Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect Essay因果的一些说明 精选文档
? Ex. A dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting--but faulty spark plugs (火花塞故障) or an empty gas tank will have the same effect.
? Did I distinguish between primary (most important) and secondary (ancillary) effects?
Writing the Cause and Effect Essay
? Read through the hand-outs on how to organize and write a cause and effect essay.
? Contributory Cause - one that helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself.
? Ex. Running a red light might help to cause an accident....though other facts -- pedestrians or other cars in the intersection -- must also be present.
Kinds of Causal Relations
? Necessary Cause - one that must be present for the effect to occur.
Cause_and_Effect
the result of the effect of the consequence of have an effect on the reason for as a result of It follows that the cause of for fear that owe…to seeing that
Tree diagram of single-cause-many effects
Effect one Effect two Effect three
Cause
Outline 1: (If we develop in the side-by-side pattern, we have to keep all the effects, whether negative or positive, at the same order, just like the organisation below.) 1. The cause: I went back to college after ten years of being a housewife. 2. Negative effects: a. My husband feels worried; b. My children have less care from their mother than before; c. I do not have enough time to take care of the family. 3. Positive effects: a. My husband is learning to look after his children; b. My children are learning to be more independent; c. I am learning a lot and becoming more intelligent.
英语高级写作 cause+and+effectppt课件
block organization
• In block organization, you first discuss all the causes as a block (in one, two, three, or more paragraphs, depending on the number of causes). Then you discuss all the effects together as a block. You can discuss either causes or effects first. Of course, you can also discuss only causes or only effects.
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Block Organization
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Blok 1
• Work out the outline of the essay with your teammates.
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Chain Organization
• In this pattern, causes and effects are linked to each other in a chain. One event causes a second event, which in turn causes a third event, which in turn causes a fourth event, and so on. Each new cause and its effect are links in a chain. Depending on the complexity of the ideas in each link, you can devote an entire paragraph to one link, or you may include several links in one paragraph, or you may describe the entire chain in one paragraph. Chain organization usually works better than block organization when the causes and effects are too closely linked to be separated. Notice the chain pattern in the following diagram.
Unit 4 Cause and Effect
Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Cause & Effect
3. What types of the cause and effect pattern are academically put forth? Four types of cause and effect pattern are usually academically put forth: a. single cause --- single effect pattern (一因一果模式) e.g. Mary failed the exam because she did not study hard. b. multiple causes --- single effect pattern (多因一果模式) When we analyze the causes of something, sometimes it may involve a number of factors or multiple causes which produce the single effect. The causes may be unrelated to each other, but all are linked to the effect. This pattern starts with an effect and explain its causes. It can be diagramed as follows: Cause 1 --Cause 2 --- Effect Cause 3 ---
Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Cause & Effect
3. What types of the cause and effect pattern are academically put forth? Four types of cause and effect pattern are usually academically put forth: d. the causal chain pattern (因果关系链模式) Unlike the multiple cause and effect analysis, the causes and effects in a causal chain are always directly related or linked. In this pattern, each cause has an effect, which can be the cause of another effect, so on and so forth. This can be illustrated as follows: Cause 1--- Effect 1--- cause 2 --- Effect 2 --- cause 3 --- effect 3 --- cause 4 --effect 4
cause和effect结构范文
cause和effect结构范文Title: Why I'm Always Late The Cause and Effect Story.Introduction.Hey, you know that one person who's always late? Well, that's me. And today I'm going to spill the beans on the causes of my lateness and the hilarious (or sometimes not so hilarious) effects it has.Cause 1: The Snooze Button Temptation.Oh, that snooze button on my alarm clock is like a siren song. Every morning, my alarm goes off at 7:00 am. But instead of getting up right away, I think to myself, "Just five more minutes." And those five minutes turninto fifteen, then twenty. You see, my bed is just so warm and cozy, like a little nest. And the outside world seems so cold and uninviting. So, I keep hitting that snooze button, thinking I can still make it on time.Effect 1: The Mad Dash.As a result of my snooze button induced delay, I end up having to do everything in a mad dash. I'm running around the house looking for my keys (which are usually in the most obvious place, like right on the table, butI'm too panicked to notice). I'm trying to put on my clothes while also grabbing a piece of toast to eat. I look like a crazy person, and I'm sureif anyone saw me, they'd think I was being chased by a monster. By the time I get to the door, I'm already out of breath, and I still have to make itto my destination.Cause 2: The "Just One More Thing" Syndrome.Before leaving the house, I always seem to get caught up in the "just one more thing" syndrome. I'll be all set to go, shoes on, keys in hand,and then I think, "Oh, I should check my email really quick." Or "I better water the plants before I leave." It's like my brain suddenly remembers all these little tasks that could have waited until later. But no, I have to do them right then and there.Effect 2: Traffic Trouble.Because of my "just one more thing" delays, I often end up hitting the peak of traffic. I'm sitting in my car, inching forward, and cursing myself for not leaving earlier. I see all the other cars around me, and I wonderif they're all as late as I am. The radio announcer's voice is like background noise as I stress about getting to my appointment on time. Sometimes, I'm so late that I start to consider if I could just teleport to my destination.Cause 3: Getting Distracted by My Phone.My phone is like a little black hole of distraction. I could be in the middle of getting ready, and then a notification pops up. It could be a funny meme from a friend or an interesting news article. And I'm like amoth to a flame. I stop what I'm doing and start scrolling through my phone. Before I know it, ten minutes have passed, and I'm still engrossed in whatever is on my screen.Effect 3: Awkward Entrances.When I finally do arrive at my destination, it's usually with an awkward entrance. If it's a meeting, everyone turns to look at me as I sheepishly walk in. I try to come up with some excuse, but most of the time,it's pretty obvious that I'm just late. And then I have to spend the rest of the time trying to catch up and feeling a bit embarrassed.Conclusion.So, there you have it. The causes of my lateness the snooze button, the "just one more thing" syndrome, and my phone distraction all lead to some pretty crazy effects like mad dashes, traffic trouble, and awkward entrances. I know I should probably work on being more punctual, but for now, this is just how it is. And who knows, maybe one day I'll surprise everyone (including myself) and be on time for once.。
英语因果知识点总结
英语因果知识点总结Introduction:Cause and effect is a fundamental concept in English and in many other languages. It is the understanding that actions, events, or circumstances lead to certain results or consequences. This concept is commonly used in writing, conversation, and everyday communication.Understanding cause and effect helps to articulate relationships between different elements and helps to make logical connections. In this comprehensive overview, we will explore the various aspects of cause and effect in English, including the grammatical structure, usage, and common transitions used to express cause and effect.Part 1: The Grammatical Structure of Cause and EffectIn English, cause and effect relationships can be expressed using several grammatical structures. The most common structures include:1. Simple Present Tense: This structure is used to express general truths or habitual actions. For example, "Smoking causes lung cancer."2. Present Continuous Tense: This structure is used to express an action that is happening at the same time as its consequence. For example, "She is eating too much, so she is gaining weight."3. Simple Past Tense: This structure is used to express an action that happened before its consequence. For example, "He missed the bus, so he was late for work."4. Present Perfect Tense: This structure is used to express an action that has a result in the present. For example, "I have studied English for many years, so I can speak it fluently." Part 2: Using Common Transitions to Express Cause and EffectTransitions are words or phrases that help to connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. In English, specific transitions are commonly used to express cause and effect relationships. Some of the most common transitions for cause and effect include:1. Because: This transition is used to introduce a cause. For example, "I couldn't sleep because I drank too much coffee."2. Since: This transition is used to introduce a cause, especially when it is related to a specific time. For example, "Since it was raining, we stayed indoors."3. As a result: This transition is used to introduce a consequence. For example, "He didn't study, and as a result, he failed the test."4. Consequently: This transition is used to introduce a consequence. For example, "She missed the train, consequently, she arrived late."5. Therefore: This transition is used to introduce a consequence. For example, "He was sick, therefore, he couldn't attend the meeting."Part 3: Common Idioms and Expressions for Cause and EffectIn addition to grammatical structures and transitions, there are also many common idioms and expressions in English that are used to express cause and effect. Some of these include:1. "To give rise to": This expression means to be the cause of something. For example, "The economic crisis gave rise to widespread unemployment."2. "To lead to": This expression means to cause a particular result. For example, "His reckless behavior led to his downfall."3. "As a consequence of": This expression means as a result of something. For example, "As a consequence of the heavy rain, the streets were flooded."4. "In light of": This expression means considering something as a result of new information. For example, "In light of recent events, we have decided to change our strategy."Part 4: Common Pitfalls and MisunderstandingsWhile understanding cause and effect relationships in English, there are some common pitfalls and misunderstandings that learners often encounter. These include:1. Confusing correlation with causation: It is important to distinguish between correlation (where two events or circumstances occur together) and causation (where one event or circumstance directly causes another). For example, "The rooster crows at sunrise, but it doesn't cause the sun to rise."2. Overusing "because": While "because" is a common transition for expressing cause and effect, it is important to vary sentence structures and transitions to avoid monotony in writing and speech.3. Failing to consider multiple causes or effects: Many situations have multiple causes or multiple effects. It is important to consider all possible factors when discussing cause and effect relationships.Conclusion:Understanding cause and effect is essential for effective communication in English. By understanding the grammatical structures, using common transitions, and being aware of idioms and expressions, learners can confidently and accurately express cause and effect relationships in their writing and speech. Additionally, by being mindful of common pitfalls and misunderstandings, learners can avoid errors and improve their overall communication skills. Cause and effect is a powerful tool for connecting ideas and conveying relationships, and by mastering this concept, learners can enhance their proficiency in the English language.。
Unit-4-Cause-and-EffectPPT演示课件
检测); d. A relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the
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Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Cause & Effect
3. What types of the cause and effect pattern are academically put forth? Four types of cause and effect pattern are usually academically put forth: d. the causal chain pattern (因果关系链模式) For instance, an overweight smoker is inactive because of shortness of breath. He
factors or multiple causes which produce the single effect. The causes may be unrelated to each other, but all are linked to the effect. This pattern starts with an effect and explain its causes. It can be diagramed as follows: Cause 1 --Cause 2 --- Effect Cause 3 ---
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Task 1: Familiarizing Yourself with Cause & Effect
cause and effect
( 2) 由介词短语引起结果状语来表达。 As a result 意为 结果, 因此, 直接在句中作状语, 引出句子, 表示结果。 He was ill. As a result, we had to put off our meeting.
2. 还可以由动词短语来表达 由强调原因的短语来表达。例如: result…from , arise from, ascribe…to Emotional or mental problems can result ( arise ) from a physical cause. He ascribed his failure to bad luck. 3.分词短语作状语表示原因更是常见。 Being a party member, he is ready to go anywhere and do anything for the party. Inspired by the excellent situation, the workers worked even harder.
3 通过结果状语从句来表达因果关系。 ( 强调结果 )通过从属连词 so…that, such…that 等引起的。That 有时省略. It was so dark ( that ) they couldn’t see each other’s faces. There was such a draught( that) it is no wonder he caught a cold.
因果关系还可以由动词和表示原因、 三、因果关系还可以由动词和表示原因、 动机及理由的介词连用来表达
1. from He acted from a sense of duty. 2. at 常和表示情绪或感情的动词连用表示愿因。 They’re juiced at the news of his safe return. 可以这么用的动词还有 wonder, marvel, tremble, shudder, hesitate, laugh等。
因果关系cause-and-effect
3. Use some words or phrases that used for discussing cause and effect when it is necessary.
Sample 3
The two-day weekend is sincerely popular with college students. It offers students more leisure time for their hobbies and entertainments, which help them relax completely after five-day hard work. It also relieves the pressure on them from too many courses and assignments. Therefore, many students try to enjoy themselves in many interesting ways such as going camping and having a potluck party.(effect-causes-effect)
Useful Words and Expressions
Because , since, for, as , because of, due to, owing to, as a
result of ,result from, on account of ,on the ground of ,thanks to ,on the ground that, for the sake of, attribute…to… Therefore, so, as a result, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, because of this, thus, hence, for this reason, result in, lead to, contribute to, be responsible for, so that……
cause-and-effectPPT课件
Factory jobs attracted people.
Better schools attracted families to move
to the city.
Places of leisure, entertainment, and culture
3
• In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. Explain the causes of this phenomenon.
targets far away from the launch site.
Recently, as a result the development of
nuclear power, a rocket with a nuclear
warhead can be the result of the deaths of
2
• Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow basic paragraph format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details. For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes.
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Four patterns of cause-effect relationship
Single-cause-single-effect pattern Single-cause-many-effects pattern Many-causes-single-effect pattern Causal chain pattern
Outline 2: ( If we develop the controlling idea in the point-bypoint method, we pair the same object (person) with both positive and negative effects.) 1. The cause: I went back to college after ten years of being a housewife. 2. The effects on my husband: My husband feels worried, but he is learning to look after his children. 3. The effects on my children Though my children have less care from their mother than before, they are learning to be more independent. 4. The effects on myself I do not have enough time to take care of the family. However, I am learning a lot and becoming more intelligent.
Examples:
This surge of demand for oil will soon begin to send shock waves through America's economy and transportation system. There are many reasons why languages change, but three major causes help illustrate the concept. (Thirty-six per cent of the freshmen entering a large New York university are dismissed during or at the end of the first year.) Studies indicate that this alarming rate of failure is due to a variety of causes, some of which are beyond the control of the student.
The topic sentence indicates that the paragraph focuses on the causes. According to official statistics, more than 10,000
people in the country were killed in car accidents last year. The increasing rate of car accidents can be attributed to three general causes. Mechanical problems of cars, such as faulty brakes, bald tires, and flat tires, contribute to the high rate of car accidents. Environmental problems, such as blind corners, narrow streets, heavy fog, slippery roads cause a significant number of disasters. Such errors of human problems as excessive speed and drunken driving are considered the major factor of the fatal accidents. If drivers had been careful, many needless slaughters in car accidents could haf causal chain: ( cause 1) → ( effect 1) = ( cause 2 ) ↓ (effect 2) = (cause 3) ↓ effect 3
How to write a paragraph by cause-effect
The topic sentence of a cause-effect paragraph should indicate the focus of the paragraph: causes or effects. If the topic sentence states a cause, most probably, the paragraph will focus on effects; thus, the supporting sentences of the paragraph are to predict the effects. Otherwise, if the topic sentence states an effect, most probably, the paragraph will focus on the causes of the effect; then the supporting sentences of the paragraph is to examine the causes. The concluding sentence usually summarizes the causes examined in the development, or restates the topic sentence, or suggests what measures should be taken based on the causes or effects, or predicts what is going to happen in the future, or raises a related question after the analysis of the causes or effects.
Tree diagram of many-causes-single-effect
Cause one Cause two Cause three
Effect
Effect: Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit. Causes: 1) The cost of cigarettes is high. 2) The hidden cost of clean-up of clothing stuffs, furniture and carpet is high.
(1) In some areas of the world, you can find many people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and it is not unusual to see people aged 110 to 140 work physical work Cause 1:in the fields with their great-great- grandchildren. (2) What accounts for this ability to survive to such an old age, and to survive so well? (3) Cause a way of life for all of these long lived First of all, hard physical work is2: healthful environment people. (4) They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. (5) Second, they get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. (6) They all come from mountainous Cause 3: isolation from the society regions at elevations of 1,660 to 4,000 meters above sea level. (7) The air is pollution-free and has less oxygen, which makes the heart and blood Cause may contribute to vessel system stronger. (8) Another factor that 4: inherited factors the good health is their isolation. (9) To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. (10) Inherited factors also play Cause 5: diet some role. (11) Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also lived to be very old. (12) Finally, although these people don't eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. (13) They eat little animal meat, but a lot of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese, and milk.