托福阅读难句托及专业翻译中文对照

托福阅读难句托及专业翻译中文对照 1-10 1．Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one-

quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas - and at least as much resistance to constructing more - suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south.

因为加拿大地大都市区域每城市高速公路公里总数量只有美国的四分之一， 而且至少根据相 当的居民数量去建设更多的高速公路， 比较南部边界的而言， 人群和设施的都市化在北部边 界区延伸度较少。

2． They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only limited geographical areas or by specific ethnic and social groups - especially the blues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian Mountains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States.

他们制造了相当多种类的流行音乐， 这些音乐以前只限于在地理区域或特殊的种族和社会群 体能被听到， 尤其是象布噜斯、 福音歌曲和非洲美国人的爵士乐和阿巴拉奇亚山脉南部和其 他美国南部和西部的乡村区域传统音乐。

3．The development of the railroad and telegraph

nineteenth century led to significant improvements

shipments and communications, making possible

production and distribution of goods. 在第三个十九世纪中期铁路和电报系统的发展导致了在速度、 音量和普通的船运和通讯上的 明显的进步，使生产和分发货物方面的一个基础的转变有可能发生。

4．Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involved the expenditure of water and energy, desert

mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and

temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant ' s gazelles. 除了尽量去保持身体深处的低体温， 这将包括支出水和能量， 沙漠哺乳动物们允许他们的温 度上升到一个通常来说是发烧的温度并且温度高达 46 摄氏度，这已被在格兰特瞪羚测得。

5．The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860 's, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada.

主要变化的开端在 18 世纪 60 年代晚期被预示了， 当时在太平洋铁路联合体最后开始建设从 Omaha 的城市中心平原到连接太平洋铁路中心向西的铁路，它推进了从加利福尼亚穿过 Sierra Nevada 的重重险阻向东的铁路

6．The argument that humans, even in prehistoric, had some number sense, at least to the extent of recognizing the concept of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possess such a sense. 关于人类即使是史前人类都具有一些数字的感觉的争论， 当或多或少一些对象被从一个小团

systems during the middle third of the in the speed, volume, and regularity of a fundamental transformation in the

体内加入或拿走的概念，最后导致这个概念的认可，这看起来是公平的，因为研究表明一些动物

拥也有这样的感觉。

7． A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. 一个有用的定义关于空气污染是被人类直接加入或间接加入到大气中，影响人类、动物、植被或原材料的空气的混合体。

那些空气质量反面地

8．The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to next.

紧凑的安排使曼旦人能更容易地，从那些寻找获得那些高产的农民们年复一年地存储的一些食物的

其他族人的袭击中，保护他们自己。

9．No other set of colonists took so seriously one expression of the period, “Leisure is time for doing something useful, ”in the countryside farmers therefore relieved the burden of the daily routine with such double-purpose relaxations as hunting, fishing, and trapping.

没有其他的殖民者在那个时期如此严肃的持有一个的申明：休闲对做事有利，乡下农民们理所当然

的收到如此双重任务：日常事务的重担和狩猎、捕鱼和诱捕的闲暇。

10．Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt - time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in environments.

地球上的生命不断地演化，就象存在于地球中的缓慢地物理的和化学的变化，但是生物需要时间去适应，这就是现存物种的迁移和基因改变的时间，和以便能在环境中生存的新基因材料和新物种的繁殖的时间。

托福阅读难句托及专业翻译中文对照11-18 11．Some fossil bones have all the interstitial spaces filled with foreign minerals, including the marrow cavity, if there is one, while others have taken up but little from their surroundings. 一些石化的骨头的所有裂缝的空隙，包括骨髓空腔，都充满了外来的矿石，如果这儿还有有一个空腔当其他的空腔都已被占据，填充物很少是来源于他们的环境。

12．By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western

Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and paints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few originals) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions. 杰出的绘画

艺术，在西欧发展，直到现在通过书、绘画、欧洲访问者和移民被介绍给美洲殖民者和游移不定

的殖民者，他们买回旧的大师的绘画和欧洲艺术机构熟识的的复制品 (很少有原件)。

13．The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: “limner” was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760s:

“ painter ” characterized