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关于英语报计划增加一个新专栏的英语作文
关于英语报计划增加一个新专栏的英语作文Title: Proposal to Add a New Column to the English NewspaperIntroduction:As the editor-in-chief of the English newspaper, I am writing to propose the addition of a new column to our publication. Our newspaper has always strived to provide our readers with informative and engaging content, covering a wide range of topics. However, we believe that by introducing a new column, we can offer our readers even more value and diversity in their reading experience.Proposal:The proposed new column would focus on showcasing different cultures from around the world. This column would feature articles, stories, and interviews that highlight the traditions, customs, cuisine, and lifestyle of various countries and regions. By sharing these insights with our readers, we aim to promote a better understanding and appreciation of different cultures, fostering a sense of global unity and diversity.Benefits:Adding this new column to our newspaper would bring several benefits. Firstly, it would allow our readers to broaden their knowledge and perspective on the world, exposing them to new ideas and experiences. Secondly, it would provide an opportunity for readers to learn about different cultures in a fun and engaging way, sparking their curiosity and interest in exploring the world. Lastly, by promoting cultural diversity and tolerance, the new column would contribute to creating a more inclusive and harmonious society.Implementation:To implement this new column, we would need to allocate resources for research, writing, and editing. We would also need to establish partnerships with experts, writers, and contributors from various cultural backgrounds to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the content. Additionally, we would need to promote the new column through our marketing and social media channels to reach a wider audience.Conclusion:In conclusion, I strongly believe that adding a new column dedicated to showcasing different cultures would enhance the quality and appeal of our newspaper. I hope that my proposal will be considered and approved, and I look forward to seeingthe positive impact it will have on our readers and community. Thank you for your attention and support.。
商务英语听说（第二版）参考答案u...
商务英语听说（第⼆版）参考答案u...商务英语听说(第⼆版)参考答案unit1-to-test-I--the-keys-o f--listening-practiceUnit1. Welcome and farewell.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B A D CDictation:1.Flight AF 463 to Paris is now boarding at Gate number 7.2.This is the final call for flight No. AZ 963 to Rome.3.I’d like to make a reservation for a flight to Boston on Nov. 28th.4.Do you have a single room available tomorrow night?5.I’m looking forward to our future cooperation.6.I’ll need an economy ticket with an open return.7.I’d like to have my laundry by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.8.Thank you for all your help during our stay here in China.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: B C B B D1.W: do you have anything particular to declare?M: No. I don’t think so. I haven’t got anything dutiable with me.Q: where does the conversation most probably take place?2. M: will you attend the Fair in Tianjin in two days?W: No. I’m leaving Tianjin for Shanghai tomorrow morning for a 3-day meeting, and will visit Guangzhou afterwards. Q: where is the man going tomorrow?3.W: your flight will be departing from Gate 18. the boarding time is 8:45 andyour flight leaves at 9:15, have a nice journey!M: thank you very much.Q: what time does the man’s flight depart?4.M: did you enjoy your flight?W: Not really, I was a little airsick when the plane experienced a few bumps.Q: how does the woman like her flight?5.W: room reservation, good afternoon.M: I’d like to book a double room for Tuesday next week.Q: what’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? Conversation:Meeting a foreign businessman at the airportMr. Wang: excuse me, sir, but are you Mr. Stone from New York?Mr. Stone: Yes, I am Michael Stone, the sales manager of ABC Import & Export Company, Ltd.Mr. Wang: I am Wang Qiang from Eastern Electronics Company. I’ve come to meet you, Mr. Stone.Mr. Stone: how are you, Mr. Wang? Thank you for coming to the airport to meet me.Mr. Wang: it’s my pleasure. How many people are there in your party?Mr. Stone: only two. This is Miss White, my assistant.Mr. Wang: nice to meet you, Miss White.Miss. White: nice to meet you too, Mr. Wang.Mr. Stone: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long, but the flight was delayed30 minutes. If it weren’t for the heavy fog, we would have been here by2:00 pm.Mr. Wang: never mind. I was stuck in traffic, too.Mr. Stone: where are we heading now?Mr. Wang: I guess you must be very tired after the long trip, so it is best if we go to your hotel to check in first. If you don’t mind, we’d like to accommodate you at Sheraton Hotel.Mr. Stone: terrific! That’s very considerate of you.(on the way)Mr. Stone: how far is it to the hotel?Mr. Wang: about 45 minutes. Is this your first time here in Tianjin, Mr. Stone? Mr. Stone: yes. We’ve never been here before. Mr. Wang: so you might as well have a look at the city along the way. And we’ll show you around the city after our business. Mr. Stone: that would be great! Thank you very much.Section A: B C B D APart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: Bon VoyageWang: it’s a shame that you can not stay in Beijing for a few more days, Mr. Knox!Knox: Yes, I’d like to, very much indeed. But I have to rush home and preside over the committee meeting. Anyhow, I really enjoyed every minute of my stay here, your warm reception, as well as your working enthusiasm have left me a deep and vivid impression and helped make my trip a productive one.Wang: it’s very kind of you to say so. Through beautiful negotiation we finally have all the disputes solved and the contract signed. I’m sure our initial transaction will pave the way for further cooperation between our two companies. We’ve been brought closer to each other by this transaction.It’s essential for us, or for a country, to strengthen economic contact with the outside world, isn’t it?Knox: I quite agree with you. In the long run, it makes sense for a nation to specialize in certain activities, producing the goods in which it has the most advantages and exchanging them for those in which it does not have the advantages. Wang: you seem to be an economist, Mr. Knox!Knox: you are to blame for it, Wang. If you hadn’t started this talk about a country’s…well, let’s drop this topic. Economist or not, I hope business between us will prosper. Then we’ll have more opportunities to meet each other. To tell you the truth, I find it very hard to say goodbye. I shall be missing you, Wang.Wang: me too, I shall be looking forward to your visit again.Knox: next time I come, I shall see more of the city. And I’ve got to try Beijing Roast Duck again, very impressive. But listen, are they announcing my flight? I’m afraid I have to board the plane now.Wang: Bon Voyage, Mr. Knox!Knox: Good-bye. Let’s keep in contact.Wang: Good-bye and take care.Section A: F F T T TUnit 2. Companies and Occupations.Part A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B A D C ADictation:1.Our market share in China has increased by 6%, accounting for 15%.2.How many sections come under the Production Department?3.We have 70330employees world-wide and sales of $19806 million.4.The world wide company has operations in more than 100 countries.5.Secretaries who receive visitors are called receptionists.6.Business hours usually start at 9 am. And finish at 5 pm., Monday to Friday.7.Most of our work consists of looking after the taxation and financial affairs.8.In the United States alone we have a turnover of over $1 billion annually. Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: D A D C B1.M: I’ve got a job offer in P&J Chemicals. Do you think I should take it?W: well, I’m not quite familiar with it. You’d better do some research on the internet.Q: what does the woman think of P&J Chemicals?2.W: I’d appreciate your professional opinion. Do you think that I should suethe company?M: not really. I think that we can settle this out of court.Q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?3.M: should I come for an interview?W: I’ll let you know in two weeks when I hear from the Personnel Department.Q: when should the man come for an interview?4.W: may I have a look around your company?M: sure, I’ll show you. This way please. The canteen is on the ground floor, the Personnel Department and the Sales are on the second floor. And you’ll find our biggest department on the third floor, which is the Production Department.Q: on which floor is the Sales Department?5. M: Good morning. I’m John Green from General Sales Company. I have anappointment with Mr. Smith of the Purchasing Department at tenW: Good morning. Mr. Smith’s office is on the third floor. You can take the lift around the corner.Q: which department does the woman work at?Conversation:McDonald’sTom: Where are we having lunch today?Mary: Since we are visiting another client at 1:30, I guess we’ll just grab sth at McDonald’s. what do you think?Tom: that’s pk with me. We don’t need to bother finding a place to eat, because you can find McDonal d’s everywhere. Bur do you know the history ofthe big M?Mary: not really, you seem to be an expert on that. Tell me some. Did a person named McDonald start it?Tom: yes, actually brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald opened their first restaurant in California in 1940.Mary: it has many restaurants around the world now.Tom: quite right. It’s one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world. The other is Coca Cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonal d’s today. McDonal d’s operates over 32000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide, employing more than 1.5 million people. It is growing with an average of 396 new restaurants to the system annually in the past five years.This means a new McDonal d’s will open somewhere in the world every single day.Mary: incredible! I wonder how much they make!Tom: sales across all of its company-owned and franchised restaurants totaled $56.9 billion in 2009. its revenues were of $22.7 billion and the netprofit amounts to $4.3 billion.Mary: very good business. Do you know when we had the first McDonal d’s in Beijing?Tom: if I’m not wrong. It was 1992. the date , yes, April 23. but actually McDonal d’s very first appearance in China was in Shenzhen on October 8, 1990.Mary: you seem to know everything! Did you work there?Tom: No, I just came across an article in the newspaper the other day!Part C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationConversation: a job interviewInterviewer: thank you for coming to see us, Emily. Have a seat please. Now, I’dlike to start by checking a few details with you.Emily: OKInterviewer: your resume says you worked in ABC Electronics, when did you join it?Emily: five years ago. It is a large international company, which provided a trainee program for people from university and, well that was my first job, trainee marketing manager.Interviewer: what exactly did you do?Emily: well, the program lasted 18 months. During that time I worked in different departments—in personnel, purchasing, marketing and such things. O also went out with the sales representatives to visit customers. Interviewer: did you enjoy it? Emily: yes, I did. I didn’t really know what I wanted to do when I left university, so it was god to see what the different departments did. I was really practical.Interviewer: it sounds interesting.Emily: yes, it was. But it was very badly paid. I did the same work as other people. I think a lot of the trainees feel they are a cheap source of labor. Interviewer: how long did you stay there?Emily: till the end of the trainee program. And then I saw a job vacancy in the marketing department of GM, and I applied for a job there. That’s whereI work now.Interviewer: but why do you want to leave now?Emily: I want sth more challenging. And I want a job closer to home, too. Interviewer: all right, and what career development are you looking for in our company?Unit 3. products and salesPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A B D C CDictation:1.we will allow you another 2% discount for its new product.2.the pants are available in four different colors and three sizes.3.our machine is of better quality though the price is a little higher.4.there is a close relationship between building a reputation and establishinggoodwill./doc/1c3915655.htmlpared with competing products, ours is smaller and lighter.6.we have a wide selection of shirts that will appeal to all ages.7.our company relies on quick sales and low profits.8.the sales reached a peak of 850 million in 2006, before falling to under 600million in 2008.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A B D A C1．W: Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper for the new product?M: by all means.Q: what does the man think of n ad in the newspaper?2．M: is it the latest model you have?W: Yes, this model is specially designed for personal cyclists. It’s got Italian frame and Japanese components.Q: what product are they talking about?3．W: In what newspapers, magazines or websites does your company advertise?M: we send brochures and samples to our potential customers. That’s more direct.Q: how does the man’s company advertise?4．M: any news from the annual conference?W: yes. The sales of this year are reported to be 120 million, increased by 20% compared with last year.Q: what were the sales last year?5. W: I’d like to get some information about your vacuum cleaner.M: OK. Unlike any other vacuum cleaner, ours is unique. It has some space age design features. Most importantly, there’s no bag inside.Q: what do we learn about the vacuum cleaner?Conversation:Section A: C B D A CSection A1.warranty2.selling price\3.yearly on-site maintenance service after one-year warranty period4.money-back guarantee5.free deliveryUnit 4. MarketingPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D A B BDictation:1.From what I’ve heard, you’re already well up in shipping work.2.I’m sorry to say that your price has soared.3.the next thing I’d like to bring up for discussion is insurance.4.it would be very difficult for us to push any sakes if we buy it at this price.5.we wish our opinions on marketing will be passed on to our manager.6.we sell our goods on loaded weight and not on landed weight.7.it’s too expensive, do you have any discount?8.we can effect shipment in December or early next year at the latest.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: A C D D B1.M: How many do you intend to order?W: I want to order 900 dozen.M: the most we can offer you at present is 600 dozen.Q: how many can the woman order?2.M: TV is much more effective to advertise our new product, but it will cost alot of money.W: it is worth doing so as long as the result is satisfactory.Q: what does the woman mean?3.W: could we use booklets, letters, and catalogues for direct mail advertising?M: Yes. But you should build up a mailing list of possible customers for direct mail advertising.Q: what should the woman do first?4.W: you are going to Chicago tomorrow, aren’t you?M: Yes. I thought I’d fly, but then I decided that taking a Greyhound bus would be cheaper than driving or flying. Q: how will the man get to Chicago?5. M: I intend to get in the American market, but we know little about the localconditions and preferences.W: market research can help.Q: what does the woman mean?Conversation:Section A: F T F T FSection B:1.advertising\promotional2.on television\in a national newspaper3.posters\point-of-sales displays4.experienced salespeople5.high\T-shirts\umbrellaPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.have very little knowledge\blaze a trial2.defend and compete against3.various kinds and in scorching competition4.keep good relations and co-operationsUnit 5. Business FairsPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: B D D C ADictation:1.I’m calling to inform you that we have decided to make the purchase.2.do you have any plans to sell in Europe?3.our company is ranked second in the business.4.we doubled our output in this department as a result.5.we could make a delivery of this parcel as soon as possible.6.we find our price 25% higher compared with other companies’.7.how much does she have to pay if she stays for 3 days?8.the new company can give him 2000 dollars a month as a start.Part B. Extensive listeningDialogues: C B D C D1. W: Do you think we should park the car downtown?M: it’s hard to find a place.Q: what does the man mean?2. M: if I place an order on this product, when can you deliver them?W: for these products, we can arrange shipment at once. It would take longer, say, three months, if you want to order special designs.Q: when can products of special design delivered?3. W: are you glad that you came to work in Washington?M: Yes. Indeed. I’d considered going to New York or Boston, but I’ve never regretted my decision.Q: where does the man live now?4. M: registration always takes so long.W: what bothers me is all the people who cut in line.Q: what bothers the woman?5. M: did you buy your car from that dealer in the city?W: he went out of business last week.Q: what does the woman mean about the car dealer?Conversation:Section A: B D C B CSection B:1.calling from\get some information2.vacant suites\conference hall3.the experts\get the VIP treatment4.the reservation form\by fax5. 1000 RMB Yuan or 120 US DollarsPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:1.china international agricultural machinery exhibition2.concerning agriculture\increase the farmers’ income\supporting policies andlaws/doc/1c3915655.html\0086-10-68596444Test IPart A. intensive listeningPhonetics: A C B C B D D A B CDictation:1.can you give me an account of your product?2.I want to take part in the exhibition in Miami.3.I know the factory is operating at full capacity.4.I suggest we ride the subway back to our hotel and rest for a while.5.my watch reads 11:30, so we have about 45 minutes to get there.6.have you filled in the Customs Declaration Form?7.we have to arrive at the airport one hour earlier.8.the company was established in 1990 and we have about 1500 employees now.9.our net profits were over 100 million US dollars last year.10.I think some of the items may find a ready market in our country.Part B. Extensive listening-----Dialogues: D B A A B1. W: Jack, have you finished your research paper for economics?M: not yet. I always seem to put things off until the last minute.Q: what are they talking about?2. M: this black bag is $ 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.W: the red one is twice as much as the blue one.Q: how much is the red bag?3. W: watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English.M: it’s especially helpful when you check out the same information in the newspaper.Q: what are they talking about?4. M: I like to travel by air. I like getting different places fast. Do you liketraveling by air?W: flying makes me nervous. I like feeling the ground under my feet. Traveling by rail and road are my favorite ways of traveling.Q: what does the woman feel about traveling by air?5. W: I’d like to cash this check.M: please sign the back. Do you have any account here?Q: what does the man ask the woman to do to cash money?Passage: D A B C BConversation: Leather products\leather garments\Europe\ FOB ShanghaiPart C. Listening & Speaking IntegrationSection A:Newspapers, magazines, online, E-mail, blog, Facebook, twitter and cinema advertising. Making counter displays for dealers to exhibit in their shops.。
s1外文文献
F orPe e r R e v i ewGenome-Wide Association Study of Eight Carcass Traits inJinghai Yellow Chicken using SLAF-seq TechnologyJournal: Poultry ScienceManuscript ID: DraftManuscript Type: Full-Length ArticleKey Words: Carcass traits, chicken, GWAS, SLAF-seqPoultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew Genome-Wide Association Study of Eight Carcass Traits in Jinghai Yellow1 Chicken using SLAF-seq Technology2ABSTRACT3 Carcass traits are the most important yield components in chicken (Gallus gallus ).4 Investigation of its carcass traits will help develop high-yield varieties in chicken. In order to5 identify the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes affecting carcass traits,6 a genome-wide study of the association of eight carcass traits was performed in four7 hundred43-week-old Jinghai Yellow chickens. The SNPs that significantly associated with the8 phenotypic traits were identified by simple general linear model (GLM) and compressed mixed9 linear models (MLM). A total of fifteen SNPs were found to be significantly associated with eight 10 traits and 12 functional genes at a threshold of P <1.87E-6in the region of 75.5–76.1Mb chr4. This 11 region had the most significant effects on carcass weight, foot weight, and wing weight. Another 12 84-kb region on GGA3 for eviscerated weight and semi-eviscerated weight was identified. In 13 summary, these identified genes and SNPs will offer essential information for cloning14 yield-related genes in chicken.15Key words16Carcass traits; chicken; GWAS; SLAF-seq17 18Page 1 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew Introduction19The increasing world population has resulted in a growing demand for meat products. To meet 20 this demand, the poultry industry has improved productivity rates mainly through genetic 21 improvement.22Carcass traits as the most important factors in the poultry industry decide the benefits of 23 industrialization. Remarkable advances on carcass traits have been achieved, and many relative 24 genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been found (Abasht et al. 2007; Atzmon et al . 2008; 25 Fang et al . 2010; Tang et al . 2010). Numerous QTL have been mapped for performance and 26 carcass traits in different chromosomes (Hu et al . 2013).In a previous study, Ambo et al . (2009) 27 mapped a QTL for chicken body weight at 35 and 42 days using microsatellite markers in 28 chromosome 4. In another study with the same population, Baron et al . (2011) mapped a QTL for 29 percentage of thighs and drumsticks in the same region of chromosome 4.However, the 30 application of these QTL results in broiler breeding remains impractical because of low mapping 31 precision. These measures are labor intensive and are some degree of aimlessness. Genome-wide 32 association studies (GWAS) are now used to search for single nucleotide proteins (SNPs) and 33 functional genes that affect quantitative traits. A GWAS need not assume that genes or QTLs are 34 associated with specific traits (Hardy et al . 2009). And more, it is used to examine traits and 35 genetic markers (Cho et al . 2009; Liu et al . 2008; McCarthy et al . 2008). However, population 36 size greatly affects GWAS accuracy.37High-throughput sequencing technologies can provide new strategies for sequence-based SNP 38 genotyping. Whole-genome resequencing strategies can be used to genotype large variations39Page 2 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew among samples (Lam et al . 2010; Rubin et al . 2010; Xia et al . 2009), but it remains cost 40 prohibitive in large populations. SLAF-seq is a new reduced representation sequencing technology 41 that uses bioinformatics methods to design a tag development plan and a screen-specific fragment 42 length to achieve mass labeling using high-throughput technologies that can adequatelyidentify 43 target species’ genome-wide information.44This study aimed to identify potential loci and candidate genes affecting carcass traits in 45 43-week-old Jinghai Yellow chickens using the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing 46 (SLAF-seq) (Sun et al . 2013). In this strategy repetitive sequences can be avoided by using 47 predesigned schemes. And the selected fragment number can be decided for personalized research 48 purposes to maintain the balance between marker density and population size. Reference genome 49 sequences and polymorphism information are not needed when this strategy used. In the present 50 work, 400 chickens from a conservation population of a Chinese local breed (Jinghai Yellow 51 chicken) were used in GWAS. A total of eight carcass traits were measured.52Material and method 53Experimental Animals54The animals used in this study were obtained from the Jinghai Yellow Chicken Breeding Station. 55 Four hundred females of the same batch from the same generation were randomly chosen. All had 56 complete genealogical records and were reared in stair-step caging under the same recommended 57 nutritional and environmental conditions. A total of eight carcass quality traits were measured for 58 the GWAS: carcass weight (CW), foot weight (FW), single wing weight (WW), single breast 59 muscle weight (BMW), single leg muscle weight (LMW), abdominal fat weight (AW), eviscerated60Page 3 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew weight (EW), and semi-eviscerated weight (SEW). After a 12-h fast the chicken were weighed and 61 slaughtered at d 300 by standard commercial procedures and the CW, FW, and WW values were 62 recorded. The adipose tissues surrounding the proven triculus and gizzard along with those located 63 around the cloacae were weighed as AW (Ain et al . 1996; Zhao et al . 2007). EW and SEW were 64 collected. The carcasses were dissected into deboned, skinless thighs and breasts for the 65 assessment of BMW and LMW.66SLAF-seq Technology Scheme Design67SLAF-seq was used to genotype a total of 400 individuals, as previously described (Qi et al .68 2014), with a few modifications. Genomic DNA (≥600 ng) from Jinghai Yellow chickens was 69 extracted from the blood samples using Dzup (Blood) Genomic DNA Isolation Reagent (Sangon 70 Biotech) and diluted to 50–100 µg/µL. DNA was incubated at 37°Cwith T4 DNA ligase (NEB), 71 0.6 U MseI (NewEnglandBiolabs, Hitchin, Herts, UK), A TP (NEB) and MseI adapters. 72 Restriction-ligation reactions were heat-inactivated at 65°C and then digested in an additional 73 reaction with the restriction enzymes HaeIII at 37°C. The PCR reactions contained the diluted 74 restriction-ligation samples, dNTP, Taq DNA polymerase (NEB), and an MseI primer containing a 75 barcode. The PCR products were purified using TaKaRa DNA Fragment Purification Kit Ver.2.0 76 and then pooled. The pooled sample was incubated at 37°C with MseI, T4 DNA ligase, A TP and 77 Solexa adapters. The samples were purified using a Quick Spin column (Qiagen) and then 78 separated on a 2% agarose gel to isolate the 500–800-bp fragments using a Gel Extraction Kit 79 (Qiagen). These fragments were used in a PCR amplification with Phusion Master Mix (NEB) and 80 Solexa. The Phusion PCR settings followed the Illumina sample preparation guide. The samples 81 were gel-purified and the products of appropriate sizes (300–500 bp) were excised and diluted for82Page 4 of 30Poultry ScienceF or P e e r R e v i ew sequencing using an IlluminaHiSeq TM 2000. Sequencing using theIlluminaHiSeq TM 2000 produced 83 primitive reads (double end sequence) that we evaluated and mapped using SOAP 2.20 software 84 (Lietal.2009)toassemblenewlyreferencedgenomes85 (Ensembl:ftp:///pub/release-75/fasta/gallus_gallus/dna/) to ensure that the original 86 sequencing data were effectively obtained. We chose the double-end sequences compared to the 87 only locus of the genome to do SLAF label employer. In line with the comparison error correction 88 result, we chose the group whose average depth of sequencing was not <4 to define the SLAF89 label.90Genotyping and Statistical Analysis91Plink (v1.07) (Purcell et al . 2007) was used to do quality control of the data. The SNPs with 92 low call frequency (<85%) and low minor allele frequency (<5%) were rejected. Finally, 400 93 samples and 90,030 SNPs that were distributed to 30 autosomes and Z chromosome were left for 94 GWAS analysis.95Based on the SNPs, we used ADMIXTURE 1.22 software (Alexander et al . 2009) to calculate 96 the sample’s groupstructure. We assumed that the 400-sample group number (Q value) was 1–15 97 for the cluster analysis and ensured the number of subgroups by the peak ∆Q value positions.98The SNPs that were significantly associated with the phenotypic traits were identified using a 99 TASSEL 3.0 general linear model (GLM, I) and a compressed mixed linear model (MLM, II) 100 (Zhang et al . 2010):101Y = µ + Xα +Qβ +e （1）102Y = µ + Xα +Qβ + Kµ′ +e （2）103Page 5 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew Where Y is the phenotypic value, µ is the fixed effect value vector, X is the genotype, Q is the 104 population structure matrix calculated by the ADMIXTURE program, the proportion of each of 105 the different groups was fitted as a covariate, β is the weight vector of each group, and K is the 106 relative kinship matrix. Xis considered the genotype matrix, while α is the weight vector of each 107 marker and e as the random error. The relative kinship matrix (K) was constructed from 15,719 108 independent SNPs using software SPAGeDi 1.3a (Ou et al . 2009). P values were corrected by 109 Bonferroni (Nicodemus et al . 2005). Here there were 90,030 SNPs and the threshold Bonferroni 110 Pvalue was obtained from the estimated number of independent SNP markers and linkage 111 disequilibrium (LD) blocks. Here the independent SNPs and LD blocks were calculated using the 112 equation r 2>0.4 by Plink v1.07 through all autosomal SNPs and pruned using the indep-pairwise 113 option with a window size of 25 SNPs, a step of five SNPs, and an r 2threshold of 0.4. There were 114 a total of 26,767 SNPs, so the threshold Bonferroni P value of potential significance was 115 3.73E-5(1/26767), and the threshold Bonferroni P value of genome-wide significance was 116 1.87E-6(0.05/26767). Quantile-quantile plots for each trait and Manhattan plots of genome-wide 117 association analyses were produced using software TASSEL 3.0(/).118Results119Analysis of SLAF-seq data and SLAF markers120After SLAF library construction and sequencing, a total of 52.70Gb of raw data, consisting of 121 paired-end reads was obtained with each read being ~80 bp in length after preprocessing. Among 122 them, 86.1% bases were of high-quality, with quality scores of at least 20 (means a quality score 123 of 20, indicating a 1% chance of an error, and thus 99% confidence). In total, 236.07 M reads were124Page 6 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew accuracy paired-ends mapping to chicken reference genome, which paired ends mapping ratio 125 were 71.66%. The numbers of SLAFs in chicken were 103,680, of which the average sequencing 126 depth was5.46 in the chicken. Among these data, 88,135 were polymorphic, giving a 127 polymorphism rate of 85.01%. The number of SLAF markers per chromosome ranged from 1 128 to19,722. The distribution of SLAF in the genome was well proportioned (Figure 1), and we then 129 detected the SNPs among the defined SLAF fragments. After quality control measures, 90,961 130 SNPs distributed among 29 chromosomes (including the Z chromosome) and the mitochondrial 131 genome (Table 1).The average physical distance between two neighboring SNPs was132 approximately 10 kb.133Association between polymorphisms and traits134We made the descriptive statistics of the phenotypic measurements of body composition traits 135 in the 400Jinghai Yellow chickens used for the present GWAS studies are given in Table 2.All 136 non-normal phenotypic data were normalized after Box-Cox or Johnson transformation. The 137 subgroups with a minimum ∆Q peak value were the best. The results indicated that a Q value of 138 10 is the lowest peak value (Figure 2A, B). Based on this result the samples were divided into 10 139 subgroups.140Two statistical methods, compressed mixed linear model (MLM) and generalized linear model 141 (GLM), were implemented to analyze association between SNPs and phenotypes. The results for 142 all SNPs demonstrated to have genome-wide significance (P < 1.87E-6) in GLM lower than the 143 suggested significance (P < 3.73E-5) in MLM. The MLM analysis considers more factors and is 144 stricter than the GLM. Emphasis is placed on the associations revealed by the compressed MLM145Page 7 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew analyses because population structure effect could be controlled and false positives. GLM and 146 MLM help to locate loci that are useful for breeding. This could be reduced with this approach, as 147 shown in Q-Q plots (Figure S1).148Loci and Genes for Body Composition Traits149Carcass weight (CW). One SNP genome-wide significantly associated with CW from GLM that 150 was located in GGA4 1.6kb downstream from the Gallus gallus fibroblast growth factor binding151 protein2 (FGFBP2) gene. The protein encoded by the FGFBP2gene recognizes DNA promoting 152 regions and induce transcription of FGFs. FGFs which induce myoblast proliferation and 153 differentiation of myocytes make important contributions for skeletal muscle development in 154 chickens (Gibby et al . 2009; Felicio et al . 2013). Previous study identified that QTL for body 155 weight, leg length, and leg diameter in GGA2, 4, and 26 in an F2 population of chickens 156 (Ankra-Badu et al . 2010). Another similar study identified a QTL in the GGA4 associated with 157 body weight, carcass weight, breast weight, leg weight, and wing weight (Nassar et al . 2013).Only 158 the locus of the FGFBP2 gene is of suggested significance on MLM analysis.159Foot weight (FW). In the case of FW, one interesting region 75.54–75.67 Mb in length was 160 identified related to FW. There were five significant SNPs of genome-wide significance on GLM 161 analysis. The five SNPs were all clustered in GGA4 within a 0.1-Mb region 162 (75,548,514–75,679,707bp) and located within or 2.1–7.7kb away from three genes, family with 163 sequence similarity 184 name as member B (F AM184B ), Gallus gallus quinoiddihydropteridine 164 reductase (QDPR ), and LIM-domainbinding factor 2(LDB2). On MLM analysis, three of the five 165 SNPs in GGA4 had a genome-wide significant association with FW. They were rs75548810,166Page 8 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er Re vi ew rs75641139, and rs75679707. Rs75548810 is 2.4kb upstream from the F AM184B gene, 167 rs75641139 is 5.7kb upstream from the QDPR gene, and rs75679707 is 7.7kb downstream from 168 the LDB2 gene. Sun also testified that the two genes were the important candidates that influence 169 shank circumference (Sun et al . 2013).Some studies have indicated that the F AM184B gene can 170 influence the daily gain, carcass weight, and ingestion of cattle (Lindholm-Perry et al . 2011). 171 Similar, this gene may have important influence on FW in chicken.172Single wing weight (WW). Four SNPs located on GGA4, GGA18, GGA20, and GGAZ with 173 genome-wide significance for WW were identified by GLM analysis (Table 3). In GGA18,the 174 SNP was located in Gallus gallus zinc finger protein 302 ZNF302). The second SNP was located 175 in GGA20, 1,276bp upstream from uncharacterized protein (PGO2). The third SNP was located in 176 GGAZ, 66.9kb downstream from the SMARCA2 gene. The last SNP in GGA4 was 5.7kb upstream 177 from QDPR . QDPR also had a genome-wide significant association with FW. All of the four SNPs 178 reached genome-wide significance on MLM analysis, and the only difference between the two 179 models was that the P value of MLM was slightly lower than that of GLM.180Single breast muscle weight (BMW) and single leg muscle weight (LMW). Associations 181 identified with the two traits indicate that some SNPs reached suggested significance in GLM 182 butcannot find SNPs reached genome-wide significance on GLM and MLM.183Eviscerated weight (EW). Three genome-wide significant SNPs associated with EW were 184 identified, and all were located in GGA3 on GLM clustered within an 84-kb region. They were 185 located in TULP4, 29kp upstream from the transmembrane protein181 gene (TMEM181). On 186 MLM, the three SNPs were of suggested significance. The TULP4 gene belongs to the tubby187Page 9 of 30Poultry ScienceF or Pe er R e vi ew protein family, which seem to serve as bipartite bridges through their phosphoinositide-binding 188 tubby (Mukhopadhyay et al . 2011). This family has unique amino-terminal functional domains 189 that coordinate multiple signaling pathways, including ciliary G-protein-coupled receptor 190 trafficking and Shh signaling (Mukhopadhyay et al . 2011). Another study also found statistical 191 evidence that TULP4 was a new candidate gene for cleft palate (Vieira et al . 2013). TMEM181 192 belongs to the TMEM family of proteins that encode transmembrane proteins. However, there are 193 no related reports on the TMEM181 gene.194Semi-eviscerated weight (SEW). No SNP reached genome-wide significance on GLM or MLM, 195 yet the three SNPs associated with EW reached genome-wide significance on GLM. This may be 196 because the two traits have some degree of relevance. Another SNP in GGA4 reached the 197 suggested significance level on MLM and was 1,614bp downstream from FGFBP2. This SNP was 198 also associated with CW and they share the same SNP.199Abdominal fat weight (AW).Three SNPs were of genome-wide significance on GGA2 and 200 GGA14 by GLM. One of the two SNPs on GGA2 was 16kb downstream from the Gallus gallus 201 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1) gene, while the other SNP on GGA2 had no 202 annotated genes nearby. The SNP on GGA14 was in an uncharacterized protein (novel gene). On 203 MLM, one SNP on GGA14 and another SNP on GGA5 reached suggested significance. The SNP 204 on GGA5 was in the cell growth regulator with ring finger domain 1(CGRRF1) gene. The 205 Manhattan plots for all the traits with significant SNP are shown in figure 3.206A heatmap (Figure S2) of the eight traits in this analyses show high co line among these traits 207 except AW. These results show that several SNPs were simultaneously associated with several208F or Pe er Re vi ew traits. As shown in Tables 2, the SNPs with genome-wide and suggested significance for eight 209 carcass traits on GLM and MLM analysis.210 Discussion211Genome-wide Association Analysis212The GWAS studies were commonly used to identify economically important production traits in 213 animal studies (Fan et al . 2011; Jiang et al . 2010; Shen et al . 2012). For quantitative traits,214 SLAF-seq technology developed large amounts specific markers with high success rate and low 215 cost (Sun et al . 2013). In the present study, a GWAS analysis between SLAF-SNPs and 216 quantitative traits was evaluated. Here we identified potential loci and candidate genes using 217 SLAF-seq in a conservation population of Jinghai Yellow chicken, the first new chicken varieties 218 authorized by the national commission on livestock and poultry resources in China (Zhao et al . 219 2011; Gu et al . 2011). Regarding statistical methods, we used the TASSEL compressed MLM and 220 GLM to analyze the association between SNPs and phenotypes. The MLM analysis considers 221 more factors and is stricter than GLM. However, MLM analysis may have a certain degree of false 222 negatives, which results in missing some useful SNPs. The two models contrast and complement 223 each other to help us find loci that are really useful for breeding. Most of the traits tested showed 224 considerable ranges between maximal and minimal values (Table 2). It would be expected in a 225 population being maintained for the conservation of genetic diversity. This variability could be 226 increase the power of the GWAS.227Loci and Genes for Traits Related to Body Composition228For CW, one SNP associated the FGFBP2 gene that plays an important role in embryogenesis,229F or Pe er Re vi ew cellular differentiation, and proliferation in chickens. The SNP g.651G>A in FGFBP2 was 230 associated with thawing loss and meat redness (P < 0.05) (Felicio et al. 2013).The present study 231 identified SNPs in FGFBP2 genes located in a QTL region, which corroborates the former reports 232 (Ankra-Badu et al . 2010; Nassar et al . 2013). FGFBP2 gene in the region can influence carcass 233 quality and muscle development.234For FM, the LDB2 and QDPR genes are significantly correlated with Beijing You chicken 235 growth traits (Gu et al . 2011). FW also has a positive correlation to BW, and shank circumference 236 has a direct influence on FW, further suggesting that these two genes are very important candidate 237 genes that influence the Jinghai Yellow chicken FW trait.238For WW, there are four genes ZNF302, PGO2, QDPR, and SMARCA2.ZNF302 belonging to 239 the zinc finger protein family. This protein family is responded to genital malformations 240 (hypospadias) in male Homo sapiens (human) (Gana et al . 2012). QDPR has proven significant 241 correlations with growth, shank circumference, and FW traits as described above. As such, these 242 three genes can serve as new candidate genes for further WW research. Gene 243 Smarca2encodedcomplex ORFs by yielding multiple mRNA variants. This complex alternative 244 splicing of this gene suggest that its functions may be very complex, not just simply inhibiting cell 245 proliferation (Yang et al . 2011).To our knowledge, there have not any reports of the PGO2 gene 246 function until now.247No identified SNP significantly associated with BMW and LMW traits on both GLM and 248 MLM in Jinghai Yellow chicken. These results support that the notion of complexity in the genetic 249 basis underlying BMW and LMW might be influenced by epigenetic factors. For SEW, it shares a250F or Pe er Re vi ew consistent region with EW that has a P value that is slightly higher than 3.73E-5. The result proves 251 the correlation between the two traits and the validity of our result.252As for AW, the two genes are TRDMT1 and CGRRF1. Some studies indicated that TRNM1 253 the smallest mammalian DNA methyltransferase participated in the recognition of DNA damage, 254 DNA recombination, and mutation repair. It also catalyzed DNA methylation at the 5-position of 255 cytosine and is the predominant epigenetic modification in mammals (Subramaniam et al . 2014). 256 In rats, CGRRF1 was bound up with obesity and obesity-associated endometrial cancer. CGRRF1 257 represents a novel, reproducible tissue marker of metformin response in the obese endometrium. 258 Furthermore, CGRRF1 expression may prove clinically useful in the prevention or treatment of 259 endometrial cancer (Zhang et al . 2014).260Relevant SNP association identified by cluster analysis261Heatmap can be useful for performing relevant SNP association analysis. Seven traits in this 262 analyses show obvious association together. The significant results observed in this population 263 showed that 13 genes located in QTL regions. These results can represent possible candidate genes 264 in poultry breeding programs. These results can help to marker-assisted selection for traits of 265 carcass weight, foot weight, single wing weight, single breast muscle weight, single leg muscle 266 weight, abdominal fat weight, eviscerated weight, and semi-eviscerated weight, which these traits 267 are of paramount importance to the poultry industry.268269F or Pe er Re vi ew270 Reference271Abasht, B., and Lamont, S.J. 2007. Genome-wide association analysis reveals cryptic alleles as an272 important factor in heterosis for fatness in chicken F 2 population. Anim Genet . 38(5): 273 491-498.274 Ain Baziz, H., Geraert, P. A., Padilha, J. C. F., and GUILLAUMIN, S. 1996. Chronic heat275 exposure enhances fat deposition and modifies muscle and fat partition in broiler carcasses. 276 Poult Sci . 75(4): 505-13.277 Alexander, D.H., Novembre, J., and Lange, K. 2009. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in278 unrelated individuals. Genome Res . 19(9): 1655-64.279 Ambo, M., Moura, A.S., Ledur, M.C., Pinto, L.F., Baron, E.E., Ruy, D.C., Nones, K., Campos,280 R.L., Boschiero, C., Burt, D.W., and Coutinho, L.L. 2009. Quantitative trait loci for 281 performance traits in a broiler x layer cross. Anim Genet . 40(2): 200-208.282 Ankra-Badu, G.A., Shriner, D., Le Bihan-Duval, E., Mignon-Grasteau, S., Pitel, F., Beaumont, C.,283 Duclos, M.J., Simon, J., Porter, T.E., Vignal, A., Cogburn, L.A., Allison, D.B., Yi, N., and 284 Aggrey, S.E. 2010. Mapping main, epistatic and sex-specific QTL for body composition in a 285 chicken population divergently selected for low or high growth rate. BMC Genomics. 11: 286 107.287 Atzmon, G., Blum, S., Feldman, M., Cahaner, A., Lavi, U., Hillel, J. 2008. QTLs detected in a288 multigenerational resource chicken population. J Hered . 99(5): 528-38.289F or Pe er Re vi ew Baron, E.E., Moura, A.S., Ledur, M.C., Pinto, L.F., Boschiero, C., Ruy, D.C., Nones, K., Zanella,290 E.L., Rosário, M.F., Burt, D.W., Coutinho, L.L. 2011. QTL for percentage of carcass and 291 carcass parts in a broiler x layer cross. Anim Genet . 42(2): 117-24.292 Cho, Y.S., et al., 2009. A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations293 uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits. Nat Genet . 41(5): p. 527-34. 294 Fan, B., Go, M.J., Kim, Y.J et al., 2011. Genome-wide association study identifies Loci for body295 composition and structural soundness traits in pigs. PLoS One . 6(2): p. e14726.296 Fang, M., Nie, Q., Luo, C., Zhang, D., and Zhang, X. 2010. Associations of GHSR gene297 polymorphisms with chicken growth and carcass traits. Mol Biol Rep . 37(1): 423-428. 298 Felicio, A.M., Boschiero, C., Balieiro, J.C., Ledur, M.C., Ferraz, J.B., Moura, A.S., and Coutinho,299 L.L. 2013. Polymorphisms in FGFBP1 and FGFBP2 genes associated with carcass and meat 300 quality traits in chickens. Genet Mol Res . 12(1): 208-222.301 Gana, S., Veggiotti, P., Sciacca, G., Fedeli, C., Bersano, A., Micieli, G., Maghnie, M., Ciccone, R.,302 Rossi, E., Plunkett, K., Bi, W., Sutton, V.R., and Zuffardi, O. 2012. 19q13.11 cryptic deletion: 303 description of two new cases and indication for a role of WTIP haploinsufficiency in 304 hypospadias. Eur J Hum Genet . 20(8): 852-856.305 Gibby, K.A., McDonnell, K., Schmidt, M.O., and Wellstein, A. 2009. A distinct role for secreted306 fibroblast growth factor-binding proteins in development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 106(21): 307 p. 8585-90.308 Gu, X., Feng, C., Ma, L., Song, C., Wang, Y., Da, Y., Li, H., Chen, K., Ye, S., Ge, C., Hu, X., and309 Li, N. 2011. Genome-wide association study of body weight in chicken F2 resource 310 population. PLoS One . 6(7): e21872.311。
2023年高考押题预测卷02(新高考Ⅰ卷)-英语(全解全析)
2023年高考押题预测卷02【新高考I卷】英语·全解全析1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10B AC C B B C A B C11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20A A C AB BC A A B21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30B DCD A C B D A D31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40B D AC B C A E G F41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50A CB D A AC BD B51 52 53 54 55A B C D C1-5 BACCB 6-10 BCABC 11-15 AACAB 16-20 BCAAB第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)A【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了香港科学博物馆以及它的开放时间等具体信息。
【21题详解】推理判断题。
根据第一段“You might really like this museum if you are interested in science.Hong Kong Science Museum wants to teach kids science and give them a place to have fun with computers. Kids like running around and playing with the equipment there. However,a dults can learn some knowledge, too.”（如果你对科学感兴趣，你可能真的会喜欢这个博物馆。
香港科学博物馆想教孩子们科学，给他们一个玩电脑的地方。
孩子们喜欢在那里跑来跑去玩设备。
然而，成年人也可以学到一些知识。
）故可推知，我们可以从文章中推断出，大人和小孩都可以在科学馆学到东西。
杂志投稿类英语作文模板
杂志投稿类英语作文模板英文回答：Cover Letter for Magazine Article Submission。
Dear [Editor's name],。
I am writing to submit my article, titled "[Article title]," for consideration for publication in your esteemed magazine, [Magazine name]. I believe that my article would be a valuable addition to your readership due to its timely and relevant topic, its rigorous research, and its clear and engaging prose.My article investigates the burgeoning field ofartificial intelligence (AI) and its potential implications for the future of work. I explore how AI is automating tasks and creating new ones, and I assess its impact on job displacement and wage inequality. I also discuss theethical considerations that arise from the use of AI inhiring, firing, and compensation decisions.To conduct my research, I interviewed experts in AI, economics, and labor law. I also conducted a comprehensive review of academic literature and industry reports. I have strived to present a balanced and nuanced perspective, acknowledging both the potential benefits and risks of AI.I believe that my article is suitable for publication in [Magazine name] because it aligns with the magazine's focus on technology and its impact on society. My writing style is clear, concise, and engaging, and I am confident that I can cater to your audience's interests and knowledge level.I am eager to share my research and insights with your readers. I am available to answer any questions you may have regarding my article or its suitability for publication.Thank you for your time and consideration.Sincerely,。
ASME BPVC 2013版关键改动部分
ASME BPVC-2013 – "Information about the Key Changes"ASME BPVC-2013 主要修正部分The following information has been supplied by ASME to help understand the changes to the new BPVC 2013 due to be released in July 2013.以下信息由美国机械工程师学会（ASME）提供，以帮助大家了解2013年7月发布的新版标准中的改动：（我们在其中设置了一些测试题目，请大家根据自己现有的知识和理解来选择并回复，先不急着查字典。
我们稍后提供正确答案。
）Section I: 第一卷Part PR, Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Rivets; Mandatory Appendix V, Additional Rules for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting; including Nonmandatory Appendices A-1 through A-6, Efficiency of Riveted Joints; and Nonmandatory Appendix A-75, Computations of Typical Nozzle Fittings Attached by Rivets.PR部分，铆钉制造的锅炉的要求：强制性附录V，铆接锅炉的额外规则，包括非强制性附录A-1 至A-6，铆接件的适应性效率；非强制性附录A-75，典型的铆钉连接的接管配件的计算。
Mandatory appendix added to address establishing governing Code edition and addenda for new construction and for parts. Manufacturer's Data Reports are revised to provide for reporting the governing edition and addenda.添加了强制性附录来提出建立新工程和零件的管理规范版本和增补。
电脑互动音乐应用於教学-以儿童数字跳格游戏为例
電腦互動音樂應用於教學 – 以兒童數字跳格遊戲為例The Application of the Interactive Computer Music for Teaching: an Example of the“Potsy” Game for KidsTzeng, Shing-Kwei1曾興魁1, Huang, Chih-Fang2黃志方2, Tsai, Pao-Te3蔡寶德3,Professor, Department of Information Communications, Kainan University開南大學資訊傳播學系教授11地址：33857桃園縣蘆竹鄉開南路1號開南大學資訊傳播學系,tzeng@.twtzeng@.twAssistant Professor, Sound and Music Innovative Technology Master Program, and Music Institute, National Chiao Tung University2 國立交通大學聲音與音樂創意科技碩士學程與音樂研究所助理教授2Assistant Researcher, Computer Science Institute, National Hsin Chu University of Education國立新竹教育大學資訊科學研究所研究生33通訊聯絡：黃志方通訊地址：30010 新竹市大學路1001號國立交通大學音樂研究所jeffh@.twABSTRACTThis article is mainly focused on the research and discussion of the application on the children’s well-know edutainment via the physical interactive design, which is a new type experiment for the technology aided edutainment. The “potsy game for kids” involves the sound samples of various animals and the characters of cartoon, via the development of the music technology based interactive game, to gradually make the children perceive the world of digits and sound, and guide the growing children’s personality and character from disorder into clarity. In addition, the traditional teaching model can be improved via the implementation of the electrical sensing devices, electrical I/O module, and the computer music program Max/MSP, to integrate the interactive computer music with the immersive “soundscapes” composition, and the teaching tool with educational gaming is completely accomplished accordingly.KEYWORDSmusic technology based interactive game, computer music program Max/MSP, interactive computer music. 論文摘要本文主要透過物理互動設計的方式應用在一般兒童均熟悉的教育遊戲上並作一研究與探討，是一項新型的科技輔助教育遊戲實驗。
商务英语阅读文章短篇阅读欣赏
商务英语阅读⽂章短篇阅读欣赏 多阅读⼀些短篇的英语美⽂，对于我们英语阅读能⼒的提⾼会有所帮助，今天店铺在这⾥为⼤家分享⼀些商务英语阅读⽂章，希望⼤家会喜欢这些英语阅读素材! 商务英语阅读⽂章篇1 8 Golden Rules for Businessmen While starting out on a business endeavour, following a set of rules is crucial for finding success. Without proper rules a business can go spiralling down and without taking too long at it. Following are golden rules that will ensure your success in business. Map it out Map where you want to head. Plant goals and results all across that mental map and keep checking it off once you start achieving them one by one. Care for your people People are your biggest asset. They are the ones who will drive your business to the top. Treat them well and they will treat you well, too. Aim for greatness Build a great company. Build great services or products. Instil a fun culture at your workplace. Inspire innovation. Inspire your people to keep coming with great ideas, because great ideas bring great changes. Be wary Keep a close eye on the people who you partner with. It doesn’t mean you have to be sceptical of them. But you shouldn’t naively believe everything you hear. Be smart and keep your eyes and ears open all the time. Commit and stick to it Once you make a decision, commit to it and follow through. Give it your all. If for some reason that decision doesn’t work, retract, go back to the drawing board and pick an alternate route. In business, you will have to make lots of sacrifices. Be prepared for that. It will all be worth it in the end. Be proactive Be proactive. Just having goals and not doing anything about them will not get you anywhere. If you don’t act, you will not get the results you’re looking for. Perfect timing Anticipation is the key to succeed in business. You should have the skills to anticipate changes in the market place and, the changing consumer preferences. You have to keep a tab on all this. Never rest on your past laurels and always look to inject newness into your business processes. Not giving up That’s the difference between those who succeed and those who don’t. As a businessman you should never give up, no matter what the circumstance. Keep on persevering. You will succeed sooner or later. The key is to never quit trying. Follow these rules and you'll find yourself scaling up the ladder of succcess. 商务英语阅读⽂章篇2 How to Start Making Money on Your Own Terms “Riches come, if they come at all, in response to definite demands, based upon the application of definite principles, and not by chance or luck.” - Napoleon Hill Making millions of dollars would be great – but right now, you’re more concerned about payingyour cable bill so that you don’t have to steal Wi-Fi from Starbucks in order to write your new blog post. Landing on the New York Times Bestsellers list would be stupendous—but right now you’re just trying to find an hour to write amidst working to support yourself and doing the damn dishes and all of those other responsibilities that get in your way. Yes, having it all – “the babe, the boat, the bucks” as Danielle LaPorte () so bluntly puts it—is ideal. But right now, you’re just trying to make ends meet. If only you could make enough money to live off of, you could quit your job and focus. But right now, that seems totally unrealistic. A pipedream. One: Exactly How Much Money Do You Need? “Fix in your mind the exact amount of money you desire. It is not sufficient merely to say ‘I want plenty of money.’ Be definite as to the amount.” - Napoleon Hill Want to make enough money to support yourself? Tell me, how much do you need? You don’t need to think about how much money you need for the rest of your days on planet Earth. That’s ridiculous. How could you possibly predict what you’ll want in 15 years? Instead, reel in your ambitions and make a plan for one year from now. To get crystal clear, ask yourself the following questions: In one year, what does your life look like? (Write as much detail as possible the place you live, how often you go out to eat, what you do on the weekends). How much money will it cost for you to live reasonably? That’s it. In order to figure out your monthly expenses, try Tim Ferriss’ Monthly Expense Calculator. Then, once you have an exact figure… Two: Decide what you’ll exchange for the cash. If you want the money, you’ll have to exchange something for it. To figure out what to exchange for money, ask yourself the following questions: What are my strengths + skills? What types of products + services can I provide? What will people actually pay for? Not sure what you’re good at? Here is a Skills + Strengths worksheet that I created. Don’t get bogged down trying to find your one-true-love. Once you’ve come up with 10 ideas, start testing them immediately. You’ll find your passion eventually, but doing so requires action. Do your research. Ask people what they’d pay you to do. Test your new service on them for free first. Don’t think you have what it takes? Hmm… I think this article titled “How to Really Start a Business” will make you think twice. Three: Plan and take Action! Once you’ve stumbled on a workable idea? Set some concrete goals, kid. I’ve personally just created my own concrete plan called “Project Moolah”. Break it up into chunks. If your plan is to start earning $1,000 a month by this time next year, you’ll want to figure out how much money you’ll need to rake-in every few months until then. When you have a plan, you’ll have motivation on the not-so-inspired days. When you have a plan, you’ll know what steps to take every day. When you have a plan, you reach your goals. Making money is hard work, and I guarantee that you’ll have to make some uncomfortable phone calls. But if you want a great life, you have to do great things. You can see my Project Moolah breakdown here. Does the thought of starting your own business have you feeling totally overwhelmed? You don’t have to use the word business just yet! Think of it this way: you are on a journey to create financial freedom.You’re breaking through the barriers of mediocrity. You’re starting the life that you’re supposed to be living. Bombs away! 商务英语阅读⽂章篇3 Why Startups Should Invent The Next Hot Sauce, Not The Next Instagram It would be foolish to think that anyone could create a pepper sauce as popular as "that famous sauce Mr. McIlhenny makes." For over 140 years, Original Tabasco brand pepper sauce has been made and distributed by the ancestors of its creator, Edmund McIlhenny. Very little has changed since its creation when they sold bottles wholesale to grocers for $1 a bottle. The rush by investors to find the next great tech startup is only a bit slower than the rush of entrepreneurs to try to build the next great tech startup. Success of a startup is graded in months and millions; companies that receive too much, do too little, sell for too low, or take too long to get there are considered failures. While the dream of following in Instagram's footsteps may be honorable and nobody wants to tell anyone that they can't do something (that would be politically incorrect and nearly criminal if told to a minor), there seems to be thousands of companies trying for the get-rich-quick startup strategy and very few (none that I know of, in fact) that are truly playing the game for the long term. There is a shortage of Edmund McIlhennys in Silicon Valley today. That needs to change. Here are some things that would-be (or current) entrepreneurs can learn from Tabasco sauce. Build Something That Will Last Silicon Valley is notorious for flash companies. No, I don't mean Adobe developers. Flash companies are those that take an idea, launch it quickly, get a round or two of funding, then try to sell it to Facebook, Google, Apple, Microsoft, or any of the other players in the tech world. They want to build something as quickly as possible, pawn it off as innovation, and turn it for a huge return. They are often based on ideas that have no chance of lasting, but that doesn't stop investors from pouring money into them. It isn't that the investors are dumb. The investors are smart enough to know that many of the big tech companies are gullible. They aren't looking for something that will last. They aren't even looking for something that will work. They're only looking for something that will sell. A quick scan of the portfolio of companies that Google or Yahoo have bought over the last decade will show a list that is hit or miss; many no longer exist. Startups that build on ideas that truly innovate or create something special for the future that can stand the test of time may not be able to get the billion-dollar paycheck by 2013, but they do have an opportunity to make a lot more money in the long run. More importantly, owning their success and keeping a buyout as an option rather than a goal can make a company more inherently valuable. Build Something Based on Your Passions McIlhenney may have been a banker, but his passion was with peppers. Seriously. He enjoyed the flavor of his own creation with a passion, and it showed in his product. When Pownce first hit the scene, Twitter was already growing but wasn't nearly in the realm of mainstream recognition. Pownce cofounder Kevin Rose loved the concept and decided to build a better version. He did--for all intents and purposes Pownce was superior to Twitter. The problem was that most people, including Rose, didn't like it as much. Rose admitted that he liked being able to share files on Pownce but for true microblogging and lifestreaming he preferred Twitter. It was no shock that a few months after making the declaration, Pownce was purchased and subsequently shuttered completely. If you don't believe in your product, others won't, either. Love your product. If you're building something because you think it will sell and have no passion for it, you'll have a hard time making Instagram-level money from it. Build Something That Doesn't Rely on Other Companies There is nothing more disheartening in the tech world than to become reliant on another company that makes a change. Mahalo was famously dependent on the traffic it received from Google to be able to make money. When Google launched its Panda algorithm update in February 2011, Mahalo and othercompanies were forced to make tough choices, releasing much of their staff as a result of Google's change. It's one thing to build an app on iOS. There is a symbiotic relationship between app developers and Apple that makes the success of one feed off the success of the other. In Mahalo's case, Google got nothing from it. In fact, the Panda update was designed to purge the search engine of unwanted content like that of Mahalo. If Google's getting nothing out of it, they have no incentive to keep the traffic faucet turned on. Startups that rely entirely on Facebook, Google, or any other company to keep their products relevant must either make sure the relationship is mutual or figure out a Plan B if changes happen that are unfavorable. AOL, despite all of the mistakes that they've made over the last decade, is still hanging in there as a relevant company because they diversified. They learned the lessons of the early days when they bet too heavily on the reliance of dial-up Internet connections. Today's AOL may still be struggling, but their struggles are spread over a wider footprint and there are more chances for success based sheerly on their bets being hedged. It's not a perfect formula, but it's one that's keeping them from going the way of Netscape or MySpace. For now. Build Something People Will Want Forever If They Try It Once Addiction is a powerful thing. Tabasco hasn't had to change much over the last 140 years because they found something that people wanted. They found something that people would want to buy at the store, to enjoy at restaurants, and to advocate for to their friends and family. Facebook is the current-day example of an addictive product that compounded upon itself. People liked using it so they encouraged more of their friends and family to join so they could enjoy it even more. They turned their users into status-update-drug-dealers, playing off of their strengths to get their users actively involved in the company's growth. Pinterest is quickly becoming the addiction du jour. They hook their users and they do not rely on other companies as the key to their success. On the contrary, their connections to Facebook and Twitter act only to enhance their product. If they were shut off today by either or both, they would still be able to keep up what they're doing. Build Something Of all the startup ideas that I hear about in today's dreamy Silicon Valley world, the ones that make the least sense are the ones that require no building. It's as if it's a perceived benefit to have something that requires very little coding, developing, or programming. Nothing could be further than the truth. Tabasco is aged for 3 years before it makes it to the bottle. It's not something that Joe Blow rich investor can duplicate. That's not to say that in the tech startup world entrepreneurs should be building something for 3 years before releasing it. Any project that starts today and plans to launch in 3 years will be shifted, pivoted, scrapped, and replaced 15 times during the period. Come up with an idea, work through it with people who know about the subject in question, then find a good person or team of people to make something special. Build something. Ideas are cheaper than a dime a dozen. While some of these turn out to be made of gold, there's a winning idea for every ten thousand lousy ideas, and not all winning ideas will ever see the light of investment capital. If it's something that made to last, that is built on your passions, that relies on no other companies, and that will hook people from the start, then it's something worth building. Build it.。
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Now in its 31st year as a leading periodical in the field, this rapid communication journal provides the fastest, most efficient transmittal of recent advances in all areas of analytical chemistry. Presenting short papers, original ideas, observations, and important analytical discoveries, this established international journal fulfills a critical need by furnishing scientists with new results to apply in their own research in the briefest time possible. Meeting the critical demand for relevant, state-of-the-art findings applicable in contemporary laboratory efforts! Featuring an improved, easier-to-read format, Analytical Letters ensures the most thorough coverage of significant developments and new research in analytical biochemistry analytical chemistry chemical and biosensors chemometrics/data handling clinical chemistry electrochemistry environmental analysis forensic and toxicological analyses pharmaceutical analysis separations spectroscopy and much more! 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Authors must proofread the copyedited content for accuracy, respond to copyeditor queries, and returned within 48 hours of receipt.Offprints/Reprints. Each corresponding author of an article will receive a PDF file of the article via email. This file is for personal use only and may not be copied and disseminated in any form without prior written permission from Taylor and Francis Group, LLCRunning headDetermination of 5 Organotins in Wine by GC-MSThe financial support of this study from the Natural Science Foundation of China (20965005), the Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology in Nanchang University (SKLF-TS-200918), the Objectives-oriented Project for the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology in Nanchang University (SKLF-MB-201002), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Jiangxi Province (2008BB22400) is gratefully acknowledged.。
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