虚拟语气练与讲
虚拟语气讲解及练习(有答案)
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
虚拟语气用法详解
河高高三英语语法专题讲练——虚拟语气用法一、条件句中的虚拟语气(1)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us.。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.(2)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假如(3)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.注意：1.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。
如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.Were she here, she would agree with us.Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.2. 错综时间虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相对应的调整。
If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre last night.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1．表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。
初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案(带解析)复习进程
初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案(带解析)虚拟语气讲解语气 (mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should（ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。
虚拟语气讲义与练习
状语从句的虚拟语气1. 以as if /as though引出的方式状语从句，如所述事情与实际不符，该用虚拟语气，其谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句中的情况相同。
例：They talked as if I were a stranger2.以in case, lest, for fear that引出的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“should+ 动词原形”来表示虚拟(should可省略)例：He took a taxi lest he should be late / Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.其它句型中的虚拟语气1．It is (high/about) time…后的从句中，谓语用过去时表示虚拟。
例：It’s high time (that) we left.2．在would rather/ would sooner / would prefer/just as soon （宁愿）+宾语从句中，表示与现在不符的事2.1与现在事实或与将来事实相反would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。
我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。
(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。
我希望你下周末来。
2.2与过去事实相反I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.3 If only引出的感叹句if only 表示“但愿”、“要是……就好了”。
它的用法和“I wish…”基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。
虚拟语气精讲精练总结
What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
If I had a lot of money,
1. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time !
If only she didn’t drive so fast.
I wish I ________ you yesterday.
His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan.
A.didn’t agree B.hadn’t agreed
C.wouldn’t agree D.not agree
NOTES:
与现在相反
例： If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
had HIV
would feel
were
would be
had driven
If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday.
would not have had
If I how to swim, I trapped in this island. had learnt would not have been
虚拟语气讲解及练习
一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。
如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：从句（条件句）主句（结果句）与现在事实相反的假设动词过去式Be一般用were Would /Could /Should / Might+动词原形与过去事实相反的假设Had +分词Would /Could /Should / Might+have+ 过去分词与将来事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小1）动词过去式2）were to+动词原形Would /Could /Should / Might+动词原形3) should+ 动词原形例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。
把had /should/were 等动词移到从句的句首。
例如：Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
虚拟语气讲解以及练习
虚拟语气的用法一、非真实条件句1. 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
）1. If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
2. If you’d listened to me , you wouldn’t be in such trouble now . 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会这样麻烦了3. If it hadn’t been for her care , I should not be speaking to you now. 要不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话4. If the doctor had come in time , Amy would still be alive . 如果医生及时赶到，AMY现在还活着。
三、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。
常见的表达方式有:1. 介词及介词短语 but for, without , with ,等But for his pension , he would starve .要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了Without your help , I couldn’t have achieved all this . 要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就With his aid , you would succeed . 如果有了他的帮助，你就会成功。
虚拟语气（讲义及练习）
虚拟语⽓（讲义及练习）虚拟语⽓虚拟语⽓表⽰说话⼈的难以实现的愿望或假设，或者表达建议，命令，劝告等语⽓，不表⽰客观事实。
虚拟语⽓是通过谓语动词的词性变换来实现的。
I.带If条件句的虚拟语⽓1．If条件从句谓语动词形式2．主句谓语动词形式3．需要注意的⼏点重要问题1)should通常只⽤于第⼀⼈称，would可⽤于任何⼈称。
有时候也可⽤might,could。
2)⼀般情况下，主从句所指的时间是⼀致的，但有时候也可能不⼀致，这时候应对主句和从句的时间分别进⾏分析，从⽽确定主从句谓语动词各⾃的正确形式。
1)If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t be in such a big trouble now.2)If I had finished my homework yesterday, I would go out with you tomorrow.3)当If条件句中含有were, had, should的时候，可以省略if，并将were, had, 或should移到句⾸形成倒装，句⼦的其余部分保持不变。
1)Had she got more money, she would have finished his MA study.2)Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.3)Were I in school again, I would work harder.4)Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about the result.II.含蓄条件句有些条件句中并不出现if，⽽是使⽤介词短语（but for; with; without等）或是连接词（but; but that; or; otherwise等），此时并不是全句都需要使⽤虚拟语⽓，要根据具体的句意来确定句⼦应该使⽤虚拟语⽓的部分，并按照含有if条件句虚拟语⽓的主句谓语动词变换规则进⾏动词变换。
虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟语气的讲解和用法以及练习题虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实（表示客观事实要用陈述语气）。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
一、if引导的虚拟条件句I. 表示与现在相反:主句：If + 动词过去式(were, did, had, etc.),从句：should / would / could / might + 动词原形e.g.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.II. 表示与过去相反:主句：If + had + 过去分词,从句：should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词e.g.If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.III. 表示与将来相反:①主句：If + 动词过去式(were, did, had, etc.),从句：should / would / could / might + 动词原形e.g.If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.②主句：If + should +动词原形,从句：should / would / could / might + 动词原形e.g. If he shouldfail in the experiment this time, he would try again.③主句：If + were to +动词原形,从句：should / would / could / might +动词原形e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.If引导的虚拟条件句应该注意的问题1.错综时态虚拟条件句如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致, 这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那种药的话, 现在就会好些了.2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.2. 含蓄条件句有些条件是由一些短语引出的(but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,) 1) We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).2) Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.3) With better equipment, we could have done it better.4) But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.5) I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.6) He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.7) He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.注意：在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式，如：1) Any men in his position would have done like that.2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.3. 省略if的虚拟条件句如果if虚拟条件句中含有were/should/had的话，则可以省略if，此时应将这三个词放在句首，采用倒装语序。
虚拟语气讲义(15个句式)
虚拟语气讲义1．虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。
(表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负.eg. I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机，如果我有手机的话，和别人联系就方便的多了。
eg. If I were in your position, I would think better of it .如果我处在你现在的境地，我会重新考虑然后放弃。
2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。
eg. What a pity it is that you didn’t attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer.真遗憾你昨天没有去听音乐会。
如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。
eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same= If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if he refused ), it wouldn’t matter万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系.eg. If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance e*amination, what would you do"万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可省去if，可将主语与这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句。
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虚拟语气小练习 1. If I ____ where he lived， I ____ a note to him. A. knew， would B. had known， would have sent C. know， would send D. knew， would have sent 2. If they ____ earlier than expected， they ____ here now. A. had started， would be B. started， might be C. had started， would have been D. will start， might have been 3. I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it， I ____ then. A. Had I known， would ring him up B. Should I know， would have rung him up C. If I knew； would ring him up D. Had I known； would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _____， she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill， wouldn't be B. had been ill， wouldn't have been C. had been ill， should have been D. hadn't been ill， could be 5. Were I to do it， I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible， but I was so busy then. A. could tell， if it had been B. must have told， were it C. should have told， had it been D. should have told， should it be 7. Without your help， we________ so much. A. won't achieve B. didn't achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved 8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice， you ________ such a mistake. A. Had you taken， wouldn't have made B. If you had taken， would make C. Were you lo take， shouldn't have made D. Have you taken， won't have made 9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school. A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to 12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he's refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party？ A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite 15. I insisted that he ________ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go 16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all. A. hadn't stolen B. shouldn't steal C. doesn't steal D. steal 17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make 18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know 19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly. A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard 20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train. A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be 22. That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought 23. It is high time we ________ home. A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went 24. I'd rather that you ________ home. A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone 25. If only I _________ to the lecture！ A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened 26. —— If he_____， he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned， would not take B. had been warned， would not have taken C. would be warned， had not taken D. would have been warned， had not taken 27. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________， she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 28. Without electricity， human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29. He ________ you more help， even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 30. If city noises _______ from increasing， people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept， will have to B. are not kept， have to C. do not keep， will have to D. do not keep， have to 31. Mike's father， as well as his mother， insisted that he ________ home. A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay