基础医学英语课文翻译

基础医学英语课文翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

【Chapter 1】

The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane— as with the hinge joint of the elbow— or movement around a single axis—as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate.

顱骨不能運動,是由於骨與骨之間的連接太過緊密.但其他的關節可允許活動,如一個平面上的前後屈身運動,如肘關節;或是繞軸心旋轉運動,如樞軸點允許頭部轉動.

The ends of these muscles are attached to different bones by connective tissue bands so that when the muscle contracts, one bone moves in relation to the other. This makes it possible to move the whole body, as when walking, or to move jus one part of the body, as when bending a finger.

結締組織是肌肉末端附著於不同的骨面上,所以當肌肉收縮時,兩骨彼此靠近而產生運動.這也就使整個人體可以運動起來,如走路,運動軀體某個部位,如彎曲手指.

The heart is a muscle that is divided into two nearly identical halve: one half receives blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends blood that has traveled through the body back to the lungs.

心臟是一塊被分為幾乎對等兩半的肌肉.一辦吸收來自肺部的血液,並把血液運送到機體的其餘部位,另一半使流經全身的血液回流入肺.

The trachea divides to enter each of the two lungs and then divides more than 20 times to form a very large number of small air spaces. Oxygen from the air enters the blood through capillaries in the walls of these air spaces, and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the air spaces to be exhaled.

氣管分成左右支氣管,各連結左右肺,左右之氣管在分支20多次,在終端形成大量為小的肺泡.從空氣攝取的氧氣流經這些肺泡壁內的毛喜血管流入血液.血液在經肺泡把釋放出的二氧化碳排出體外.

The urinary system maintains normal levels of water and of certain small molecules such as sodium and potassium in the body. It does this by passing blood through the kidneys, two efficient filtering organs that get rid of any excess of various molecules and conserve those molecules that are in short supply.

泌尿系統維持水分及體內某些小分子物質,如鈉`鉀的正常水平.身體是通過讓腎過濾血液來做到這一點的.腎是兩個有效的過濾器官,他濾出各種多餘的小分子物質,保留那些供應不足的小分子物質.

A major gland is the pituitary, which is located under the brain in the middle of the head. It produces at least eight hormones, which affect growth, kidney function, and development of the sex organs.

腦垂體是一個主要的腺體,他位於頭中部腦下方.他至少分泌八種激素,這些激素對人體生長,腎功能及性器官發育有影響.

The female productive system is responsible for producing and transporting ova( the female sex cells), eliminating ova from the body when they are not fertilized by sperm, nourishing and provid-

ing a place for growth of an embryo when an ovum is fertilized by sperm, and nourishing a newborn child.

女性生殖系統產生,輸送卵子(女性性細胞),將未受精的卵子排出體外,而當精,卵結合時,女性生殖系統培養,提供胚胎生長場所,並孕育新生兒.

【Chapter 2】

A symptom is something a patient can de-tect, such as fever, bleeding, or pain. A sign is something a doctor can detect, such as a swollen blood vessel or an enlarged internal body organ.

症狀是病人自己就能察覺到的,比如,高燒,流血,或是疼痛.而徵兆則是醫生所能夠觀察到的,比如,血管擴張或是體內器官腫大.

The skin and mucous membranes covering the body or lining its openings offer considerable resis-tance to invasion by bacteria and other infectious organisms. If these physical barriers are injured or burned, infection resistance drops. In minor cases, only boils or pimples may develop. In major cases, however m large areas of the body might become infected.

覆蓋在體表或者器官開口處的皮膚和黏膜能在很大程度上抵抗細菌或其他感染體的入侵.如果這些屏障遭到了損壞或損傷,身體對感染的抵抗力就會下降.在一些病情較輕的病例中,疥子和小膿胞可能會發生.在病情較重的病例中,身體的大面積區域則可能會被感染.

Breathing passages are especially vulnerable to infection. Fortunately, they are lined with mu-cus-secreting cells that trap tiny organisms and dust particles. Also, minute hairs called cilia line the breathing passages, wave like a field of wheat, and gently sweep matter out of the respiratory tract.

呼吸通道尤其容易受到感染,幸運的是,呼吸道內附蓋滿了能分泌黏液的細胞,他們能捕捉微小的有機體和塵粒.另外,被叫做纖毛的細小毛髮也覆蓋了呼吸道,他們像微風下麥田裡的小麥一樣舞動著,輕輕地將異物掃出呼吸道.

In addition, foreign mater in the breathing passages can often be ejected by nose blowing, coughing, sneezing, and throat clearing.

除此之外,呼吸道內的異物還常常因為擤鼻涕`咳嗽`打噴嚏和清喉嚨而被彈出.

Unless the abscess breaks and allows the pus to drain, the infection is likely to spread.

如果膿塊不破裂,裡面的膿不排除掉,感染很可能會擴大.

1.Each antibody is made of a heavy chain of chemical subunits, or amino acids, and a light chain

of them. The light chain has special sites where the amino acids can link with their com-

plements on the antigen molecule.

每一個抗體由一條化學亞單位(及氨基酸)的重鏈和一條輕鏈所構成.這條輕鏈上有特別的部位,在那裡,氨基酸能使其補體和抗原分子相連.

2.In some cases, through the process of opsonization, antibodies “butter” the surface of some

antigens and make them “tastier” to phagocytes, which engulf the antigens.

在某些情況下,通過調理素作用的過程,抗體在抗原表面塗抹上一些”奶油”,讓吞噬細胞更喜歡吞噬他們.

3.Sometimes an antibody hooks to bacterial antigen but needs an intermediate, or complement,

to actually destroy the bacterium, As the antibody-antigen complex circulates in the blood, the complex “fixes” complement to it.