2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读五十六
Drone deliveries are advancing in health care无人机投递在医疗卫生行业取得进展No longer just in Africa,but in Europe and America too不仅是在非洲，在欧美也是如此A few years ago Jeff Bezos made a prediction.By2018his e-commerce empire,Amazon,would be delivering items by drone.几年前，杰夫·贝佐斯曾预言，到2018年，其电子商务帝国亚马逊将使用无人机递送货品。
Prime Air has yet to launch.But startups are making progress—mostly in health care,where they are vying to tap into a lucrative,$70bn global market in health-care logistics.As they deal with regulators and investors, these firms are charting the course for other aerial deliveries.虽然Prime Air（亚马逊的送货无人机）尚未投入运营，但一些初创企业正在取得进展（主要是在医疗保健领域），它们正在竞相争夺一个利润丰厚、价值高达700亿美元的全球医疗保健物流市场。
在同监管机构和投资者打交道的过程中，这些公司正在为航空运输开辟航线。
One of the best known is Zipline,based in San Francisco.It took off in Rwanda in2016,where it is now a national on-demand medical drone network,delivering150medical products,mostly blood and vaccines,to hard-to-reach places.其中最为人所知的是总部位于旧金山的Zipline。
这家公司自2016年于卢旺达开展业务以来，目前已经建立起一个全国性的按需医疗无人机网络，向那些（地面交通）难以前往的地方运送150种医疗产品（主要是血液和疫苗）。
Maternal mortality rates are declining thanks to the delivery of blood. Other firms have used drones to supply medicines in Bhutan,Malawi and Papua New Guinea.Patients in many Swiss hospitals can receive results on the day a sample is taken.由于输血得以保障，产妇的死亡率正在下降。
其他一些公司则在不丹、马拉维和巴布亚新几内亚使用无人机供应药品。
瑞士许多医院的患者可以在采样当天就收到化验结果。
Zipline is expanding into Ghana and,later this year,into North Carolina, an American state with many out-of-the-way rural medical facilities.It wants to serve700m people in the next three to four years.Zipline正在把业务扩展到加纳，并在今年晚些时候扩展至北卡罗来纳州（该州的许多医疗设施都地处偏远的农村）。
Zipline希望在未来3至4年内为7亿人提供服务。
For governments and regulators nervous about allowing drones to roam the skies,health-care deliveries offer a compelling reason to give it a go. Drones can fall out of the sky,collide with other air traffic,create perceived privacy concerns and make a noise.对于政府和监管机构来说，放任无人机在空中飞行让他们感到担忧，而医疗投递则提供了一个令人信服的理由让它们放手一试。
无人机可能会从空中坠落、可能会和其他的空中交通工具相撞、可能会引发人们对于隐私的担忧、还可能会制造噪音。
All this is hard to justify when they are delivering a light bulb.When they carry life-saving medicines the calculation is different.It is also easier,says Ben Marcus,founder of AirMap,a drone-technology firm,because health-care deliveries typically happen between a limited number of fixed sites,not to and from innumerable doorsteps.如果用无人机来运送一枚灯泡，那么这些都成为问题了。
但如果用无人机来运送救命的药品时，这些都不成问题了。
无人机技术公司AirMap的创始人本·马库斯说，这些问题很容易解决，因为医疗投递往往是往来于有限固定的地点之间，而不是在家家户户的门口之间。
Like most fast-growing startups,drone firms are coy about profitability but say they are generating revenue.Investors look convinced.On May17th Zipline announced$190m in new financing,which values it at $1.2bn.和大多数快速成长的初创企业一样，无人机公司对其盈利能力讳莫如深，但表示正在创造收益。
看来投资者选择相信他们。
5月17日，Zipline宣布最新融资1.9亿美元，其市场估值由此达12亿美元。
Like its competitors,it sees lucrative opportunities.For one thing,medical parcels are lightweight but valuable,so drone costs would make up a relatively small portion of the final bill.和竞争对手一样，Zipline也看到了其中的丰厚利润。
首先，医疗包裹重量轻，但价值高，因此无人机运输成本仅占总成本的一小部分。
Drones can also replace the stocks of expensive medicines hospitals keep just in case they are needed,by flying them quickly to hospital beds from a central hub.Lightweight electric drones are likely to be less expensive than car or motorcycle couriers,and faster.无人机还可以将药品从药物中心迅速运送到病床上，从而让医院免于储备昂贵的药品。
利用轻型电动无人机来投递可能比用汽车或摩托车更便宜，并且速度也更快。
Andreas Raptopoulos,boss of Matternet,another drone-delivery firm, thinks that this could save hospitals millions in lab and pharmacy costs.另一家无人机投递公司Matternet的老板安德里亚斯·拉托普洛斯认为，这能为医院节省数百万美元的实验室和药物成本。
The future of drone deliveries of all kinds in America,and elsewhere,rests with regulators.In less developed countries the skies are empty and permission to fly can be granted by a single person.In developed countries,with their more crowded airspace and thicker rule books, everything takes longer.在美国和其他任何国家，无人机投递的未来都取决于监管者。
在欠发达国家，天空上空空如也，无人机想要得到飞行许可很容易。
但在发达国家，由于空中交通很繁忙，规章制度的制定更繁琐，因此一切都需要更长的时间。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇：delivery[dɪ'lɪvəri]n.交付；分娩；递送logistics[lə'dʒɪstɪks]n.后勤；后勤学；物流out-of-the-way['autəvðə'wei]adj.偏僻的；非凡的；不合常规的collide[kə'laɪd]vi.碰撞；抵触，冲突vt.使碰撞；使相撞pharmacy['fɑrməsi]n.药房；配药学，药剂学；制药业；一批备用药品。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读五十七
What happens to those who die poor or unclaimed in NYC纽约那些死去的穷人和无名尸最后会去哪？The city council wants to make Hart Island more accessible市议会希望让人们更容易登上哈特岛“No one who sleeps there had a dollar to their name in life…thebodies interred here are as utterly forgotten and wiped away as if they never existed.”This is how the New York Herald described Hart Island in 1874,five years after the city began burying its poor on the island off the Bronx.“长眠于此的人，究其一生都身无分文…埋葬在这里的人就好像从没来过这个世界，被人们彻底地遗忘和抛弃了。
”这是《纽约先驱报》在1874年对哈特岛的描述，也就是纽约开始将穷人埋葬到距离布朗克斯不远处的哈特岛上的5年后。
A century and a half later the poor and unclaimed are still buried in pine coffins,usually marked only with numbers,not names.Theseare stacked three deep in a trench,three feet below the surface.Each trench holds150adult coffins.Roughly1,200people are buried there each year.150年后，穷人和无名尸仍被装在松木棺材埋葬于此，棺材上仅仅被标上编号，甚至都没有刻上姓名。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读十四
British universities英国大学The cost of studying the arts at Oxbridge在牛津和剑桥学习文科的代价High-scoring students leave £500,000 on the table by eschewing economics高分学生不学经济学，无异于丢掉了50万英镑S ceptics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many frivolous degrees with little value in the workplace.对高等教育持怀疑态度的人经常抱怨说，大学提供了太多在职场上没有实用价值的无用学位。
Since elite universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might expect them to teach more practical courses. Yet data from Britain’s department for education show the opposite.由于名牌大学比普通院校更倾向于培养高收入的毕业生，因此你可能以为名牌大学会开设更多实用性的课程。
然而，据英国教育部的数据显示，情况恰好相反。
Undergraduate students at prestigious universities are more likely to study purely academic fields such as philosophy and classics, whereas those at less choosy ones tend to pick vocational topics such as business or nursing.名牌大学的本科生更有可能学习哲学和古典文学等纯学术领域的专业，而普通院校的学生更倾向于选择商业或护理等职业领域的专业。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
When bosses walk in employees’ shoes当老板站在员工的角度思考It is hard for managers to understand what life is like for staff. But not impossible 管理者很难理解员工的处境，但也不是不可能Any manager worth their salt knows the value of spending time “walking in their customers’ shoes”. There are many ways to do it. You can observe customers in their natural habitat.任何称职的管理者都知道花时间“站在客户的角度思考”的价值。
想做到这一点有很多办法可行。
你可以对处在自然状态下的顾客进行观察。
Pernod Ricard’s boss recently told Bloomberg, a news service, about his habit of bar-hopping in order to see what people want to drink. Such research is a lot less fun if your company makes soap dispensers for public toilets but the same principle applies.保乐力加的老板最近向彭博社(一家新闻服务机构)透露，他经常会去酒吧看看人们爱喝什么酒。
如果你公司的产品是公厕皂液器，那这种研究方式就不太合适了，不过道理都是一样的。
You can be a customer yourself, buying your company’s products, ringing your own helplines and enduring the same teeth-grinding muzak. Or you can hear from your customers directly.你可以试着购买自家的产品，拨打自家的客服热线，忍受让人咬牙切齿的同款音乐。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二六
Defending Switzerland’s coffee stockpile捍卫瑞士的咖啡储备If disaster strikes,the Swiss want to be caffeinated当灾难来袭时，瑞士人需要咖啡因To defend their independence the Swiss have mountains,conscription and a fierce sense of self-reliance.They also have a vast stockpile of food, medicine,animal feed and cooking oil,which they have maintained since the1920s.This makes sieges easier to withstand,but costs a fortune.瑞士人靠着山脉、兵役制度和强烈的自力更生精神捍卫着国家的主权独立。
自上世纪20年代以来，瑞士一直保持着大量的食品、药品、动物饲料和食用油储备。
这使得瑞士更容易抵御敌人的围攻，但这同时代价不菲。
So in April the Federal Office for National Economic Supply announced a plan to trim it a little.In future,it suggested,it would no longer pay for a huge emergency supply of coffee.This wonderful drink,it claimed,is not “vital for life”.因此，今年4月，瑞士联邦国家经济供应办公室宣布了一项略微削减开支的计划。
它表示，今后将废除紧急物资储备中的咖啡储备。
理由则是，这种美味的饮品并不是“攸关生死的”。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一一
The legal cannabis market shrank in California last year去年，加州的合法大麻市场在萎缩Harbourside Cannabis in Oakland is a modern-day temple to the delights and possibilities of the botanical marvel that is the plant Cannabis sativa. Around the airy shop move a well-heeled clientele.They browse among offerings ranging from cannabis-infused chocolate to sparkling water and vape pens.奥克兰的哈伯赛德大麻公司是一座可供寻求快乐和见识到大麻种植奇观的现代庙宇。
一群有钱人在通透的大麻商店里来来往往。
他们浏览着从大麻巧克力到大麻起泡水和大麻电子烟等各式各样的大麻商品。
California was the first state to allow sales of medical cannabis in1996, and Harbourside one of the first shops in America to sell pot legally.Since January last year,the firm has also been able to sell pot for purely recreational purposes.1996年，加州成为美国首个允许销售医用大麻的州，哈伯赛德也是美国首批合法销售大麻的商店之一。
自去年1月以来，哈伯赛德也能销售纯娱乐用途的大麻了。
Thanks to its large number of“medical”users,California’s is the largest legal cannabis market in the world.But since the legalisation of adult sales, that market has been shrinking.得益于大批的“医疗”用户，加州成为了全球最大的合法大麻市场。
2019考研英语经济学人阅读1(英语学习).doc
2019考研英语经济学人阅读1（英语学习）联合国严厉制裁朝鲜The European Union announced that it will provide700m ($760m) in aid to accommodate migrants incountries overwhelmed by the refugee crisis. Most ofthe money is expected to go to Greece. AngelaMerkel, Germany’s chancellor, scolded Austria andother countries for clamping down on refugeearrivals, and vowed not to abandon Greece.欧盟宣布将向深陷难民危机的国家提供7亿欧元(7.6亿美元)的难民安置援助。
该援助的一大部分将给希腊。
德国总理安吉拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)谴责奥地利等国家抵制难民入境的行为，并承诺不会放弃对希腊的援助。
The leader of Spain’s Socialist Party, Pedro Sánchez, failed in his first attempt to form aminority government with the upstart centrist Ciudadanos party. Both the centre-right PopularParty and the far-left Podemos party voted against the proposed coalition in parliament. If MrSánchez fails again in a second vote planned for March 4th, the caretaker government willprobably call new elections.西班牙工人社会党( Socialist Party)领导人彼得罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sánchez)与新兴中立公民党(Ciudadanos party)首次尝试组建少数党政府，但最终以失败告终。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Have baby, stay in school生孩子还是继续上学？Why teenage mothers in Zimbabwe struggle to get educated为什么津巴布韦的未成年妈妈很难继续接受教育Brilliant Ndlovu has never really known childhood. Since the age of seven she has headed her household in Tsholotsho, a town in rural western Zimbabwe, after her parents went to work abroad. The oldest of five, she scraped a living growing crops while trying to keep up with her schoolwork.聪明的恩德洛夫从未真正经历过童年。
自从7岁起，她的父母去国外工作后，她就一直在津巴布韦西部乡村小镇茨洛特肖主持家务。
她是五个孩子中的老大，一边靠种庄稼勉强糊口，一边还要努力完成学业。
But in 2020 the covid-19 pandemic struck, coming shortly after a devastating drought. Farmers could not afford to pay child labourers like Ms Ndlovu. “So I looked for a man to help support my family,” she recalls. She found one who demanded sex in exchange for money. Aged 17, she got pregnant.但在2020年，经历一场毁灭性的干旱后，新冠疫情又紧随其后。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Britain’s young face a poorer future英国年轻一代面临更加贫穷的未来Economic statistics will never fully capture the extent of the sacrifices of Britain’s youth during the pandemic. For a generation of students and pupils it was a lost chance to make friends, explore who they are and, gradually, become adults — as well as to learn, in person. In the face of the deaths in the broader population, it is easy to dismiss as frivolous the setbacks of those who missed partying, travelling and dating during the long months stuck inside but these are still years of carefree youth they will not get back. What is more, most of these privations were primarily to protect those from older generations, the most vulnerable to the coronavirus.经济统计数字将永远不能完全反映出英国青年在这场大流行病中牺牲了多少。
对于这一代学生来说，他们失去了结交朋友、探索自我并逐渐成长为人,以及亲身学习的机会。
在有人死于新冠疫情之际，我们很容易认为被困在室内长达数月而错过聚会、旅行和约会的人所经历的这些挫折无关痛痒，但这是他们再也无法重返的无忧无虑的青春时光。