2016年武汉大学工程硕士英语结业考试题型
武汉大学博士英语结课考试及答案
一、段落分析Concept-defining(一)C ontent 内容（from paragraph level）1 Topic 话题（特点general笼统）2 Aspect (supporting sentence)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理from idea/mentality to behavior从思想到行为from technology to societyfrom individual to social aspects从个体到社会from oneself to others从自身到他人from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接from physical environment to economic and social structure从地理环境到社会经济结构3 Perspective (point of view)角度+ Key words=thesis 论点+evidence论据=theme主题（main idea）+aspects方面4 Form/Function形式（passage level）Structure: the organization of the whole articleIntroduction (what)Body (why)Conclusion (how)(二)P aragraph development1 Skill/Pattern；Fact/DetailStatistics统计Examples例证Statements阐述Quotation引言2 Method针对所选用的skill的方法1)topic order2)causal order = cause and effect3)spatial order = space order4)chronological order = time order5)problem and solution6)means and ends7)process and result8)classification9)hierarchical structure 分层次、等级的(from least to most)10)antithesis对偶、排比11)progression递进(a gradual process of change or developing over period of time)12)comparison (相似) and contrast(差异) 对比3 Logic relationship (from passage level) (what, why, how)1)Cause and effect因果关系=why & how2)Means and ends = process and purpose = how手段和目的；过程和目的3)Topic/idea and reason (introduction)= what & why4)Problem and solution = what & how5)Example = how(三)D eveloping Paragraph/Body(正文/主体)1Unity (一致性)—topic sentence切题，与开篇提出的论点相关2Development (发展性)—supporting sentences no more than 5 aspects论据是否充分Common Methods of Development1)exemplification例证2)facts事实3)citation引证4)comparison and contrast比较与对比5)analysis分析6)classification分类3Coherence (连贯性):主要指段落中的句子与句子之间在逻辑上和结构上的相互连贯—条理清楚、层次分明、衔接自然1)transitions/signposts过渡词/路标词2)from the most important to the least important or vice verse由重到轻，反之亦然3)general principle by classification:总原则（分类）from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理from individual to social aspects从个体到社会from oneself to others从自身到他人from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接from physical environment to economic and social structure从地理环境到社会经济结构第一课的第三段：Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale.Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizations from tiny companies to entire第一课的第十二段：The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—t he power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than第八课的第一段：Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies.In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent第八课的第四段：It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to第八课的第六段：Humanity may not act in time to prevent the decimation of the rain forests, fossil fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 40 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from 30% to 1%. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost half of its rain forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; their political, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the第八课的第八段：If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must change the myths that are leading us toward extinction and find inspiring visions of a plausible and appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill the vacuum. For transformation to occur, human beings must actively shape the future, an enterprise that goes to the heart of mythmaking. If we are each a cell in what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,” then this is an第八课的第十二段：But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides——first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize——was followed by theunintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug第八课的第二十五段：The third principle is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find common ground. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange, postmodernists urge that groups “press beyond dialogue.” For example, athletes and musicians from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or musical groups. Business executives and scientists from conflicting backgrounds are often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and二、文章结构分析第八课1-4段Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.Easter Island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. Current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island’s first settlers, explorers from Polynesia, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. They multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political system. Rival clans erected ever-larger statues on platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.Eventually, as the island’s population grew to 20,000 people, the forests were cut more rapidly than they regenerated. Trees were transformed into fuel, canoes, and houses, as well as rollers and ropes to transport the gigantic stone heads. In time, the absence of wood for sea going canoes reduced the fish catches, while erosion and deforestation diminished crop yields. The growing populace consumed the local bird and animal populations. When the island could no longer feed its human population, the political and religious oligarchy that had directed and distributed the local resources began to languish. Many archaeologists believe the ruling class was overthrown by warriors. In the ensuing disorder, clan fought clan fought clan, toppling and desecrating each other’s statues. When the Europeans arrived on Easter Sunday, 1772, the once-fertile island was barren and desolate. Its remaining inhabitants, only a fraction of the numbers a few generations earlier, were heirs to a once-greater society that had degenerated into violence, starvation, and cannibalism.It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to retain their positions and privileges.附：武汉大学博士研究生英语试题Part I Documental Analysis 20%Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of perspective, method and skill, and questions.But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides--first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize--was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.Part II Article Analysis 15%Attention:Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article.1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values, ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes; we are faced with inventing the future and also bringing it into operation, progressively; we make experiments and we frequently make mistakes; but we are beginning to know what we want when we talk of justice, freedom and democracy. The scientific and technological community is directly involved in the questions that arise. Following those of our generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.2. The closeness of scientific problems to political problems is such that scientific workers are not,far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We don't ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a decisive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling.5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its method. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problems are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, science's saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality.Part III Writing 25%Attention: Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good reasoning (e.g.in a linear way) in more than 300 words.How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate---- On My Class ExperiencePart I. Documental Analysis 20%Topic: ______________________________ ______________________________Perspective(s): ____________________________________________________Method(s): ______________________________________________________Skill(s): _______________________________ _______________________________Questions: ________________________________________________________Part II. Article Analysis 15%。
武汉大学2016年考研电路真题
武汉大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题满分值（150分）科目名称：电路（d 卷） 科目代码：906………………………………………………………………………………………… 注意：本试卷答案和考研电路课程可在微信公众号《事成电气考研》中观看。
一、电路如图所示，已知。
1,3,3,6,1032=Ω=Ω===r R R A I V U S S 求当1R 为何值,1R 消耗的功率最大？求当1R 为何值时，4R 消耗的功率最小？二、电路如图所示，已知Ω===5,2,20R A I V U S S ，P 线性电阻组成的对称双口网络，开关k 闭合时，V U V U S 8,1==。
求开关k 打开后的电压U ？三、电路如图所示，N 为线性定常无源电阻网络，当时A I V U S C 0,12)0(==-，响应324te U -=。
求在同样的初始条件下A I S 3=时，C i 的全响应。
已知F C 1=。
四、电路如图所示，N 为含源（独立源）电阻网络。
当端口a 、b 短接时，电阻R 支路中的电流1S I I =。
当端口a 、b 开路时，电阻R 支路中的电流2S I I =。
当端口间接电阻f R 时，f R 获得最大功率。
求端口a 、b 间接电阻f R 时，流过电阻R 支路中的电流？a五、已知电路如图所示，Ω=Ω=Ω=Ω==1,4,10,8,2211L L X R n C ωω,,1Ω=M ωV U S 10=,A I S ︒∠=305。
求Z 为多大时，Z 消耗的功率最大，并求出最大功率值？U R:SI六、已知电路如图所示，电流表读数A A A A 2321===；电阻,12Ω=R ,8.2A I S =,电路消耗的有功S U W P ,12=为正弦稳态电压源，S I 为直流源。
求1R X X U L C S ，，，的值？七、已知电路如图所示，其中0N 为线性无源网络。
R 为可调电阻，激励为单位阶跃响应电压)(t ε，已知Ω=1R 时，)(t i 的单位阶跃响应为A t e e e t i t t t S )()2()(43ε---+-=，1R R =时，单位阶跃响应)(1t i 中含有固有频率为-2的分量。
武汉大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试复试基本分数线及相关说明
60
230
375
公共卫生学院
0
0
0
0
0
药学院
药学（理学）
60
60
100
100
350
药学（医学）、中药学（医学）
60
60
200
350
制药工程（专业学位）
60
60
80
100
350
药学、中药学（专业学位）
60
60
200
350
HOPE护理学院
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
卫星导航定位技术研究中心
0
0
0
0
0
0
测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室
0
0
0
0
0
0
中国边界与海洋研究院
0
0
0
0
0
0
质量发展战略研究院
0
0
0
0
0
0
国家文化创新研究中心
0
0
0
0
0
0
中国南极测绘研究中心
0
0
0
0
0
0
高等研究院
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
医学研究院
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
地图学与地理信息系
60
60
85
90
355
大地测量与测量工程、地图制图学与地理信息工程、摄影测量与遥感、通信与信息系统、计算机应用技术
湖北省武汉市2016届高中毕业班二月调研测试英语试题-Word版含答案
武汉市2016届高中毕业生二月调研测试英语试卷武汉市教育科学研究院命制2016.2. 26★祝考试顺利★第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例 ?A. ￡ 19.15.B. ￡ 9.15.C. ￡ 9.18.1. ?A. 7:15 .B. 7:25 .C. 7:30 .2. ?A. .B. .C. 's .3. ?A. .B. .C. .4. ?A． .B． .C. a .5. ?A. .B. .C. .第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；昕完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6． ?A．.B．.7. ?A. a .B. .C. .听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. ?A. .B. .C. .9. 's ?A. .B. a .C. .10. ?A. .B. a .C. .11. 's ?A. .B. .C. .12. ?A. a .C. .听第 9段材料,回答第 13至 16题。
13. ?A. a .B. .C. .14. ?A. a .B. 's .C. . .15. ?A. a .B. a .C. .16. ?A. .B. .C. .17. ?A. 1983.B. 1997.C. 2004.18. ?A. .B. .19. ?A. .B. .C. .20. ?A. .B. .C. .第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
【汇总】2016年武汉大学各学院复试内容介绍
【汇总】2016年武汉大学各学院复试内容介绍武汉大学考研录取包含了初试，复试两个部分，不同的学院复试内容与安排都是不一样的，以下是东湖武大考研网整理收集的【汇总】2016年武汉大学各学院复试内容介绍，考生可以根据复试的内容，要求进行准备，如果有其他考研疑问，可以联系官网右侧的咨询老师。
学院名称复试内容简介外国语言文学学院A.学术学位硕士研究生1.专业课笔试：听力与写作笔试着重考查学生语言的综合运用能力和培养潜力。
2.综合面试面试考查学生的综合素质，着重考查学生对问题理解的深度与广度，对问题进行分析与逻辑推理的严密性以及对所学语言的表达能力。
B.专业学位硕士研究生1.专业课笔试：翻译硕士专业课笔试：听力与写作学科教育（英语）专业课笔试：写作笔试着重考查学生语言的综合运用能力和培养潜力。
2.综合面试翻译硕士：面试考查学生的综合素质，着重考查学生对问题理解的深度与广度，对问题进行分析与逻辑推理的严密性以及英汉语言互译的能力。
学科教育（英语）：面试考查学生的综合素质，着重考查学生对问题理解的深度与广度，对问题进行分析与逻辑推理的严密性以及对所学专业的理解与表达能力。
新闻与传播学院复试内容和形式1.专业综合课笔试。
按2016年招生简章的要求进行专业课的笔试，考试时间为2小时，满分为100分。
2.对复试考生的外语听力口语水平测试。
每个听力口语测试小组须配备2名或2名以上主考教师。
主考教师须由精通外语的教师担任。
听力口语测试试题须事先命制若干套。
须按时更换试题。
考生以抽签方式确定听力口试题目。
听力口语测试满分为100分。
口语测试全过程进行录音。
3.专业综合素质面试。
我院按专业组成5个复试小组来组织专业综合素质面试，要有面试情况记录，并认真填写复试记录，面试成绩取平均值。
面试满分为100分，每名考生专业综合素质面试时间约20分钟。
面试全过程将进行录音录像。
综合素质面试是为了更全面了解考生情况，包括考察其综合分析、表达能力，了解其对专业课以外的其他知识的掌握，考察其科研能力和水平，了解其科研成果，如已发表的文章、论文等；还包括对考生思想政治状况的考察，对考生的特长、兴趣爱好等情况的了解。
湖北省武汉市2016届高中毕业班二月调研测试英语试题及答案
武汉市2016届高中毕业生二月调研测试英语试卷武汉市教育科学研究院命制2016.2. 26★祝考试顺利★第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.1. When will the speakers need to be in their seats?A. No later than 7:15 pm.B. No later than 7:25 pm.C. Anytime before 7:30 pm.2. What does the man ask the woman for?A. Her ID card.B. Some beers.C. Charlie's guarantee.3. What does the man like to play now?A. Basketball.B. Tennis.C. Baseball.4. What does the woman imply about Uncle Jim?A．He behaves well.B．He eats too much.C. He has a good sense of humor.5. What did the man pay the most for?A. The bed.B. The fridge.C. The washing machine.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2016考研复试英语笔试题型及技巧
2016考研复试英语笔试题型及技巧考研网为大家提供2016考研复试英语笔试题型及技巧，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2016考研复试英语笔试题型及技巧与考研英语初试不同的是，复试英语尤其是笔试部分可以说是因校而异。
各个学校根据自己的传统自行命题，以此考察考生的英语水平。
就笔试部分而言，即便每所学校的考卷差距再大，基本逃不出以下这些题型，接下来就题型一一分析。
一、听力听力测试时，一类是听提前录制好的话题，类似于大学的英语四、六级考试。
还有一类是与口语同时考查，其考查的形式一般为由复试老师阅读或播放一段英文短文，然后由考生根据短文回答相关问题。
在备考时，考生可以加强历年四、六级听力真题的温习，还可以泛听一些英语材料，做到精听与泛听相结合，提高自己的听力水平。
1、在备考期间，练习听力的主要侧重点是听。
注重听得内容而不是以答题为目的的听。
这个听的过程旨在于发现自己听力的问题，寻找自己听不懂的原因，比如是自己发音的问题还是连读听不清等等。
发现问题之后，就要试着去改正自己的发音等相关的问题。
只有找到了本质问题，听力能力才会有本质的提高。
2、一直以来，我们习惯性的在做题之前先看一看题目，这无疑也是一种很好的习惯。
但是在日常练习的时候，最好还是反过来，即先听后看，多听几遍再去看文字材料。
因为听完以后，你的大脑会对于这些语音讯息留下印象，而后在阅读材料的帮助下回更好地提高对于材料的认知。
然而，如果你先读材料，而后再去听语音，那么你是在借助自己大脑对于阅读材料的记忆来识别语音信息，但这种方式仅仅适用于听力的时候还是先听后考试时候。
切忌先看后听，或者边看边听。
3、做完题目之后要懂得总结和归纳。
要通过做题提高自己的词汇量。
掌握一些专业英语词汇的特定含义，如文学英语、商务英语、科技英语和社会生活英语中的一些专用词汇，这些词汇有着不同的含义。
另外要注意材料中的转折词，如but、however、thus等等。
这些词可以帮助我们更迅速和更准确地掌握材料中的内容。
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An English Course for Master Students of Engineering
《工程硕士研究生英语基础教程》学生用书
罗立胜 何福胜 主编
清华大学出版社
考试说明：
1) 工程硕士英语课程由武汉大学研究生院组织统一考试。时间定为2016年7
月23日（外地班）；2016年11月5日（武汉集中授课班）。 但具体考试时
间由各院系分管工程硕士研究生的老师和研究生院的通知为准。
2) 考试内容教科书占60%左右，课外占40%左右。
3) 考试范围：以下单元里的Part A 部分 (Part B 部分不考 & Part C部分极少
涉及)。由于各院系学生所持教科书版本的差异（新版本和老版本），所以省
去课文单元的序列号，将需掌握Part A部分课文的标题列举如下：My First
Job; Preserving Our Planet; A Time for Apologies; Engineering; Managers for the
Twenty-first Century; Simple Truth about Happiness.
4) 参加2016年工程硕士英语课程统考的学生课文有所调整（新版本），把How
the Rich Got Rich — and You Could Too; Kicking the Big-car Habit这2篇课文
换成When Forgiveness Is a Sin和One World One Economy，其余的课文保持
不变 (My First Job; Preserving Our Planet; A Time for Apologies; Engineering;
The Land of the Lock; Managers for the Twenty-first Century; Simple Truth
about Happiness)。
武汉大学工程硕士英语结业考试题型
Part I Vocabulary (2×10=20%)
选自教科书每个单元中Part A部分课文里的词汇以及固定搭配 (时态、语态、词
性根据上下文需做相应的变化)。每小题两分。
Part II Reading Comprehension (1×20=20%)
选自教科书外的阅读文章，程度相当于GCT或CET-band 4/6。共四篇文章, 每篇
文章后有五个问题, 每小题一分。
Part III Translation (40%)
Section A E-C Translation (20%)
英译汉, 共五段文字。选自教科书每单元Part A部分中的课文原文, 课外有一至
二段文字。每小题四分。
Section B C-E Translation (20%)
汉译英，以段落翻译的形式，内容涉及教科书中Part A部分课文的相关内容和中
外的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。程度相当于CET-band 4/6。
Part V Writing (20%)
选自教科书每单元Part A部分的课文里的一段文字，然后根据此段文字出一个命
题作文，要求不少于150字。