英国文学史诗歌分析
英国著名诗歌
英国著名诗歌介绍英国有着悠久的文学传统，其中诗歌一直是文学的重要组成部分。
英国的著名诗歌作品不仅反映了时代的变迁和社会风貌，还展示了诗人的情感和思想。
本文将介绍一些英国著名的诗歌作品，从不同的角度对这些作品进行深入探讨。
诗歌作品一：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）作者：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）概述《哈姆雷特》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚的一部著名戏剧作品。
尽管它属于戏剧范畴，但其中的诗歌片段却极具诗意。
这些诗歌片段不仅在戏剧中起到情感抒发和人物形象描绘的作用，也能独立地被欣赏和研究。
特点1.押韵和韵脚：《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌具有完美的押韵和韵脚，使其更加优美动人。
2.表达深刻的思想：莎士比亚通过《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌，探讨了人生的意义、道德的困境以及个体与社会之间的矛盾冲突。
3.表达情感：莎士比亚通过诗歌的形式，表达了人物的情感，使读者和观众更好地理解角色的内心世界。
分析《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌是舞台剧中不可或缺的一部分。
莎士比亚用诗歌来表达人物的情感和思想，使得剧中的对话变得更加生动而有力。
通过阅读和研究这些诗歌，我们可以更深入地理解莎士比亚的创作意图和他对人性的洞察。
同时，这些诗歌也可以独立地被欣赏和享受，因为它们具有优美的文字和丰富的意义。
诗歌作品二：《抒情时期的诗歌》（Lyrical Ballads）作者：威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）概述《抒情时期的诗歌》是威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治共同创作的一部重要诗集。
这个诗集标志着抒情诗歌运动（Romantic Movement）在英国文学史上的重要转折点，也被认为是现代英国诗歌的起源。
特点1.自然主题：《抒情时期的诗歌》展现了诗人们对自然景观和人与自然的关系的独特感悟。
英国诗歌赏析
英国诗歌赏析随着文艺复兴以及罗马教会的发展，英国诗歌种类活跃了。
英国的诗歌以它独特的风格，丰富的内容和强烈的感受性受到了许多读者的喜爱，占据了有影响力的位置。
英国诗歌的艺术可以追溯到古代。
古典时期，诗歌一般用于崇拜神明或歌颂英雄，以及其他有关宗教和历史的话题。
在中世纪，随着宗教改革，英国诗人开始发展更为多样的话题，包括现代的爱情，忧郁，乐观主义等。
英国的先驱诗人如温斯顿，哥伦布，莎士比亚等，他们的诗歌不仅表达了他们的思想，而且在今天的文学历史上仍留有灿烂的芳华。
17世纪是英国诗歌的全盛时期，出现了一批杰出的诗人，如安德鲁撒克逊，拜伦，埃弗拉姆，布莱克等。
它们以更加强烈的感情和深刻的思想，把英国诗歌发展到更高的水平。
安德鲁撒克逊对诗歌的赞美，拜伦的天性诗，埃弗拉姆的感伤等，都是他们诗歌特点的典范。
19世纪，英国诗歌出现了新的变化，新的浪潮。
神游古典神话，以及追求高尚的理想的诗歌也出现了。
这些诗人包括诗人布朗，拉米，斯莱恩等等，他们的作品，以及他们对英国诗歌的富有创造性的批评，对今天的诗歌写作有着深远的影响。
20世纪以来，英国的诗歌受到各种新潮流的影响。
具体而言，现代诗歌写作被认为是一种艺术形式，关注表达自我，讨论社会问题，以及追求更深远的见解。
现代英国诗歌的代表作家有威尔金斯，格雷厄姆，弗罗斯特，马克斯等。
他们的诗歌以其独特的艺术形式渗透了现代人的思想和情感，成为现实生活中的反映。
英国诗歌的演变是一个历史的过程，其不断发展的变化和不断增强的影响力，让它成为中外文学史上有重要地位和价值的文学作品。
从古代到现代，从宗教到现实，英国诗歌让我们感受到童真的梦想，令人难忘的感动，以及理想与现实中的平衡，从而让英国诗歌受到了无数赞美和欢迎。
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第50首欣赏
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第50首欣赏莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是英国文学史上最伟大的诗人之一，他的十四行诗以其精湛的艺术手法和深刻的思想内涵而闻名于世。
其中第50首是莎士比亚十四行诗中的经典之作，本文将从多个角度对这首诗进行深入解读和欣赏。
一、诗歌背景1.1 莎士比亚十四行诗的特点莎士比亚十四行诗是一种古典诗体，通常分为三个四行节和一个两行节，其韵律优美，用词精准，思想深刻，富有哲理。
1.2 第50首的创作背景第50首是莎士比亚的十四行诗中的一首，反映了作者对于爱情、欲望和内心挣扎的思考。
二、诗歌解读2.1 题材内容本诗是一首表达爱情的诗歌，主题包括欲望、对爱情的渴望和内心的挣扎。
2.2 诗歌结构本诗采用了典型的十四行诗结构，由三个四行节和一个两行节组成，采用押韵的形式。
2.3 语言特点莎士比亚的十四行诗以其精湛的语言表达而著称，本诗中运用了丰富的比喻和修辞手法，如比拟、排比等，增强了诗歌的艺术感染力。
2.4 思想内涵作者通过本诗表达了对爱情的渴望和欲望的挣扎，同时也反映了对于人性和命运的深刻思考。
三、诗歌欣赏3.1 诗歌语言美感本诗语言简练、优美，运用了丰富的修辞手法，表达了作者内心的矛盾和挣扎，给人以深刻的思考和感悟。
3.2 诗歌情感共鸣作者通过本诗表达了对于爱情和欲望的渴望和挣扎，这种内心情感与读者产生共鸣，使人不禁陷入沉思。
3.3 诗歌主题启迪本诗所反映的对于爱情和欲望的深刻思考，启示人们要珍惜眼前所拥有的，不要一味追求外在的欲望，而忽略了内心的真实需要。
3.4 诗歌艺术价值本诗通过其精湛的语言表达和深刻的思想内涵，展现了莎士比亚崇高的诗歌艺术价值，是一首不可多得的文学珍品。
四、结语莎士比亚的十四行诗以其丰富的内涵和优美的艺术表达，为后人留下了宝贵的文学遗产。
第50首是其中的经典之作，通过对这首诗的深入解读和欣赏，我们不仅能了解莎士比亚的诗歌艺术风采，也能从中汲取深刻的人生哲理。
英国文学诗歌赏析格式
英国文学诗歌赏析格式可以遵循以下步骤：
1.了解背景：首先了解诗歌的创作背景，包括诗人的生平和时代背景，以及诗歌的创作时间和背景。
这些信息有助于理解诗歌的主题和情感。
2.细读诗歌：仔细阅读诗歌，注意诗歌的韵律、节奏和语言特点。
分析诗歌中的意象、象征和修辞手法，这些都是诗人表达情感和主题的重要手段。
3.确定主题和情感：概括诗歌的主题和情感，分析诗人如何通过意象、象征和修辞手法来表达这些主题和情感。
4.比较分析：将这首诗歌与其他诗人或诗派的诗歌进行比较，分析它们在主题、风格和技巧方面的异同。
5.总结评价：对诗歌进行总结评价，包括对诗人的技巧和风格的评价，以及对诗歌主题和情感的评价。
同时也可以提出自己的见解和感受。
在撰写英国文学诗歌赏析时，需要注意行文流畅、逻辑清晰，避免出现语法和拼写错误。
同时，也需要引用可靠的资料来源，避免出现学术不端行为。
英国诗歌鉴赏
英国诗歌鉴赏英国诗歌作为世界文学的重要组成部分，以其深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的艺术表现力，为世界文化宝库增添了无数的瑰宝。
从古老的史诗到现代的自由诗，英国诗歌无不彰显着其独特的魅力和无限的艺术可能。
英国诗歌的魅力首先体现在其语言之美。
英国诗人善于运用语言的韵律、节奏和音韵，创造出优美的诗歌语言。
如莎士比亚的十四行诗，其独特的韵脚和节奏使得诗歌既有节奏感又有旋律感，给人以极大的美的享受。
在诗歌的主题方面，英国诗歌同样丰富多样。
无论是描绘自然风光的田园诗，还是表现人性复杂面貌的心理诗，英国诗人都能用独特的笔触展现出不同的情感和思考。
如华兹华斯的《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》，以细腻的笔触描绘了自然的美丽与和谐，给人以心灵的慰藉。
此外，英国诗歌还善于运用象征、隐喻等修辞手法，赋予诗歌更深层次的内涵和寓意。
这些修辞手法不仅丰富了诗歌的艺术表现力，也使得诗歌更具深度和广度。
如T∙S∙艾略特的《荒原》中，通过象征和隐喻等手法，深刻揭示了现代社会的荒芜和人们的精神困境。
在英国诗歌的发展历程中，涌现出了许多杰出的诗人和作品。
从古老的史诗《贝奥武甫》到乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》，再到现代诗人如艾略特、休斯等人的作品，英国诗歌始终保持着旺盛的生命力和创造力。
这些诗人和作品不仅为英国诗歌史留下了宝贵的遗产，也为世界文学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
英国诗歌的价值不仅在于其艺术成就，更在于其对社会和人类的深刻思考。
诗人们通过诗歌表达了对自然、人性、社会等问题的独到见解和思考，使得诗歌成为了人类智慧的重要载体。
这些思考和见解不仅为我们提供了认识世界和自身的新的视角和思路，也为我们提供了面对困境和挑战的勇气和力量。
总之，英国诗歌作为世界文学的瑰宝，以其深厚的文化底蕴、丰富的艺术表现力和深刻的社会思考，为我们展现了人类智慧的无穷魅力。
在未来的发展中，我们应该继续传承和发扬英国诗歌的优良传统，让其在新的时代背景下焕发出更加璀璨的光芒。
同时，我们也应该积极学习和借鉴英国诗歌的艺术手法和思考方式，不断提高自身的文化素养和审美能力，为推动人类文化的进步和发展贡献自己的力量。
英国文学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分
英国⽂学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分莎⼠⽐亚1.Sonnet 18(B1,P118)（theme：It talks about the poet’s faith in the permanence of poetry.The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18. Content: On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer, but he does not want it to fade with time. Thus the best way to preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s ―eternal summer‖ will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Comments: Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only the art brings the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(减少) it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itself.Figures of Speech:Rhetorical questioning: the 1st line, to used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audience;Metaphor: Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summer's day and she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather; Personification:It is worth mentioning Shakespeare's use of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.Parallelism:The final couplet, used to emphasize the message: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his art.）2.Sonnet 29(B1,P119)(theme: The theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love which can overpower the feelings of self-hate. Content: it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. The whole poem expresses the changes of the author's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident.Figures of Speech:Metaphors: It were used in lines 10-12. In these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Symbolizes: In the first three lines, he symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society.symbolism In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens.Personification: It can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet because this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition:―like him‖ and ―mans‖ in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration(头韵): ―think, thee, then‖ in line 11Rhyme:follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. ―state, fate, gate‖ and ―brings, kings‖ The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets.)弥尔顿3.On His Blindness(B1，P148）(Theme: Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Milton’s grief, as he lost his eye sight at his middle age.Content:Lines 1-8: Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-14: Milton’s attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in God’s justice. He realizes that God does not need man’s work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses His gifts. He has a lot of angels working for him. So, patient submission to His will is the best service to Him.Figures of Speech:Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2)Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To serve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind. Personification/Metaphor: But Patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . . (lines 8-9).Paradox: They also serve who only stand and wait.Rhyme: This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. )多恩4.Song(B1, P134)（Theme：Negative view about love. Content: The whole poem focus on the argument of whether beautiful women will be loyalty to love. In the first stanza, he use 6 impossible things to clarify his view that such women who both beautiful and loyalty do not exist in the world. In the second stanza, he describes the journey of a man who was born to strange sights and sware that there were no women true, and fair. In the last stanza, he agreed that it would be sweet if there were women true, and fair, but he won’t change his belief that there exist no women who are both true and fair. Figures of Speech: 第⼀节中⽤了imperative sentence祈使句，像在对话；metaphor将找到美丽⽽忠贞的⼥⼦⽐作第⼀节中的做那些离奇怪诞的事）5.Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: (B1,P135)（Theme:farewell and love. Content:In the first two stanzas the departure of the lovers is compared with the death of virtuous men. Then, he clarify that their love is high to the soul and the body departure cannot influence them any more. Their two souls are united into one like the gold that has excellent ductility. If souls are still two, then they will just like the compasses, separated but never really divided. At last, he asked his wife to take care of the family so that he can complete his missions without worries, just like the moving compass complete a full circle with the help of the fixed point.Figures of Speech:comparison⾼尚男⼈的死和他们的分离；Metaphor(Conceit):The two lovers are likened to the two points of a compass. The idea of the wife staying and minding the house while the husband goes away is old-fashioned now, but we can still comprehend it.Pun: Take the lines Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end, where I begun.. Here the compass is doing two different things, and both have significance. "End where I begun" implies the finish of a circle as drawn by a compass; only through his wife's stability in the centre, Donne argues, can his circle be drawn correctly. However it also implies the closing of the compass - and Donne coming home to be with his wife.Symbolism: symbolism of gold is very important, as it is also the most precious and noble of all the metals. It is also the least reactive of all metals, which ties in with Donne's placing of the lovers above the emotional layer and makes their love difficult to destroy.Comments:Donne's basic argument was that most people's relationships are built on purely sensual things - if they are not together at all times, the relationship breaks down. I agree with him, because a real love should have no restrictions of distance or time, so long as lovers’ hearts and souls are bound to each other, there will be no reason for them to worry abouta temporary separation.）布莱德6.Songs of Innocence-The Chimney Sweeper(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers. Content:The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: abandoned by parents, working in thedark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. Probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the thir d line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the c himney sweeper's street cry.The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the second and third stanzas. The second stanza intr oduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upset about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, sha ving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here To m's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He drea ms of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle.When the angel tells Tom that ―if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy‖, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. Figures of Speech:symbolism,irony)7.Songs of Experience-The Chimney Sweeper(B1，P289)(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers.Content: In the first two lines, Blake gives us an image of an anguished child in a state of agony. In the second stanza, the child is pictured in a very more happier and playful mood. This soon changes when he decides to tell the stranger more about his parents. They are showed to be punishing their child for being so happy by "clothing in clothes of death and teaching him to sing notes of woe." It is very obvious the sweeper’s feels hate towards his parents for putting him in such sadness, but inst ead he chooses to hide it by making himself look happy and satisfied.It is clear in the last Stanza that Blake’s criticizing the Church, especially, and the state for letting a lot of these things happen. During this time many children were dying from being, either, worked to death or from malnutrition. Neither the state or the church did any thing to stop this and is obviously why Blake feels so much anger towards them. The sweeper’s parents are really no help towards their own child. This makes the reader wonder, if they are worshiping god, the source of good doings, why do they chose to ignore their own child. They would rather turn their heads the other way and instead find love at church. Figures of speech:partial tone:T he cry "'weep! 'weep! " is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! ‖,whichwas the chimney sweeper's direct cry. The use of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.symbolism,Contrast:In the first two lines, t he color black seems to be very important because it is used to represent sin against innocence, the color of the white snow.)8.Holy Thursday --From Songs of Innocence'(Theme: portrays unfortunate children as blessings to society and shows their gratitude towards God for all that he has done. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, symbolismBlake tries to express an optimistic and hopeful image of innocent children singing to Christ onthe day of ascension. The poem’s rhythm is playful and childish and effectively carries out Blake’s image.In the first four lines, colorful children are marching into St Paul’s cathedral for the celebration of the ascension of Christ. From the footnote, one learns that these children are from the charity s chools in London, meaning that they are very poor and probably don’t have a family. Despite their hardships, the children are still described in a joyful, harmonic wayWith an ABAB rhyming pattern, the poem starts with a bouncing, nursery rhyme quality. The children’s problems are not an iss ue; they are still cute, innocent, and alive, like a river. The beadles that must keep the kids in order are portrayed as old and lifel ess men who have lost their childhood innocence. Even though these children are poor and homeless, they are showing hopeful ness and optimism when they go to sing the Lord’s praisesIn the next stanza, the children are again portrayed as sweet and innocent, and there is no mention of the hardships they must fa ce every other day in their life. There are a few different images that Blake gives the reader to express his idea that children are pure and free–flowing characters:Here, the children are a beautiful and vital part of the London society. They are ―flowers‖ that give pleasure to all men and wom en. Blake fails to mention that these children are a blight and burden to mankind. They are victims of a cruel and harsh world, a nd as a result, they reflect images of misery and poverty. However, in this stanza, the children are innocent lambs who have a ―r adiance all their own.‖ They are beautiful flowers and are pleasing to the entire world.In the final stanza, the children are singing to the heavens with songs of joy. They are singing the praises of the Lord to heaven on this glorious day.Here, the children are powerful and mighty and are capable of communicating with the heavens above. They believe that God tr uly loves them in spite of the fact that they are really the wretched of the earth. Even though they are penniless and homeless, the children raise their hands and sing their praise and thanks to Jesus.)9.Holy Thursday---From Songs of Experience(Theme: the condemn for the church or the god; sympathy for the poor childrenFigures of speech: contrast, irony, metaphorThis poem is negative and pessimistic and it questions the nature or existence of a God. The children are rejected and abused by society and they are exactly the opposite of the children in the first poem.This procession into the cathedral has religious intentions, but the speaker wonders how holy it is to have so many pitiful and m iserable children in a world that is so rich and prosperous. It doesn’t seem possible to him that these children are singing to the Lord out of pure happiness and thanksgivingThe speaker finds it hard to believe that these children are actually singing out praises of the Lord. He sees them so unhappy an d so poor, and yet they are thanking Jesus for all that he has done for them. The series of questions by the speaker in this stanza implies a tone of disbelief and amazement that heightens throughout the poem.In the last two stanzas, the speaker offers an explanation as to why these children are so poor and pitiful.The speaker believes that the life of the children is always dark, bleak, and bare. It will always be difficult, cold, and barren. He believes that the children are poor because they never have any sunshine or any rain. In other words, these kids don’t have the wonderful and plentiful eye of the Lord upon them. Blake believes that man could not decline into such a pitiful state if God is constantly watching over him. Throughout the ceremony, the children are praising God and all of His works. This prai se now seems very ironic since these children are not under the watchful eye of the Lord)10.The Lamb" --From Songs of Innocence(Theme: the origin of human, blessing for the human and GodContent: The poem begins with the question, ―Little Lamb, who made thee?‖ The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its ―clothing‖ of wool, its ―tender voice.‖ In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who ―calls himself a Lamb,‖ one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child be stowing a blessing on the lamb.Figures of speech:repetition:Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality.rhetoric questionsSymbolism:The lamb symbolizes Jesus and the image of the child is also associated with Jesus.Comment:The poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the second focuses on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanatio n and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (―who made thee?‖) is a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of cr eation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naivety, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous sense of the poem. The answer is presented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying sense of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.)11.The Tiger(B1,P288)(Theme:humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.But considering the social background of this poem, It could destroy the old system and establish a new one.Content:This poem begins with the author presents a series of questions that embodies the central problem: Who created the tiger? Or w as it Satan? Blake presents his question in Lines 3 and 4: What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry? However, to express his bewilderment that the God who created the gentle lamb also created the terrifying tiger, he includes Satan as a possible creator while raising his rhetorical questions, the one he asks in Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps orskies/Burnt th e fire of thy eyes?Figures of speech:Symbolism:The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces:the French people in the French Revolution to which Blake was a s upporter and it can also symbolizes evil, or the incarnation of evil.And that the lamb represents goodness, or Christ. Metaphor&alliteration:In Lines 3 and 4the author uses alliteration and metaphor to make comparison the tiger and his eyes to fi re.Symbol&Allusion:In Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or skies/Burnt the fire of thy eyes? In these sentences, “Deeps” ap pears to refer to hell and “skies” refer to heaven which is the expression of symbol and Allusion.Comments:It is said that human souls have two sides: a good side, and an evil side."The Lamb" and "The Tyger," by William B lake, are both poems of deep meaning. They seem to explain both sides of human nature: the light and the dark, the yin and the yang, the good and the evil. They can also represent the transition from a child to an adult or even Heaven and Hell. "The Lamb " is a poem that is referring to the good side of the human soul, while "The Tyger" is referring to the dark side. The lamb brings to mind innocence,purity,children,or Jesus; the tiger brings to mind viciousness, cunning, danger, or death. )彭斯12.John Anderson my jo, John(B1, P294)（theme: love. Content:It’s a simple but warm poem about the commonplace feeling of a ordinary couple. The old wife recalls their encounter at their young ages and compare her husband’s young appearance with that of now. They has gone through so many years, and she blesses her husband and wishes joint happiness until their death.Figures of Speech:Metaphor/contrast: In line3 and line6, John’s locks are said to be as black as the raven when young but as white as snow now. The metaphor is so properly used, while the contrast between John’s young and aged years is also very vivid in delivering the massage of their peaceful and lasting marriage.Rhyme:Comments: This poem is very simple, but it remind me of a Chinese saying, ― I’ll take your hand and grow old with you.‖The love I dreamed of is just like this, more stability and less impulsion.）华兹华斯13.The Solitary Reaper(B2，P22)（theme：T he poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girl’s beautiful song.Content: Stanza 1: The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.Stanza 2: The poet is surprised to hear such a beautiful song in so remote aplace.Stanza 3: The poet doesn’t understand her song but knows it is about something sad. Stanza 4: The poet was so moved by her song that he could never forget it.Figures of Speech:Contrast:反衬⽤夜莺和杜鹃反衬少⼥歌声的优美Metaphor/synaesthesia：暗喻、通感声⾳在作者眼中变为有形的事物Vocative：呼语BEHOLD HER /O LISTEN，像在与⼈对话，拉近读者和说话者的距离Repetition：反复同源词反复Analogy：少⼥的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗⼈与旅⼈及赫布⾥群岛Symbolism: 象征MOUNT UP THE HILL象征着⼈⽣的旅途Rhyme：iniambic tetrameter with the rhyme of ababccdd (except lines 1 & 3 In stanzas 1 and 4）Comments:⽣活中有时停下匆匆的脚步可能会有惊喜。
《莎士比亚十四行诗集》的诗歌艺术解析
莎士比亚十四行诗集的诗歌艺术解析1. 介绍莎士比亚十四行诗集莎士比亚十四行诗集是英国文学史上最重要的作品之一，由著名戏剧家威廉·莎士比亚创作。
该诗集包括154首十四行诗，被广泛认为是英语文学中最重要、最精彩的爱情诗篇之一，展现了莎士比亚卓越的才华和丰富多彩的情感表达。
2. 十四行诗结构与形式莎士比亚十四行诗采用了意大利、斯宾塞形式，并加以创新发展。
每首诗分为三个四行节（即四联），接着是一个两行节（即双关），最后以一个带押韵回响的两行节作结束（即尾韵）。
这种结构使得每首十四行诗有着简明而扣人心弦的韵律和格调。
3. 主题与表现手法莎士比亚在这些十四行诗中探讨了各种主题，包括爱情、美丽、时间、生命和人性等。
他通过精妙的比喻、修辞手法和诗意的表达，将情感与思考融合在一起，呈现出深刻而真实的人性描写。
•爱情：莎士比亚以细腻而复杂的方式描绘了各种形式的爱情，包括恋人之间的甜蜜和痛苦、变幻无常的爱情与时光之间的斗争等。
•美丽：莎士比亚通过对自然界和人类身体特征的意象描绘，赞美了美丽是如何能够迷惑和诱惑我们，并探讨了外貌与内在价值之间的关系。
•时间：时间在十四行诗中被描绘为无情而不可逆转的力量，使得人们陷入追忆和遗憾。
但同时，时间也给予了爱情以更深厚的意义，因为只有经受住时间考验的爱情才能真正持久。
•生命：莎士比亚通过对死亡与生命短暂性的思考，提醒人们珍惜当下并积极面对生活的困难和挑战。
4. 莎士比亚的独特艺术风格莎士比亚通过丰富多样的修辞手法和诗意的表达，塑造了独一无二的诗歌艺术风格。
他巧妙地运用了隐喻、对比、象征等手法，使得诗歌更具有张力和感染力。
同时，他善于使用音乐性的语言节奏、押韵和重复，增强了诗歌的韵律美和艺术感。
结论莎士比亚十四行诗集是一部经典之作，在文学史上具有不容忽视的地位。
其卓越的诗歌结构、深刻的主题探讨以及独特而精致的艺术表达方式使其成为英语文学中突出的代表之一。
阅读这些十四行诗既可以帮助我们理解莎士比亚内心深处的情感世界，也能够启发我们对生命、爱情和时间等普遍主题进行思考与反思。
英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法
英国⽂学复习提纲加诗歌赏析⽅法I. PART ONE. EARLY&MEDIEV AL1. Beowulf: the national epic史诗of the Anglo-SaxonsBeowulf against: monster Grendel, she-monster and a fire dragonArtistic features: Using alliteration（头韵）Using metaphor（⽐喻）and understatement（陈述）2. The Class Nature of the Romance: They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.3. Geoffery Chaucer: The father of English poetry/ the founder of English poetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集：英国⽂史上现实主义第⼀部杰作fir st time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishII. The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance & Humanism: R: 2 features: a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Latin)→dissatisfaction at Catholic & feudal ideas/ activities of humanit y→new feeling of admiration for human beauty & achievementH: the key-note of R, new outlook of the rising bourgeois class2. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根: Essays随笔(famous quotas: Of studies)3.Drama: the miracle P奇迹剧(Bible story); the morality P道德剧(abstract characters/conflict of good&evil with allegorical personages); the interlude幕间喜剧(short/interesting); the classical drama(+Greek&Latin/rules&structure&style/5 acts);4. Shakespeare:Four Comedies: As You Like It皆⼤欢喜; Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商⼈Four Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello奥赛罗; King Lear李尔王; Macbeth麦克⽩154 Sonnet: Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic抑扬格pentameter 五步格诗restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III. REVOLUTION1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿①Epic: Paradise Lost 失乐园: it is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan & his fellow-angels; their defeat & expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth & of Adam & Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satan’s temptation of Eve; & the departure of Adam & Eve from Eden.②Paradise Regained 复乐园2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬The P ilgrim’s Progress天路历程: religious allegory宗教寓⾔; the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies from the City of Destruction, meets the perils and temptation of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.3. John Donne: (the founder) the Metaphysical poet(⽞学派诗⼈).（⽤语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features: conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段论The Flea 虱⼦IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment1. The Enlightenment: clear away the feudal ideas with bourgeois ideology资阶思Classicism: 重理性rationality/follow principles in drama, poetry & prose/tidy up capitalist social order2. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特: Gulliver’s Travel格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput ⼩⼈国、Brobdingnag ⼤⼈国Flying Island 飞岛、Houyhnhnm 智马岛A Tale of a Tub⽊桶的故事3. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福The father of novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.4.Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁“Father of English realistic novel” He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散⽂体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.弃婴汤姆?琼斯约瑟夫?安德鲁5. Sentimentalism & Pre-Romanticism in Poetry：anti-rationalism/anti-classicism6. William Blake威廉?布莱克(Pre-R)Songs of Innocence天真之歌A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.< the chimney sweeper> 扫烟囱的孩⼦Songs of Experience经验之歌7. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯(Pre-R)The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th C Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要⽤苏格兰⽅⾔写的诗A Red, Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长My Heart’s in the Highlands我的⼼在那⾼原上, The Tree of LibertyV The Romantic Period1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集2. George Gordon Byron乔治?⼽登?拜伦Don Juan唐?璜She Walks In Beauty3. 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?⽐希?雪莱A Defence of Poetry诗辩Ode to the West Wind西风颂Theme: The author expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seeds which still come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: it is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas诗节, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三⾏诗aba bcb cdc de d efe …)4. John Keats约翰?济慈Four great odes: Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Psyche⼼灵颂Ode On Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to Autumn秋颂Theme: The theme is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.VI CRITICAL REALISM1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯（批判现实主义⼩说家）critical realist writer Oliver Twist雾都孤⼉;David Copperfield⼤卫?科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世Great Expectations远⼤前程2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷Vanity Fair名利场3. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁Sense and Sensibility理智与感情；Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见；Emma爱玛4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特Jane Eyre简?爱Emily Bronte艾⽶莉?勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼啸⼭庄5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特（批判现实）The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch⽶德尔马契ⅦMid and Late 19th Century1. Robert Browning罗伯特?⽩朗宁My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫⼈Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄⽛⼗四⾏诗2. Christina. G. Rossetti: Seek and Find; Song3. Literary Trends at the end of the century: naturalism: environmental force & internal impulse/pessimism & determinism;aestheticism: art should serve no religious, moral or social end, nor any end except itself: Oscar Wilde王尔德Salomo Ⅷ20th Century1. Henry James(stream of consciousness): a portrait of a woman贵妇画像2. Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代Tess Of The D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝; Jude The Obscure⽆名的裘德3.George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧critical realistic dramatistMrs. Warren’s Pro fession华伦夫⼈的职业; Widowers’ Houses鳏夫的房产Man And Superman⼈与超⼈; The Apple Cart苹果车; Saint Joan圣⼥贞德4. Imagism: free verse/conventional/ common speech/ new rhythms/ clear images5. 1.William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨,Ireland when you are old celebrated & accomplished symbolist poet/ use an elaborate system of symbols6. Thomas Sterns Eliot: The Waste Land; Four Quartets7. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯Sons And Lovers⼉⼦与情⼈;The Rainbow虹；Women In Love恋爱中的⼥⼈8. James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯stream-of-consciousness：Ulysses尤利西斯9. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙stream-of-consciousnessMrs. Dalloway达洛维夫⼈；To The Lighthouse到灯塔去；The Waves浪；the mark on the wall墙上的斑点ⅨSecond War1. E. M. FosterA Passage To India印度之⾏Hawards End霍华兹别墅 a room with a view看得见风景的房间2. George Orwell: 19843. William Golding: Lord of the Flies蝇王4. Doris Lessing多丽丝?莱⾟The Golden Notebook⾦⾊笔记5. Samuel Beckett: waiting for godat6. Harold Pinter: the room诗歌评论抑扬格（iamb, iambic）扬抑格（trochee, trochaic）抑抑扬格（Anapaest, anapaestic）扬抑抑格（dactyl, dactylic）. Meter步律英⽂诗⾏的长度范围⼀般是⼀⾳步⾄五⾳步。
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1. Sonnet 18----William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?(Could I compare you to the time of summer?)Thou art more lovely and more temperate:(You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days)(Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,(The wild winds shakes the favorite flowers of May. )And summer's lease hath all too short a date:(And the duration of summer has a limited period of time)Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,(Sometimes the sun shining is too hot. )And often is his gold complexion dimmed;(Or often goes behind the clouds.)And every fair from fair sometime declines,(And everything beautiful will lose its beauty.)By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;(By misfortune or by nature’s planned out course)But thy eternal summer shall not fade ,(But your youth shall not fade)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;(Nor will you lose the beauty that you possessed)Nor shall Death brag thou wander'rest in his shade,(Nor will death claim you for his own)When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st(Because in my eternal verse you will live forever)So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,(So long as the men can live in the world with sight and breath)So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.(This poem will exist and you will live in forever.)a)The author of the poem is William Shakespeare .It is a typical English sonnet, the rhymescheme of the poem is “abab cdcd efef gg”.b)On the surface the poem is simply a statement to praise the beauty of the young man. But themore important is the poet wants to show the power of the poem which can defy time and last forever. The stability of love and its power to immortalize the subject of the poet's verse is the theme.2. On His Blindness----John MiltonWhen I consider how my light is spent 想到了在这茫茫黑暗的世界里Ere half my days， in this dark world and wide还未到半生这两眼就已失明，And that one talent which is death to hide ，想到了我的才能，要是埋起来，Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent 会招致死亡，却放在我手里无用，To serve therewith my Maker, and present 虽然我一心想用它服务造物主，My true account, lest He, returning chide；免得报账时，得不到他的宽容；"Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" "神不给我光明，还让我做日工 ?’’想到这，I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent 我愚蠢地自问.但"忍耐"看我在抱怨，That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need" 立刻止住我，神并不要你工作，Either man's work or his own gifts.；Who best 或还他礼物。
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state 谁最能服从他，谁就是忠于职守，Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed 他君临万方，只要他一声吩咐，And post o'er land and ocean without rest:万千个天使就赶忙在海陆奔驰，。
" They also serve who only stand and wait." 但侍立左右的，也还是为他服务a) The author of this poem is John Milton. The name of this poem is On His Blindness.b) It is a famous Italian Sonnet ,and the rhyme scheme of the poem is abba abba cde cde.c) The paraphrase of this poem :d) I n the sonnet , the speaker meditates on the fact that he has become blind .He expresses his frustration at being prevented by his disability from serving God as well as he desires to . He is answered by “Patience,” who tells him that God has many who hurry to do his bidding , and doesnot really need man’s work . What valued is the ability to bear God’s “mild yoke.” to tolerate whatever God asks faithfully and without complaint. This poem presents a carefully reasoned argument, on the basis of Christian faith, for the acceptance of physical impairment .The speaker learns that, rather than being an obstacle to his fulfillment of God’s work for him, his blindness is a part of that work, and that his achievement lies in living patiently with it.3. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud----William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云That floats on high o'er vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飘荡，When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春开放，Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. 迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine 绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，And twinkle on the milky way, 在银河里闪闪发光，They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着湖湾的边缘Along the margin of a bay: 延伸成无穷无尽的一行；Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
The waves beside them danced; but they 粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: 水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；A poet could not but be gay, 与这样快活的伴侣为伍，In such a jocund company: 诗人怎能不满心欢乐！I gazed--and gazed--but little thought 我久久凝望，却想象不到What wealth the show to me had brought: 这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——For oft, when on my couch I lie 每当我躺在床上不眠，In vacant or in pensive mood, 或心神空茫，或默默沉思，They flash upon that inward eye 它们常在心灵中闪现，Which is the bliss of solitude; 那是孤独之中的福祉；And then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是我的心便涨满幸福，And dances with the daffodils. 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。