13-3 SMS - Safety Management System

Introduction of Safety Management SystemsBy I Afzal1OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES1. Introduction to Safety Management Systems 2. Development of a Major Accident Prevention Policy 3. Elements of Safety Management Systems 4. ISM Code2SIGTTO : 1.9.1, 1.9.2, 1.11.1, 1.11.2, 1.12.1Safety Management Systems3Safety Safety Management Management System System (SMS) (SMS)ƒ It is recognised that the safe functioning of an establishment depends on its overall management. ƒ The Safety Management System should reflect the topdown commitment and the safety culture of the operator’s organization.4Safety Safety Management Management System System (SMS) (SMS)ƒ Within this overall management system, the safe operation of an establishment requires the implementation of : 1.A system of structures 2. Responsibilities and procedures with the appropriate resources and technological solutions available5Development of A Major Accident Prevention Policy6Accident Accident Prevention Prevention Policy Policyƒ The major accident prevention policy should be established in writing and should include the operator’s overall aims and principles of action with respect to the control of major accident hazards.7Developing Developing Accident Accident Prevention Prevention Policy PolicyThe document should take account of the principles in the following seven areas: ƒ Organization and personnel ƒ Identification and evaluation of major hazards ƒ Operational control ƒ Management of change ƒ Planning for emergencies ƒ Monitoring performance ƒ Audit and review8Elements Elements of of Safety Safety Management Management Systems Systems9 Organization and personnel 9 Hazard identification and evaluation 9 Operational control 9 Management of change 9 Planning for emergencies 9 Monitoring performance 9 Audit and review9Organisation Organisation and and Personnel PersonnelOrganization & Personnel aspects should be focused on: ƒ The roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in the management of major hazards at all levels in the organization. ƒ The involvement of employees and, where appropriate, sub-contractors. ƒ The identification of training needs of such personnel and the provision of the training so identified. The Safety Management System should reflect the topdown commitment and the safety culture of the operator’s organization10Hazard Hazard identification identification and and evaluation evaluationThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: Identification and evaluation of major hazards : ƒ Adoption and implementation of procedures for systematically identifying major hazards arising from normal and abnormal operation and ƒ The assessment of their likelihood and severity.11Operational Operational Control ControlThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: Operational control Adoption and implementation of procedures and instructions for safe operation, including maintenance, of plant, processes, equipment and temporary stoppages. Safe working practices should be defined for all activities relevant for operational safety.12Management Management of of Change ChangeThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: ƒ Management of change adoption and implementation of procedures for planning modifications to, or the design of new installations, processes or storage facilities ƒ The operator should adopt and implement management procedures for planning and controlling all changes in personnel, plant, processes and process variables, materials, equipment, procedures, software, design or external circumstances which are capable of affecting the control of major accident hazards.13Planning Planning for for Emergencies EmergenciesThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: ƒ Planning for emergencies adoption and implementation of procedures to identify foreseeable emergencies by systematic analysis and to prepare, test and review emergency plans to respond to such emergencies.14Monitoring Monitoring Performance PerformanceThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: Monitoring performance ƒ adoption and implementation of procedures for the ongoing assessment of compliance with the objectives set by the operator’s major accident prevention policy and safety management system, and the mechanisms for investigation and taking corrective action in case of non-compliance. ƒ The procedures should cover the operator’s system for reporting major accidents or near misses, particularly those involving failure of protective measures, and their investigation and follow-up on the basis of lessons learnt.15Audit Audit and and Review ReviewThe following issues shall be addressed by the safety management system: Audit and review ƒ adoption and implementation of procedures for periodic systematic assessment of the major accident prevention policy and ƒ the effectiveness and suitability of the safety management system; 9the documented review of performance of the policy 9Safety management system and 9Its up-dating by senior management16International Ship Management Code for Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention (ISM-CODE)17Back Back Ground Ground¾ The root cause of some accidents have been found attributable, not to human error but, to systems error and commercial pressures. ¾ Shore-based and shipboard management system plays a vital role for the safe management and safe operation of the vessels. ¾ Therefore, a company should develop and implement safety management system.18Back Back Ground Groundƒ 1994 ISM Code part of SOLAS 74 (Chapter IX) ƒ 1995 “Guidelines for the implementation of the ISM Code by Administrations” adopted by IMO resolution A.788 (19)19Safety Safety Management Management System SystemA Shipping Company Should Develop: ƒ A safety & environmental protection policy ƒ Instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ships and protection of the environment ƒ Defined levels of authority and lines of communication between, and amongst shore and shipboard personnel ƒ Procedures for reporting accidents and non-conformities with provisions of the Code ƒ Procedures to prepare for and respond to emergency ƒ Procedures for internal audits and management reviews20Safety Safety & & Environmental Environmental Policy Policyƒ The Company Should: ƒ Establish a safety and environmental protection policy which describes how the objectives will be achieved ƒ Ensure that the policy is implemented and maintained at all levels of the organization. both: - On ships - Ashore21Master’s Master’s Responsibility Responsibility & & Authority Authorityƒ The company should clearly define and document the master’s responsibility with regard to: ƒ Implementing the safety and environmental policy of the company ƒ Motivating the crew in observation of that policy ƒ Issuing appropriate orders and instructions in a clear and simple manner ƒ Verifying that specified requirements are observed ƒ Reviewing the SMS and reporting its deficiencies to the shore-based management22Designated Designated Person(S) Person(S)ƒ To ensure the safe operation of each ship and to provide a link between the company and those on board, the company should: ƒ Designate a person (s) ashore having direct access to the highest level of management to: ƒ Monitor the safety and pollution prevention aspects of the operation of each ship ƒ Ensure that adequate resources and shore-based support are applied as required23Resources Resources & & Personnel PersonnelThe Company Should : ƒ Ensure that each vessel is manned with qualified, certified and medically fit seafarers ƒ Ensure that the crew must be familiarized with the SMS, and training for new crew before sailing is compulsory24Emergency Emergency Preparedness PreparednessThe Company Should : ƒ Establish procedures to identify, describe and respond to potential emergency shipboard situations ƒ Establish programs for drills and exercises to prepare for emergency action25The The SMS SMS Should ShouldProvide for measures ensuring that the company’s organization can respond at any time to hazards, accidents and emergency situations involving its ships26Maintenance Maintenance of of Ship Ship & & Equipments EquipmentsProcedures and Plans Must Be Made for: ƒ Inspections at regular intervals ƒ Any non-conformity to be reported with its possible cause ƒ Appropriate corrective action can be taken ƒ Records of these activities are maintained ƒ Testing of operational failures which may result in hazardous situations and that actions for emergency operations are available27Documentation DocumentationThe Company Should : ƒ Establish and maintain procedures to control all documents and data which is relevant to SMS. Ensure that: ƒ Valid documents are available at all relevant locations ƒ Changes to documents are reviewed and approved by authorised personnel ƒ Obsolete documents are promptly removed ƒ Each ship should carry on board all the documentation relevant to that ship.28Certification CertificationAfter initial survey by Flag Administration or Classification certificate will be issued Certificate consists of two parts: -Document of Compliance (shorebased company) - Safety Management Certificate (ship) (each vessel should hold verified copy of DOC)29Audits AuditsInternal audits ƒ By company personnel at regular intervals. Results must be brought to the attention of the personnel involved External audits ƒ By Flag State or Classification surveyor30Audits Auditsƒ The Master is expected to be fully conversant with Company’s Safety Management System. ƒ Officers and crew would be expected to be familiar with the parts of the system relevant to their safety responsibilities as well as a thorough understanding of their operational responsibilities- auditors will ensure compliance.Audits Auditsƒ Examples of the type of documentation the auditor will wish to see to verify compliance with the ISM are as follows: ƒ Log books ƒ Safety and management meeting minutes and follow up actions ƒ Medical log ƒ Company circular letters ƒ Planned maintenance records ƒ Records of verification ƒ Records of Masters’ review of the systemContinued…..Audits Auditsƒ Records of internal audits and follow up ƒ Records of chart corrections ƒ Class quarterly listings ƒ Records of passage planning ƒ Oil record books ƒ Garbage logs ƒ Company manual and forms。