九年级英语上册 被动语态详细的讲解 外研版

被动语态

一、被动语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）

The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）

1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）

English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)

The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)

A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。

I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。

The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。

5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)

Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。

The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。

6．过去完成时(had been + done)

They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。

She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已被暴风雨摧毁。

含有情态动词的被动语态

情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：

Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）

三、主动语态变为被动语态

1、转换图示：

Eg. Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.

They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.

He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth. 杰克告诉了我们真相。

We were told the truth by Jack.

The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意

① be动词

② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste She seems/appears happy.

It smells terrible.

③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go

His wish has come true.

People often went hungry in the old days.

The tree is growing tall.

④ 保持：keep, stay

We must keep quiet in the reading room.

五、感官动词的被动语态。

感官动词后面的宾语有三种形式：doing,done和do（不带to的不定式）。但在变为被动语态时，省略to 的不定式要还原to。感官动词主要有 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel

主动：

1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。

I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.

When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.

2．后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。

Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.

3．后接V-ed形式表被动意义。

After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.