文学史名词解释120个-英汉对照
文学史名词解释
文学史名词解释1. 古诗：古代的诗歌形式，以五言、七言为主，用来表达感情和抒发思想。
古诗追求形式美、思想深雅，是我国文学史上重要的创作形式。
2. 古文：古代的散文形式，以散文体写作的文学作品。
古文追求语言的优美、真实和自然，是我国文学史上重要的创作形式。
3. 诗经：我国古代最早的一部诗歌总集，也是我国文学史上最早的文学创作典范之一。
诗经的内容丰富多样，涵盖了古代社会各个方面的内容，具有极高的文学价值。
4. 箴言：一种以简练的文字表达深刻道理和智慧思想的文学体裁，相当于谚语或箴言。
在我国文学史上，箴言作为一种文学表达形式，起到了普及和传承智慧的作用。
5. 诗赋：古代文人用于与文人交流、赞美美好事物、表达思想感情的一种文学形式，其特点是以韵律和修辞为基础，结构严整，语言华丽。
6. 唐诗：指创作于唐朝的诗歌作品，是我国文学史上最重要的一个时期。
唐诗以其丰富的内容、雄浑的气势和精湛的技巧展示了文人的才华，对后来的文学创作产生了深远影响。
7. 宋词：创作于宋朝的一种独特的诗歌形式，以表达爱情、抒发个人情感为主题，其艺术风格短小精炼、意境深远，给人以美的享受。
8. 文言文：古代汉语的书面语言，也是我国文学史上的一个重要文体，用于史书、经典和文学作品的创作。
其特点是语言正式、结构严谨，需要较高水平的阅读理解能力。
9. 白话文：指现代汉语的口头语言和书面语言，与文言文相对应。
白话文的特点是语言通俗易懂，是现代文学创作和日常交流的主要形式。
10. 散文：一种不受限于韵律和节奏的文学形式，以散文体写作的文学作品。
散文以其流畅的语言和丰富的思想内容受到了广大读者的喜爱。
11. 小说：一种以故事为主线，通过人物、事件和情节来反映社会生活和人类心理的文学形式。
小说是文学史上重要的创作形式之一，具有丰富的文化内涵和艺术魅力。
12. 戏曲：中国传统的一种文艺形式，通过音乐、舞蹈和演员的表演来展示故事情节和人物性格。
戏曲具有丰富的传统文化色彩，是我国文学史上不可或缺的一部分。
英国文学史名词解释2
名词解释Old English: the language of Anglo and Saxon people during 5and 11th centuryEpic: A long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes. In a grand ceremonious style .The hero, usually protected by or even descended from gods, performs superhuman exploits in battle or in marvelous voyages, often saving or founding a nation.Romance: the most popular literary form in the Middle Ages in Europe; A tale (in verse or prose) that deals with knightly adventures or other heroic deeds or supernatural or amorous subjects, and usually emphasizes the chivalric love.Ballad: A folk song or orally transmitted poem telling in a direct and dramatic manner some popular story usually derived form a tragic incident in local history or legend. Ballad are normally composed in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three- stress lines ,the second and fourth lines rhyming.Couplet(双行体)a pair of rhyming verse lines of the same length. Chauser established the use of couplet in his Canterbury Tales, using rhymed iambic pentameters later known as heroic coupletThe Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and 17th centuries. The rebirth of literature, art, and learning that progressively transformed European culture from the mid-14th century in Italy to the mid-17th century in England, strongly influenced by the rediscovery of classical Greek and Latin literature. The Renaissance is commonly held to mark the close of the middle Ages, and the beginning of the modern western world. The term normally refer to the combined intellectual and artistic transformation of the 15th 16th centuries, including the emergency of humanism, protestant individualism, Copernican astronomy, and the discovery of AmericaHumanism: it stands for devotion to human values represent in classical literature. it is the keynote or the dominate ideology during the RenaissanceSonnet：A lyric of fourteen lines usually in iambic pentameter. 1. Shakespearean sonnet: Also called English sonnet or Elizabethan Sonnet. It is structured of 3 quatrains and a final couplet with the rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg2. Petrarchan Sonnet: Also called Italian sonnet. It contains an octave with the rhyme pattern abba abba and a sestet of various rhyme Patterns such as cdecde or cdcdcd.3. Spenserian sonnet: comprising 3 quatrains and a couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc cdcd ee Ode is a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem of some length, praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally.Elegy Formal lyric poem lamenting the death of a friend or a public figure, or reflecting seriously on a solemn subject. Pastoral: a highly conventional mode of writing that celebrates the innocent life of shepherds or shepherdesses in poems, plays, and prose romance.Tragedies were concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice of life. They involved the trials and eventful death of aimportance, like kings, queens, prince, general, nobles.b. a tragic hero often a flawed good man; often the hero’s fall from happiness was due to a weakness in his character, by some great error in his part.c. supernatural beings are often involved in the conflict of human beings, like gods, spirits, witches, ghosts.d. sadness is mixed with horror, murder, treachery, andblood-shedding.Catharsis or Cathartic effect of tragedies: Tragedies give an outlet for such emotions as greed, hatred, lust, fear and pity. The audience feel relieved or purged when they leave the theatre.Comedy deals with ordinary people in everyday situations, it deals with ordinary people in a humble style, usually beginning with misfortune and ending with joy. The purpose of comedy is chiefly to entertain people, but some have moral and corrective purposes, to ridicule and satirize human weaknesses.Comedy of humor according to the comedy of humor, each of characters in the play has some dominating passion or peculiar quality such as jealousy, greedy and comedy of humor mainly satires these humors demonstrated the characters in the play. Ben Jonson has been chiefly known for his comedy of humorsSoliloquy is the act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud. In drama it denotes the convention by which a character, alone on the stage, utters his or her thoughts aloud. Playwrights have used this device as a convenient way to convey information about a character’s motives and state of mind, or for purpose of exposition, and sometimes in order to guide the judgments and responses of the audience.Allegory: is a fictional narrative or artistic expression that conveys a symbolic meaning parallel to but distinct from and more important than the literary meaning.Dramatic irony involves the reader (or audience) knowing something about what's happening in the plot, about which the character(s) have no knowledge. Dramatic irony can be used in comedies and tragedies, and it works to engage the reader, as one is drawn into what is happening. The audience may sympathize with the character, who does not know the true situation. Or, the reader may see the character as blind or ignorant (as with Oedipus). The clues may be rather obvious, but the character may be unwilling to recognize the truth.The term“metaphysical” indicates a common poetic style, use of figurative language, and way of organizing the meditative process or the poetic argument.This term is now applied to a group of 17th century poets who, whether or not directly influenced by Done, employ similar poetic procedures and imagery, both in secular poetry( Cleveland, Marvell, Cowley) and in religious poetry(Herbert, Vaughan, Crashaw, and Traherne). The term was coined by John Dryden (1693): "He affects the metaphysicsMetaphysical ConceitIn general, the metaphysical conceit will use some sort of shocking or unusual comparison as the basis for the metaphor. When it works, a metaphysical conceit has a startling appropriateness that makes us look at something in an entirely new way. DrawsHeroic drama: A kind of tragedy or tragicomedy that came into vogue with the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660. Influenced by French classical tragedy and its dramatic unities (time, place, action), it aimed at epic (heroic) grandeur, usually by means of bombast, exotic settings and lavish scenery. The noble hero would typically be caught in a conflict between love and patriotic duty, leading to emotional scenes presented in a manner close to opera. The leading English exponent of heroic drama was John Dryden: hid the conquest of Granada (1670-1) and Aureng-Zebe (1675) were both written in heroic couplets. the Enlightenment movementA general term applied to the movement of the intellectual liberation that developed in Western Europe from the late 17th century to the late 18th century( the age of reason)。
美国文学史名词解释
1.American Puritanism清教It comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.Characteristics: 特点1. Idealistic: Puritans pursue the purity and simplicity in worship. They focuse the glory of God, and the angry God.They believe in the doctrine of destiny, original sin, limited atonement2. Practical: Puritans come to Amrican to do business and make profits with the desire of chasing wealth and status. They have to struggle for survival under the severity of the western frontier.3 .The struggle between the spiritual and the material is the basics of the Puritan mind. On the one hand, Puritans chase the purity of the early church.On the other hand, they come to America to earn money. This contradictory will be reflected by their thoughts.4. In a word, it rests on purity, ambition, harding work, and an intense struggling for success.2.Romanticism浪漫主义: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography.3.Transcendentalism先验说,超越论:is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.4.American Realism现实主义: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience5.Local colorism乡土文学: is a type of writing that was popular in the late 19th century, particularly among the authors in the south of the U.S.. this style relied heavily on using words, phrases, and slang that were native to the particular region in which the story took place. local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的)humor. A well-known local colorism author was Mark Twain with his books Tom Sowyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.6.Naturalism自然主义: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.It was initiated in France. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变）that undermined the comforting faith of an ear lier age. America’s literary naturalists attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.7.Stream of consciousness意识流：It is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing thatattempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly。
外国文学史名词解释整理版
1、狂飙突进运动：18世纪70年代有德国一批青年作家发起的文学运动，由可林格尔的剧本《狂飙突进》而得名。
它是德国启蒙运动的继续和发张。
运动充分肯定个人的地位和个性的自由发展，崇尚感情，肯定“自然”，推崇“天才”，带有狂热的个人主义倾向的反叛精神。
它在反封建和强调文学的民族性方面产生强烈影响。
由于历史条件的限制，这场运动只局限在文学领域，到80年代中期便开始衰退。
青年时期的歌德和席勒是这一运动的主要代表。
2、感伤主义：亦称“主情主义”、“前浪漫主义”，因斯特恩的小说《感伤旅行》而得名。
它产生于英国工业革命之后，反映了中、小资产阶级的感伤情绪。
这一派作家用感情和仁爱代替理性作为批判工具，着意刻画人的内心活动和描写人的不幸遭遇，以唤起读者的同情和共鸣。
不少作品常常流露出悲观绝望的情调。
感伤主义影响了狄德罗、卢梭等作家，对浪漫主义的产生和发展有较大的影响。
3、湖畔派：18世纪末到19世纪初期，英国第一代浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚赛等，因憎恶资本主义而隐居在昆布兰湖区，同时创作了大量歌颂大自然、缅怀中古，讴歌宗法制农村生活和诅咒城市文明的诗篇。
这些人被称为“湖畔派”。
他们的诗歌理论和创作实践在推动英国诗歌的改革和浪漫主义运动的发展方面曾经起过积极的作用。
4、拜伦式英雄：“拜伦式英雄”指拜伦作品中经常出现的一类艺术典型。
他们的共同特点是：对当时社会的反感、蔑视、性格阴郁孤傲、追求自由，具有个人主义、无政府主义的反叛精神，伤感情调很重。
他们有时候挺身而出保护被压迫者，反抗强暴者，但基本上没有明确的斗争目的。
《盗贼》中的康拉德就是一个典型的例子。
拜伦的大本分作品都有这类典型。
5.古希腊抒情诗古希腊抒情诗盛行于公元前7世纪至公元前5世纪，大多用来歌唱。
它源于民歌，分为箫歌（或称哀歌）、琴歌和讽刺诗几种，分别以排箫或竖琴伴唱。
诗的内容主要是歌颂神和英雄、赞美爱情等。
最著名的是女诗人萨福，她的诗篇大多抒发恋爱的欢乐和痛苦，友谊和母爱的可贵，风格细腻，感情真挚。
文学史的名词解释
文学史的名词解释文学史作为一门学科，研究着文学的发展演变和创作流派。
它通过对文学作品、作家和文学流派的深入分析，揭示了文学发展的法则和内在逻辑。
在文学史的研究过程中，涉及到许多专有名词，这些名词往往是理解文学史的关键。
本文将针对文学史中常见的一些名词进行解释和探讨，以期帮助读者更好地理解文学史的复杂性和魅力。
1. 流派流派是文学史中最为常见的名词之一，它指的是某一特定时期或地区内具有独特风格或共同主题的一群作家和作品。
流派的形成往往与社会背景、时代精神以及特定文学传统的延续有关。
不同的流派代表了不同的文学思潮和审美取向，其作品往往具有共同的艺术特点和表现形式。
例如，浪漫主义、现实主义和现代主义都是文学史上著名的流派。
2. 古代文学古代文学是指远古时期到近代前的文学作品，其传统代表了一个国家或民族的文化传承和精神特质。
古代文学具有浓厚的历史感和文化积淀，其中包含着人们对生活、道德和存在的思考和解读。
古代文学作品往往具有象征性和神话色彩，并且常常与宗教信仰和神话故事紧密相连。
例如，中国的《诗经》和古希腊的《伊利亚特》都是古代文学的经典之作。
3. 现代文学现代文学是指近代以来的文学作品，其特点是对传统文学形式的突破和对现实社会的反映。
现代文学的出现与近代社会变革的需要以及科学技术的进步密切相关，它强调对个体权利和自由的关注，同时也关注对社会问题的思考和批判。
现代文学的创作形式更加多样化和开放，涉及到小说、诗歌、戏剧等不同的文学体裁。
例如，约翰·斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》都是现代文学的杰作。
4. 文学理论文学理论是对文学作品和文学现象进行系统研究和分析的学科，其目的是揭示文学创作的本质和规律。
文学理论主要关注文学作品的艺术性和美学特征，通过对文学形式、风格和技巧的研究，提供了更深入的解读和解释。
文学理论的发展与文学批评学的兴起密不可分，它们相互促进、相互补充，为文学研究提供了更加系统和全面的视角。
外国文学史名词解释全新 整理
外国文学史名词解释全新整理C 代表章节C----1古希腊文学------古罗马文学------早期基督教文学------希腊神话------神的故事----英雄传说-------荷马史诗-----------古希腊三大悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯、欧里庇得死------古希腊喜剧之父阿里斯托芬C----2中世纪文学---教会文学----骑士文学-----英雄史诗和谣曲------城市文学------韵文故事（笑谭）-------- 神曲-----C-----3文艺复兴时期-----人本主义-----十日谈----巨人转-----流浪汉小说------大学才子------骑士小说形式---福斯塔夫式背景-----七星诗社-----莎士比亚四大悲剧----十四行诗----框架式结构C------417世纪文学------唯理主义----巴洛克文学---法国古典主义----三一律-----英国资产阶级文学C------518世纪文学-----启蒙运动----感伤主义文学(英国)---哥特式小说----严肃戏剧（正剧）----作品修女-------狂飙突击运动----魏玛古典主义-----哲理小说C------6浪漫主义文学----湖畔派（英国）-----耶拿派（德国）-----海德堡派（德国）-----边疆系列小说（美国）------草叶集（草叶）---拜伦式英雄------雨果（美丑对照原则）-------多余人C-------719世纪文学------批判现实主义文学--------无产阶级文学---象征主义文学----唯美主义文学--- 俄国（自然派----多余人-----小人物）------美国废奴文学----红与黑---人间喜剧-----宪章派文学德国工人诗歌C-------8自然主义文学---巴黎公社文学—托尔斯泰主义---樱桃园----自传性三部曲-------心灵辩证法---忏悔贵族-----社会问题剧----C-------920世纪文学------战壕真实派----一寸土文学----解冻文学----罗斯塔之窗----全景文学---长河小说----陌生化效果----萨姆金精神----迷惘的一代---冰山原则----硬汉子性格C-------10现代主义文学----后期象征主义文学----表现主义文学---意识流小说-----未来主义-----超现实主义-------达达主义----卡夫卡式小说和三部曲C--------11存在主义文学-----荒诞派戏剧-----新小说派-----黑色幽默------魔幻现实主义-----垮掉的一代----境遇剧----第二十二条军规—C---------12东方上古文学------亡灵书----旧约---奥利西斯-----迦梨陀娑-----印度史诗----C----------13阿拉伯文学（悬诗）------日本（万叶集）-----俳句----印度（法式时期）------波斯（柔巴依）高丽文学双璧-------源氏物语男女主人公-----物语文学C----------14日本（白桦派）-----新思潮派-----爱情三部曲（夏目漱石）------C-----------15日本新感觉派-----埃及现代派（旅美派）（叙美派）-----戈丹----C-------16日本战后派-------第三新人作家--------雪国------马哈福兹三部曲（宫间街、思宫街、甘露街）。
文学史名词解释
中国文学史4一、名词解释1、前七子：出现于明弘治、正德年间，成员包括李梦阳、何景明、徐祯卿、边贡、康海、王九思和王廷相七人，代表人物是李梦阳、何景明，倡言“文必秦汉，诗必盛唐”在反对台阁休诗风中起过重要作用，但也将文学创作引向了拟古主义的道路。
2、后七子：明嘉靖、隆庆年间的文学流派。
成员包括李攀龙、王世贞、谢榛、宗臣、梁有誉、徐中行和吴国伦。
以李攀龙、王世贞为代表。
因在前七子之后，故称后七子；又有"嘉靖七子"之名。
后七子继承前七子的文学主张，同样强调"文必秦汉，诗必盛唐"，以汉魏、盛唐为楷模，较前七子更绝对。
他们复古拟古，主格调，讲法度，互相标榜，广立门户，声势更浩大，从而把明代文学的复古倾向推向高潮。
3、茶陵诗派：从明成化到弘治年间，台阁体诗文创作趋向衰落与消退，这一时期对文坛有着重要影响的则是茶陵诗派。
茶陵派以李东阳为主。
李东阳提出诗学汉唐的复古主张。
他的有些作品摆脱了台阁体的束缚，表现出更为广阔的生活视角，刻画了作者个人的真情实感。
17、唐宋派：是出现在明代中期嘉靖年间，以反拨李梦阳、何景明为代表的前七子的复古理论为主要目标的文学派别，其主要代表人物是王慎中、唐顺之、茅坤和归有光。
他们的基本观点是反对以文采取代道统，主张恢复唐宋八大家的散文传统，倡导文道统一。
4、阳羡派：清代陈维崧的词师法苏、辛，尤其接近辛弃疾豪放苍凉的词风。
陈维崧属江苏宜兴人，宜兴古地名称“阳羡”，所以陈维崧为代表的词派被称为“阳羡派”。
属于这一词派的作家还有蒋士铨等。
5、浙西词派：朱彝尊是浙西词派开创者，与李良年、龚翔麟、沈蚌日、李符、沈岸登称为“浙西六家”，他推尊词体，宗法南宋，以姜夔、张炎为圭臬，还与汪森辑录《词综》，主张以雅正矫正显露，归于醇雅。
要求词有古雅峭拔的格调，疏淡清远的意境，严谨和谐的音律。
6、公安派：指明代后期以袁宏道为首，包括袁宗道、袁中道在内的文学派别，因他们三兄弟是湖北公安人，故称“公安派”。
英国文学史：名词解释
Epic:A long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language,celebrating the great deeds of a legendary or traditional heroesRomance:A tale in verse,it describes the life and adventures of knights.The content of romance was usually about love,chivalry and religion.①The matter of France:tales centering about Charlemagne,Eg:Chanson de Roland.②The matter of Greece and Rome:series tales about Alexander.③The matter of Britain:tales about Arthur and his knights of the Round Table. Spenserian Stanza:It’s a verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet,with the rhyme scheme ababbcbccHeroic couplet:A verse unit consisting of a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter line.Popular ballads:a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Types of ballads:historical,legendary,fantastical,lyrical,humorous.Renaissance:The term Renaissance indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman) arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.Indeed, a great number of the works of classical authors were translated into English during the 16th century,Blank verse:Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.Sonnet:A form of poetry intricately rhymed in 14lines iambic pentameter.Essay:①It is a short written composition that discusses a subject or proposes an argument without claiming to be a complete or thorough exposition.②As a minor literal form, the essay is often flexible in style and differs from formal academic dissertation.Parallelism:Similarity if structure in a pair or series of related words,phrases or clauses Allegory:An allegory in its most general sense is an extended metaphor,containing literal meaning and figurative meaning.Enlightenment: a revival of interest in the old classical works, logic, order, restrainedemotion and accuracy.In this movement reason was advocated as primacy source for legitimacy and authority.It was also known as “Age of Reason”.It advocated”liberty、equality、fraternity”Romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature. Sentimentalism: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.Lake Poets: the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century.Byronic Heroes: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character( enthusiasm, persistence, pursuing freedom), named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.Elegy: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lamentover the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. Realism:Realism sought to portray familiar characters,situations,and setting in a realistic manner.This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.。
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文学史名词解释120个-英汉对照文学史名词解释120个-英汉对照1.Allegory (寓言)A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。
2.Alliteration (头韵)Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。
3.Allusion (典故)A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.典故：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反映的特定人物，地点，事件，文学作品的引用。
4.Analogy (类比)A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。
5. Antagonist (反面主角)The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroine of a narrative or drama.11.Atmosphere (氛围)The prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work.12. Autobiography (自传)A person‘s account of his or her own life.13. Ballad (民谣)A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung.14. Ballad Stanza (民谣诗节)A type of four-line stanza, the first and the third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses.15. Biography (传记)A detailed account of a person‘s life written by another person.传记：由他人篆写的关于某人生平的详细记录。
16.Blank Verse (无韵体诗)Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.17. Caesura (休止)A break or pause in a line of poetry.18. Canto (章)One of the principal divisions of a long poem..诗章：一首长诗的主要部分之一。
19. Caricature (夸张讽刺)The use of exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear comicor ridiculous.夸张讽刺：为了使文中的人物显得可笑而使用的夸张或扭曲人物形象的手法。
20. Characterization (人物刻画)The means by which a writer reveals the personality of a character. 人物刻画：作者表现作品中人物性格的方法。
21. Classicism (古典主义)A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。
22. Climax (高潮)The point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a narrative.23. Comedy (喜剧)A dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict.喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决24. Conceit (奇想)A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things.奇想：一种在截然不同的事物之间建立起的比喻。
25. Conflict (冲突)A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。
26. Connotation (外延)All the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse. 外延：包括单词字面意思之外的或被该词汇唤起的全部内涵的意义。
27. Consonance (辅音韵)The repetition of consonants or a consonant pattern, especially at the ends of words.辅音韵：辅音或辅音模式的重复，尤指位于词尾的。
28. Couplet (双韵体)A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit.双韵体：包括两个相连的诗行的一种诗的单位，通常压韵并具有同样的格律，经常组成一个完整的意思和句法单位29. Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)A couplet written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic couplet.英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。
30. Denotation (内涵)The literal or dictionary meaning of a word.直接意义：一个词的字面意义或词典意义。
31. Denouement (结局)The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.结局：戏剧或叙事场景的最后结果。
32. Diction (措辞)A writer‘s choice and use of words in speech or writing, particula rly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.措词：讲话或书写中，出于表述清晰，言简意赅对词语的使用或选择。
33. Dissonance (不协和)A harsh or disagreeable combination of sounds; discord.34. Dramatic monologue (戏剧独白)A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.35. Elegy (挽歌)A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.挽歌，挽诗：专门为悼念某一死者所写的诗或歌.36. Emblematic Image (象征)A verbal picture of figure with a long tradition of moral or religious meaning attached to it.37. Epic (史诗)An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language,celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero.史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩38. Epigram (隽语)A concise, clever, often paradoxical statement, susally in the form of a poem.隽语：一个简明，机智，常常似是而非的陈述,经常以诗的形式出现39. Epigraph (引语/开场白)A motto or quotation at the beginning of a literary composition, setting forth a theme.引语：在一部文学作品开头的引言，警句，阐明主题40. Epilogue (结语/收场白)A short addition or concluding section at the end of a literary work, often dealing with the future of its characters. Also called In this sense, also called afterword结语：文学作品结束时简短的附加或总结性章节，常常关于作品人物的未来也作在此意义上也可称作afterword.41. Epiphany(顿悟)A moment of illumination, usually occurrs at or near the end of a work.顿悟:对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察,通常出现在作品的结尾.42. Epitaph(墓志铭)An inscription on a tombstone or in a short poem in memory of someone who has been dead.墓志铭：刻于墓碑上用以怀念死者的碑铭.43. Epithet (表述词语)A term used to characterize a person or thing。