和国家:学习国际地理需要了解各个城市和国家的名称。
初中英语学习需要掌握哪些语法知识?

初中英语学习需要掌握哪些语法知识?初中阶段是英语学习的关键时期,打好语法基础尤为重要。
能够掌握基础扎实的语法知识,就能解决学生理解英语句子的结构,从而有效提升阅读理解、写作、听说等方面的表达能力,为未来学习更深层次的英语知识奠定坚实基础。
初中英语语法学习的重点内容比较多,包括:1.名词:名词的种类:可数名词、不可数名词、专有名词、集合名词。
名词的数:单数、复数形式。
名词所有格:'s的用法。
名词的格:主格、宾格、所有格。
2.代词:人称代词:主格、宾格、所有格。
指示代词:this, that, these, those。
不定代词:some, any, both, none, all, either, neither等。
反身代词:myself, yourself, himself等。
3.形容词:形容词的种类:性状形容词、数量形容词、方位形容词等。
形容词的比较级和最高级:比较级、最高级构成规则及不规则变化。
形容词的排列顺序:限定词、序数词、描绘词、大小词、形状词、年龄词、颜色词、国籍词、材料词。
4.副词:副词的种类:时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、方式副词等。
副词的用法:修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子。
副词的比较级和最高级:比较级、最高级构成规则及不规则变化。
5.动词:动词的种类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
动词的时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。
动词的语态:主动语态、被动语态。
动词的不定式:用法、组成。
动词的现在分词:用法、组成。
动词的过去分词:用法、组成。
6.句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
句子成分的识别和分析。
7.简单句:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
不同句型的结构和组成方法。
8.复合句:并列句:并列连词的使用。
宾语从句:引导词的选择。
定语从句:关系词的选择,关系代词和关系副词的用法。
状语从句:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句等,连接词的选择。
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初中英语语法基础知识大全 一、介词by的用法 1、 意为“在……旁”,“靠近”。 Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。Some are drawing by the lake。 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。 2、意为“不迟于”,“到……时为止”。 Your son will be all right by supper time。 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3、表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。 The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4、表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。 One by one they went past the table in the dark。 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5、表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。 What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6、和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。 I took him by the hand。 我拉住了他的手。 7、用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。 English is spoken by many people。 英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 二、动名词doing 动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 1、作主语 Fighting broke out between the South and the North。 南方与北方开战了。 2、作宾语 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗? 3、作表语 Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。 保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。 4、做定语 a washing machine 一台洗衣机 三、used to 的用法 used to 意为过去常常做某事。 1、肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。 否定句是didn’t use to…。 When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples。 当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果。 疑问形式是Did you use to…? Where did you use to live before you came here? 当你来这儿之前你住哪儿? 2、含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。
——He used to smoke, didn’t he? ——他过去常常吸烟,是吗? Yes, he did。/ No, he didn’t。 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。 四、被动语态 被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
1、各种时态的被动语态结构如下: 一般现在时的被动语态: 主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态: 主语+was / were +过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词 一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词 过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词 过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词 情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词 2、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。 Football is played widely all over the world。 全世界都广泛地踢足球。 (2)强调动作的承受者。 The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。 (3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。 It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。 据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。 3、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤 (1)把原句中的宾语变为主语 (2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词 (3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面;如果没必要,可省略。 五、虚拟语气 如果我们所说的不是事实,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气;而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。 请比较: (1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo。 如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。 在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句,在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once。 如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。 在这句话中,条件句“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示。
虚拟语气表示和现在的事实相反,从句用一般过时,主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
例如 : If I had time, I would go for a walk。 If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party。 If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank。 If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie。 注意:在虚拟语气的句子中,be动词只能用were,不能用was。 六、must/might/could/can't 1、must (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 如: You must stay here until I come back。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to 。 如: —Must I finish my homework? —No, you needn’t。 (2)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now。 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。 如: You mustn’t play with fire。 You mustn’t be late。 2、could (1)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。 如: He could write poems when he was 10。 (2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 如: Could you do me a favour? —Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can。(注意回答) 3、might might为may的过去式。might表示推测时,表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思),当请求讲时,比may的语气更委婉。
He is away from school。He might be sick。 Might I use your dictionary? 4、can (1)表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。 如:She can swim fast, but I can’t 。 (2)表示许可,常在口语中。 如:You can use my dictionary。 (3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。
如:—Can the news be true? —No, it can’t be our teacher。He is on a visit to the Great Wall。 七、定语从句 1、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
4、关系代词的用法 (1)that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。