双语管理学第五章

• Span of Control
The number of subordinates a manager can direct
efficiently and effectively.
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5–6
EXHIBIT 5–2
Types of Departmentalization
Functional
Groups employees based on work performed (e.g., engineering, accounting information systems, human resources) Groups employees based on major product areas in the corporation (e.g., women’s footwear, men’s footwear, and apparel and accessories)
upper organizational levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom.
• Unity of Command
The management principle that no person should
report to more than one boss.
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5–13
Centralization And Decentralization
• Centralization
A function of how much decision-making authority is
different individual rather than having one individual do the whole job.
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5–4
EXHIBIT 5–1
Economies and Diseconomies of Work Specialization
pushed down to lower levels in an organization; the more centralized an organization, the higher the level at which decisions are made.
• Decentralization
Power based on the ability to distribute something that others value.
Power based on one’s position in the formal hierarchy. Power based on one’s expertise, special skill, or knowledge. Power based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits.
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5–9
EXHIBIT 5–3
Line Versus Staff Authority
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5–10
EXHIBIT 5–4
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5–8
Types of Organizational Authority
• Line Authority
The position authority (given and defined by the
orders and expect them to be obeyed.
• Power
An individual’s capacity to influence decisions
• Responsibility
An obligation to perform assigned activities
11. Describe what is meant by the term organization culture.
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5–3
The Elements of Structure
• Organization Design
Product
Customer
Groups employees based on customers’ problem and needs (e.g., wholesale, retail, government)
Geographic Groups employees based on location served (e.g., North, South, Midwest, East) Process Groups employees based on the basis of work or customer flow (e.g., testing, payment)
The pushing down of decision-making authority to
the lowest levels of an organization.
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5–14
EXHIBIT 5–6
Fundamentals of Management
Sixth Edition
Robbins and DeCenzo
with contributions from Henry Moon CHAPTER
Part III: Organizing
5
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4. Identify the five different ways by which management can departmentalize.
5. Contrast mechanistic and organic organizations.
6. Summarize the effect of strategy, size, technology, and environment on organization structures.
Chain of Command
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5–7
Байду номын сангаас
Organizational Structure: Control (cont’d)
• Authority
The rights inherent in a managerial position to give
Authority Versus Power
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5–11
EXHIBIT 5–5
Types of Power
Coercive power
Power based on fear.
Reward power
Legitimate power Expert power Referent power
organization) that entitles a manager to direct the work of operative employees.
• Staff Authority
Positions that have some authority (e.g.,
organization policy enforcement) but that are created to support, assist, and advise the holders of line authority.
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L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S (cont’d) After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
7. Contrast the divisional and functional structures.
8.
9.
Explain the strengths of the matrix structure.
Describe the boundaryless organization and what elements have contributed to its development.
10. Explain what is meant by the term learning organization.
Is a process in which managers develop or change
their organization’s structure.
• Work Specialization
Involves having each discrete step of a job done by a