英文实验报告的格式和写法.

英文实验报告的格式和写法【转】

2010-10-04 06:03

一份最标准的实验报告的格式：

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Method

4. Results

5. Discussion

6. Conclusion

7. Reference

分别来分享下近来学到的。。

Abstract

摘要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出来的要。

强烈建议整篇文章写完后再写摘要。

把文章每个部分选一些句子出来就可以拼凑成一个abstract了。

一个abstract 的模板：

1 一两句话说明这个实验的主要理论依据，或者实验需要证明的假说。

2 一两句话说一下这个理论或者假说的相关的研究。

3 两三句话描述一下实验

4 两三句话概括一下实验结果

5 一句话说一个结论，解释一下这个实验的意义或结果的重要性

转一个别人的example:

Does a child’s focus correlate with barometric pressure? if so, does it correlate positively or negatively? Tucker (1999) hypothesized a negative correlation, but this assertion has never been tested. Our team used the MISHA CPT to measure the focus of a group of 150 third-grade students. we divided the students into three groups of 50 students. one group took the MISHA CPT when barometric pressure was low, another group took it when barometric pressure was neutral, and the final group took it when barometric pressure was high. the results found that children focused significantly better when barometric pressure was low than when barometric pressure was neutral or high. the results suggest that when diagnosing ADHD, practitioners should give the CPT when barometric pressure is neutral.

Introduction

Introduction以实验目的为开头，解释一下这个实验需要证明的东西。具体实验目的视全篇实验报告长度而定，几段到几页都有的。

实验目的写完后介绍实验基本理论。介绍一下前人或者文献里的相近相关的实验，写一下他们的成果以及不到位的地方。（well, 如果是学校安排的每年都要

做的实验就写写类似相关实验的优劣吧），这部分注意写reference。

然后介绍一下实验过程。如果实验用了一些非常见的仪器，也可以在这个部分做一个简要介绍。

再转一篇我认为写得很好的Introduction example

Introduction

In this lab, we explore the theory of optimal foraging and the theory of central place foraging using beavers as the model animal. Foraging refers to the mammalian behavior associated with searching for food. The optimal foraging theory assumes that animals feed in a way that maximizes their net rate of energy intake per unit time (Pyke et al. 1977). An animal may either maximize its daily energy intake (energy maximizer) or minimize the time spent feeding (time minimizer) in order to meet minimum requirements. Herbivores commonly behave as energy maximizers (Belovsky 1986) and accomplish this maximizing behavior by choosing food that is of high quality and has low-search and low-handling time (Pyke et al. 1977).

The central place theory is used to describe animals that collect food and store it in a fixed location in their home range, the central place (Jenkins 1980). The factors associated with the optimal foraging theory also apply to the central place theory. The central place theory predicts that retrieval costs increase linearly with distance of the resource from the central place (Rockwood and Hubbell 1987). Central place feeders are very selective when choosing food that is far from the central place since they have to spend time and energy hauling it back to the storage site (Schoener 1979).

The main objective of this lab was to determine beaver (Castor canadensis) food selection based on tree species, size, and distance. Since beavers are energy maximizers (Jenkins 1980, Belovsky 1984) and central place feeders (McGinley and Whitam 1985), they make an excellent test animal for the optimal foraging theory. Beavers eat several kinds of herbaceous plants as well as the leaves, twigs, and bark of most species of woody plants that grow near water (Jenkins and Busher 1979). By examining the trees that are chewed or not-chewed in the beavers’ home range, an accurate assessment of food preferences among tree species may be gained (Jenkins 1975). The purpose of this lab was to learn about the optimal foraging theory. We wanted to know if beavers put the optimal foraging theory into action when selecting food.

We hypothesized that the beavers in this study will choose trees that are small in circumference and closest to the water. Since the energy yield of tree species may vary significantly, we also hypothesized that beavers will show a preference for some species of trees over others regardless of circumference size or distance from the central area. The optimal foraging theory and central place theory lead us to predict that beavers,