what和who引导的定语从句
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一、用“who”的情况
1.当先行词是
persons, people, those时。例如:
Those who are for my plan , please put up your hands.
同意我的计划的人请举手。
Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.
好争者被轻视。
2.当先行词是
he, one, all, any, they等时,例如:
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn't a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
All who had seen this film were moved.
看过这部电影的人都受感动。
3.在非限定性定语从句中用who。例如:
I want him, who knows some English and French.
我要他,他懂得些英语和法语。
I will pardon you, who are honest.
我愿意宽恕你,你是诚实的。
4.在强调句型中多用who,在口语中who可以省略。例如:
I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.
我认为你明天应该来这儿。
It is he who can do this work.
只有他能够干此工作。
二、用“that”的情况
1.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。例如:
She is not the woman that she used to be.
她已经不是过去的她了。
China is not the country that it used to be.
中国已经不是过去的中国了。
2.避免重复。例如:
W h o w a s i t t h e m a n t h a t y o u d a n c e d w i t h l a s t n i g h t?昨天晚上和你一起跳舞的那个人是谁?
Who is it the girl that often comes to school early?
常常早到校的那个女孩是谁?
3.当先行词前面有指示代词same时,要用that。例如:
That is the same woman that spoke at
the meeting yesterday.
这个与昨天在会议上讲话的是同一个人。
He is the same person that killed that woman.
他就是杀害那位妇女的人。
4.当先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.
他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。
Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.
让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。
5.当先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词或only
等词修饰时。例如:
I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life.
我早知
她的父亲是一个世上最简朴最努力工作的人。