人教版英语必修三Unit3Grammar

do. f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句
时不用if.
1. I asked her _if_/_w__h_e_t_h_e_r she had a bike. 2. _W_h__e_th_e__r we will hold a party in the open
air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. We’re worried about _w__h_e_t_h_e_r he is safe. 4. I don’t know _w__h_e_th__e_r_/_if_ he is well or not. 5. I don’t know _w_h_e__th_e_r_ or not he is well. 6. The question is _w_h__e_th_e_r_ he should do it. 7. The doctor can hardly answer the question
Alicia Wang
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从 句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相 当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担
任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语
等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，
名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
{His job is important. What he does is important. This is his job.
1. I don’t think __(t_h_a_t_)_ she is coming. 2. It is a pity __t_h_a_t__ he has made such a
mistake. 3. The reason is ___th_a_t__ he is careless. 4. The news __t_h_a_t__ our team won the
that / what 1. _W__h_a_t_ he wants is a book. 2. _T_h_a_t__ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. The result is __t_h_a_t _ we won the game. 4. This is _w__h_a_t we want to know. 5. Is _w_h_a_t_ he told us true? 6. We should pay attention to _w__h_a_t_ the
_w_h_e__th_e_r_ the old man will recover soon. 8. I haven’t decided w__h_e_t_h_e_r to go there.
其它连接代词和副词的使用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义， 正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既具 有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在 从句中充当各种成分。
2. I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.
3. I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.
3个句子中的连词that, whether, if (是否)在名词性从句 中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。
Could you tell me where he lives? ( T ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( F )
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
(1) that 和what 的选用
that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性 从句。但是，what除起连接作用外， 还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从 句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在 名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起 连接作用。
他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me he had been away from his
_h_o_m_e_t_o_w_n__f_o_r_t_en__y_e_a_r_s_____________.
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher told us _li_g_h_t_t_ra_v_e_l_s_i_n_a__s_tr_a_i_g_h_t_l_in_e_.
主语从句
主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名 词性从句。
同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟 在一些抽象名词(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释 说明。
同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether
teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _t_h_a_t_ he will come. 8. I have no idea w__h_a_t he did that afternoon.
不能使用if 的情况:
a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句 e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to
宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、 介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)
that, whether, if (that常可省略) who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how
1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _W__h_e_n_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I don’t know __w__h_o___ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。
注意: A. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略， 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。 但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if 仅可 以用于宾语从句。
一、名词性从句的语序
(1) 名词性从句构成有两种 a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.
Tell the function of the following clauses.
They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us. He asked how much I paid for the violin. He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时, 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任 一种时态。
a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。
He believes _h_is__d_r_e_a_m__w_i_ll_c_o_m__e_t_r_u_e_s_o_m__e_d_a_y__ .
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。
Please tell me what you were doing _a_t_t_h_is_t_i_m_e__y_e_st_e_r_d_a_y_____________ .
match inspired us. 5. I don’t think it necessary _t_h_a_t_ you
should read English aloud. 6. He told me _(_th_a_t_)_ his father had died
and _t_h_a_t_ he had to make a living alone.
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过 去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、 自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me _h_e_w__a_s_p_r_e_p_a_r_in__g_f_o_r_t_h_e_e_x_a_m__in_a_t_i_o_n_.
that / whether / as if / as though (if不 引导表语从句) who / whom / whose / which / what
when / where / why / how / because
分析下列宾语从句中的连词
1. I don’t doubt (that) you will succeed.
{This is what he does every day.
{ I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day.
I don’t know about the man, Mr.
{ White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述 句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( F ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( T )