differences between Chinese and English languages
汉语与英语的差异英语作文
汉语与英语的差异英语作文The Chinese and English languages are distinct in various ways, from their origins to their grammatical structures and usage. This essay will explore some of the key differences between these two languages.Origins and Script:Chinese is a Sino-Tibetan language with a history that spans thousands of years. It uses a logographic writing system, where each character represents a word or a concept. English, on the other hand, is a Germanic language that has been influenced by Latin and French. It uses an alphabetic system with 26 letters that represent sounds.Grammar:The grammar of Chinese is quite different from English. Chinese does not have tenses, articles, or plural forms. Instead, it relies on context and word order to convey meaning. English grammar is more complex, with a system of tenses, articles, and plural forms that are essential for clear communication.Pronunciation:Chinese is a tonal language, which means that the pitch of a syllable can change its meaning. There are four main tones in Mandarin Chinese, and mastering them is crucial for accurate pronunciation. English is not a tonal language, but it does have stress patterns that can affect the meaning of words.Vocabulary:The vocabulary of Chinese and English has been influenced by different cultures and histories. Chinese vocabulary is often more abstract and pictorial, with many characters derivedfrom pictographs. English vocabulary is more diverse, with many words borrowed from other languages such as Latin, Greek, and French.Writing Direction:Chinese is traditionally written from top to bottom and right to left, while English is written from left to right and topto bottom. This difference in writing direction can be challenging for learners who are transitioning between thetwo languages.Idiomatic Expressions:Both languages have rich sets of idiomatic expressions that can be difficult for non-native speakers to understand. These expressions often have cultural connotations and are not always translatable word-for-word between languages.Learning Curve:For English speakers learning Chinese, one of the biggest challenges is mastering the writing system and the tonalnature of the language. Conversely, Chinese speakers learning English may find the grammar and the vast vocabulary to be challenging.In conclusion, while both Chinese and English are powerful tools for communication, they each present unique challengesand opportunities for learners. Understanding the differences between these languages can help in the learning process and foster greater appreciation for the richness of linguistic diversity.。
FiveMajorDifferencesBetweenChineseandEnglish...
FiveMajorDifferencesBetweenChineseandEnglish...Languages are used to express one's point of view and communicate with others. According to the definition of language families, Chinese belongs to hieroglyph writing and English belongs to alphabetic writing.Nowadays China plays an increasingly significant role in world politics, economy and culture integration. Chinese language is becoming more and more popular and important. As one of the most popular languages in the world, English have many differences between Chinese.This is a brief introduction of the differences in Chinese and English Grammar to help those who have some basis in Chinese to learn this language easier.•1. English emphasizes on the structure, whiles Chinese focuses on the meaning. In English, several meanings can be expressed clearly with complicated structure in just one sentence. In Chinese, a sentence is usually short with little modifier, or it will cause confusion in meaning.•2. When expressing the meaning, long sentence is regularly used in English and short sentence is used in Chinese. From point one above, we could conclude that English sentences are usually long and Chinese sentences are usually short. One should 'Get the meaning, forget the words' in Chinese learning.•3. It has many clauses in English sentences which are often separated in small sentences in Chinese way of expression. In an English sentence, except some modifiers, it has a lot of clauses which makes a sentence much more complicated. In Chinese, one meaning is usually expressed in separated sentences connecting with comma.•4. In English people use pronouns a lot, but in Chinese people often use noun. In English, people not only use 'we', 'you', 'she', 'they', but also use 'that' and 'which' to keep a sentence well structured and clearly, and avoid repeat meaning. Due to short sentence structure, a pronoun is commonly replaced by a noun in Chinese expression.•5. The passive voice is often used in English expression; In Chinese, one usually uses the active voice. The passive voice is widely used in English, especially in some scientific articles. For example, 'It is (always) stressed that...' is generally expressed as 'People (always) stress that...' in Chinese.。
中英文化对比的英文作文
中英文化对比的英文作文英文：Culture is a fascinating topic to explore, especially when comparing different cultures. As someone who has experienced both Chinese and English culture, I find it interesting to compare and contrast the two.Firstly, one of the biggest differences between Chinese and English culture is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In Chinese culture, there is a strong emphasis on the importance of the group and the family, whereas in English culture, individualism is highly valued. This can be seen in the way people interact with each other and in their attitudes towards personal achievement.For example, in Chinese culture, it is common for people to live with their parents until they get married and to take care of their elderly parents. This is because family is seen as the most important thing in life. Incontrast, in English culture, it is more common for people to move out of their parents' home at a young age and to focus on their own personal goals and achievements.Another difference between Chinese and English culture is the way people communicate. In Chinese culture, indirect communication is often used, where people may not directly say what they mean or may use nonverbal cues to conveytheir message. In English culture, direct communication is more common, where people tend to say exactly what they mean.For example, in Chinese culture, it is considered impolite to say "no" directly, so people may use phrases such as "maybe" or "I'll think about it" to decline an invitation. In contrast, in English culture, it is more common to simply say "no" if you are not able to attend.中文：文化是一个非常有趣的话题，尤其是在比较不同的文化时。
The Culrure Differences between English and Chinese英文和中文的区别
Greeting and parting
Greeting is an important part in daily life. When people meet friends or acquaintances, they often greet each other. The purpose of greeting is to establish or keep the social contact. But because of the cultural differences between Chinese and English, the manner of greeting and parting are different, it often causes misunderstanding. In China, people greet their friends might say:"Where are you going to do?" or "Have you eaten yet?" while American usually say "Hi" or "Hello" instead. If an English speaker does not understand this difference, he will sure misunderstand his chinese friend who really wants to know where he goes or invite him to eat something. As a foreigner ,he maybe treats them as a real question.
Differences Between Chinese and English
Differences Between Chinese and English Chinese and English are probably two of the most widely-used languages in the world.But,did you know that there are actually plenty of differences between Chinese and English?Know some significant differences between Chinese and English,it will enable the western Chinese learning students to learn Chinese easier.Here I’ve come up with a list of eight key differences between Mandarin and English.Check them out!1.The difference between Chinese English wordsa)English alphabet vs Chinese strokes and radicalsOne of the first major differences between Chinese and English you’ll notice is simply how both languages look compared to each other.English words look like what you’ve been reading so far while Chinese words,to those who do not speak the language,look like random lines that decided to come together:就像这样. That’s because while English words are made up of the26 letters of the alphabet,Chinese characters are made up of12 different strokes paired with over200radicals(部首).b)English words vs Chinese charactersNow that we’ve mentioned the difference between the Englishalphabet and Chinese strokes,we can look at some of the differences between Chinese and English words.In Chinese,every single character has its own meaning whether or not it is part of a word.For example,the character铅means “lead”,while笔means“pen”.When combined(铅笔),the two characters form the word“pencil”.In contrast,English words only have meaning when the letters that form the word are arranged in a specific order.2.Grammatical differenceFor language learners,the difference in grammar rules is probably one of the most significant differences between Chinese and English.Let me compare Mandarin,the most common Chinese dialect,with English to show you exactly how different the two languages are.a)Personal pronounsPersonal pronouns are kind of a big thing in society these days. Knowing the distinction between he/him,she/her,and they/them could literally save you from offending someone or saying something embarrassing.That problem is virtually non-existent in Chinese simply because pronouns in general are much,much simpler.But forthe sake of comparison,I’ll just stick to personal pronouns for now.In English,you have12personal pronouns:I/me,you,we/us, they/them,he/him,she/her,and it.In Chinese,there are only five-ish!I say that because while there are slight differences in writing,the pronouns for he/him(他),she/her(她),and it(它) are all pronounced“ta”.The other personal pronouns in Chinese are I/me(我),you(你),they/them(他们),and we/us(我们). What’s more,if you’ve noticed,there’s also no distinction between different forms of the same personal pronoun,ie,“he”and“him”is the same word in Chinese!Easy to remember, right?b)Genitive casesSimply put,a genitive case in English is mainly used to express possession.So for example,“this pen is mine”or“that’s Alice’s computer”.Much like personal pronouns,the genitive case is way simplified in Chinese.In fact,it practically doesn’t exist.Instead, to indicate,we just use the word的(de).So the above two sentences in Mandarin would be这支笔是我的(mine)and那是爱丽丝的(Alice’s)电脑.c)Verb tensesAnother one of the key differences between Mandarin and English when it comes to grammar is verb tenses.If you’ve ever had Chinese-speaking friends who started learning English,you might remember that many of them initially struggled with concepts like past,present,and future tenses.That is completely understandable because,once again, these concepts are completely non-existent in Chinese. Instead of changing or modifying a verb to express the concept of time,Chinese speakers just state the time that something happened or add the character了(le)to the end of a verb! So,instead of saying“Stephen ate fried rice in the morning”,we say“史蒂芬(Stephen)早上的时候(in the morning)吃了炒饭(eat le[ate]fried rice)”.d)Singular vs plural nounsSimilarly,singular and plural nouns are much easier to distinguish in Mandarin.While you need to modify a noun in English to indicate whether it’s singular or plural,in Chinese, simply state the number or collective noun if it’s necessary! Easier yet,just put the word“a lot”or“many”in front of the noun to indicate plural nouns!This eliminates the need to memorize tricky irregular plural nouns.For example,“a tooth”and“many teeth”in Chinese are simply“一颗牙齿“and“好多牙齿”respectively.Notice how the word for tooth“牙齿“never changes.3.Studying Mandarin vs studying EnglishThe one thing I will say is that Chinese grammar is far easier to grasp than English.As you’ve just read,many grammatical rules that exist in English,such as verb tenses and singular/plural nouns.This makes it less time-consuming to master Chinese grammar.That’s why the way to study Chinese is often the opposite of English,which focuses on building a strong foundation in grammar first.Most decent books to learn Chinese,on the other hand,will usually start by introducing essential vocabulary to new learners and then work on proper grammar later on.4.The difference between Chinese and English pronunciationAnother one of the differences between Chinese and English lies in pronunciation.That’s unsurprising given how Chinese characters and English words look worlds apart. Thankfully,Chinese pronunciation has a romanized system called Hanyu Pinyin which makes it possible to read andpronounce something accurately even if you don’t know the actual Chinese character or the meaning behind a word. However,it is when we look at Hanyu Pinyin that we realise just how fundamentally different Chinese pronunciation is compared to English.a)Learning how to pronounce a wordBefore we dive into the difference between Mandarin and English pronunciation,I want to highlight something as a native speaker.Spelling is an English concept that helps someone guess how a word is pronounced.For example,if“letter”is pronounced a certain way because of how it is spelt,then you can pretty guess how“better”is pronounced because of the similar spelling.That does not work in Mandarin at all.Even a difference of one stroke can completely alter the pronunciation of a Chinese word.For example,the word“king”(王)is pronounced wang,while the word“jade”(玉)is pronounced yu.My advice to new learners is to not use“spelling”as a way to learn Chinese pronunciation.As cliche as it sounds,the best way to learn Chinese pronunciation is simply by memorizing,and using the dictionary when you encounter something new.Now,unto the actualdifferences between Chinese and English pronunciation！b)Word StructureLooking at Hanyu Pinyin,you’ll quickly realize that there aren’t many instances where a Chinese character ends with consonants. Or rather,there is only a handful of ending consonants in Mandarin.In fact,there are only two:“n”,and“ng”.In contrast to English where most words end in a consonant, most Chinese characters end in a vowel.c)Vowels in MandarinSpeaking of vowels,apart from the usual“aeiou”combinations, Chinese also has a special“ü”vowel that sounds like a cross between“ye”and“you”.More importantly,in the context of differences between Mandarin and English,Chinese vowels will always sound the same no matter where they are placed(in terms of Hanyu Pinyin spelling).For example,the letter“a”in“antler”and “insomnia”sound different,but the same letter in“zhang”and “ba”sound exactly the same.In addition,English speakers can distinguish the words“beat”and“bit”in a conversation because we recognize the difference between long and short vowels.Those do not exist in Mandarin.d)Heteronyms,Homonyms,and HomographsAs some of you might have caught on,the good thing about Chinese vowels sounding the same all the time means that you won’t have confusing instances in Mandarin where there are different pronunciations for the same word,such as“present”–to offer,and“present”–to be in attendance.That said,there are a few irregular characters in Mandarin that sound different despite being written in the same way.I can only think of two right now:会(usually pronounced hui but becomes kuai when paired with计,meaning accountant)and 角(usually pronounced jiao but becomes jue when paired with 色,meaning role).e)The usage of tonesYou’ve probably heard many people say that Chinese is a tonal language.What exactly does that mean?Basically,there are five tones in Mandarin(including the轻声–neutral tone).Depending on the tone that you use to pronounce a certain character,the meaning can vastly differ.A popular example is the distinction between睡觉(shuijiao–sleep),pronounced with a sharp falling tone and水饺(shuijiao–dumpling),pronounced with a slow rising tone. Basically,in English,rising and falling tones are used to stress the nature of a sentence,ie,when asking a question.In Chinese,it’s an essential part of the language itself!5.Difference between Chinese and English sentencesYou should probably not be taken aback that English and Chinese sentences look and sound very different.As someone who speaks both languages fluently,let me highlight exactly what’s different.a)Sentence lengthRemember how I said earlier that personal pronouns are quite simplified in Mandarin?While that may mean less time spent on grammar books,it also means that Chinese sentences need to be succinct.Think about it:Because the English language has a lot of pronouns and modifiers,it’s possible to form long,complex sentences without causing any confusion.On the other hand, because there aren’t a lot of pronouns in the Chinese language, each sentence needs to be separated by punctuation to keep with the flow.Here’s an example:The Great Wall of China is a barrier that stretches thousands of miles and was constructed by Qin Shi Huang who was the First Emperor of China.In Mandarin,this long sentence would be万里长城是个长达万里的壁垒，由中国第一位皇帝——秦始皇所建。
Differences between Chinese and EnglishPPT
farewel
Do visit the next time. Take care
Good bye
They seldom say "Take care."because they think the one is old enough to take care of himself or herself.Asking them to take care when driving or walking on the street may make the guests feel that they are kids who should be taken care of.
invitation
English speaking countries' may think it's impolite to greeting people by asking"Where they are going"and it's a invitation to ask "Have you had your meal?"
Above are several aspects our group have found
Excuse me
The expression "Sorry." is used when you have made some trouble to someone or made a mistake.
English speaking countries' people always say"Excuse me"when asking information from a stranger, entreat someone to making a way.
The difference between Chinese and English
The difference between Chinese and EnglishThere are so many differences between Chinese and English as a result of different culture, environment, and religion. There are some examples I list.Firstly, let’s say about the difference of colors. For ins tance , “Black Tea” in English , we call it “红茶”, because Chinese pay more attention to the color of water , but English pay more attention to the color of tea instead .Therefore ,it has different name in different language .In Chinese culture, “Blue” represents pleasure; the blue sky and the blue ocean always make people comfortable. However, in English, “blue” refers to depression, for example, “the blue” show the man is unhappy, people describe the Monday as “blue Monday” to express their depression.In Chinese, we are used to describing canary yellow as the color of millet, but in English, people prefer to describe it as the color of cream or butter. Different customs on food make thisdifference.Yellow, the color of honorable, represent the power of emperor whose almost everything is yello w. It’s the representation of old China. However, in English culture, yellow means depression, hated, and morbid, for example, yellow—bellied (胆小的) ,a yellow streak (生性怯懦),yellow card (黄牌), the yellow press(低级报刊) and so on.Secondly, there are some differences caused by different environment. In Britain, the summer is a pleasant season, so summer usually is described as lovely, warm or nice. But in China, the summer will be hot, and make people disgusted. So, people who do not know this would be confused when different culture people talk about the weather.Britain is an island country; people’s lives have a tight relationship with sea. However, mostly China is located in inland; people are more familiar with land. Therefore, there are some differences in proverb. For example, in China, if someone spends and wastes so much money ,we may say he is “挥金如土”, but in English, they will say “spend money like water”.Thirdly, I will show you some difference caused by different culture. “A man’s home is his castle”(个人空间是神圣不可侵犯的). In English culture, if you do not get the permission of the host, you could not walk around in the house, especially the bedroom. However, if you do that in a Chinese family, the host may think you are too prim, even he may think you are not polite.In China, if you treat your friends a meal, you may say “菜不多，请慢慢吃”,however, if you say this to a n English people, they will be confused, they would not understand you, if thus, you should say “help yourself”.The English proverbs “Talk of the devil, and he is sure to appear”and “Speak of angles and you will hear their wings”are familiar to Chinese “说曹操到曹操就到”. However, the former is related to the Western religion, the later is related to history.An English proverb “Without Ceres and Bacchu s, Venus grows cold” .When Chinese people read this sentence, they will be confused, Ceres and Bacchus don’t have any relationship with Venus, how this happen. In fact, the meaning of this sentence is “没有饭吃，没有酒喝，爱情再深也干涸”. This sentence is metonymy, “Ceres”refers to the food, “Bacchus” refers to the liquor, and “Venus” refers to love. People who don’t know that would not understand it.Lastly, I show you a example in advertisement. “She wants to put her tongue in your mouth”. At the first sight, you may th ink that this is a advertisement about dating. Actually, this is the advertisement of The Hong Kong Language learning Center. The key is “tongue”. If you translate it into just our tongue, it must cause so much Lenovo, but if you translate it into the language, the meaning is definite. She wants to teach you the language. So, when we translate another language, we should think about what is the real meaning of it.。
Differences between Chinese and English Thinking Modes 中英思维模式的不同
• S11a. Another idea suddenly struck me. • S11b: 我突然想到另一个主意。 • S12a. The second world war brought him rapid battle promotion. • S12b: 他在二战中屡建战功，晋升很快。
• S14a: He didn’t come because he was ill • S14b: 他因为生病而没来。
• （In consequence of such thinking modes, the Chinese would organize their speech in logic order by telling the causes before describing the consequences, and offering some prepositions before the deductive reasoning, and describing the facts before offering the speaker’s attitude. And even in the spacious or sequential order, they tend to list from the more general to the more specific. As for the sequence of importance or significance, it’s not difficult to see why they would begin with the most important or significant and then move on to the less important or less significant. The English speakers, with the assistance of conjunctions and prepositions, can be more flexible than the Chinese in this aspect.）
01. Basic Differences Between Chinese and English
错误英文搭配 fervid heart eliminate habit
错误来源（中 正确英文搭配 文搭配） 赤热的心 除去…习惯 除去 习惯
fiery heart break a habit assume heavy responsibility launch a big career
bear important 负担重任 task found big cause 创立大事业 receive good result
3.4 Reflective Meaning 望子成龙 望子成龙≠want one’s son to be a dragon →Chinese dragon / totem; loong 亚洲四小龙→ 呈祥≠phonex 亚洲四小龙 four tigers in Asia 龙凤呈祥 红茶→ 红茶 black tea，红糖 brown sugar，开门红 to ，红糖→ ，开门红→ begin well，to make a good start，红光满面 to be ， ，红光满面→ healthy and energetic，眼红 green-eyed. ，眼红→ red carpet，the red letter days. ， turn red；wave a red flag in front of somebody →惹人生 ； 惹人生 气；red with anger；in the red；red-handed →沾满鲜血 ； ； 沾满鲜血 当场抓住； 血战； 的；catch us red-handed →当场抓住； a red battle→血战； 当场抓住 血战 red herring →题外话 ；red ruin →火灾；red lining →圈 火灾； 题外话 火灾 圈 红线； 红衣兵； 红线；redcoat →红衣兵；Red Brigade →红色旅 红衣兵 红色旅
Differences Between Chinese and English Thinking Modes
Differences Between Chinese and English Thinking Modes Just like what the others said that” Language is part of culture”, C hinese language is part of Chinese culture, while English language is also part of English culture. language and culture are closely related.Of course ,what we would like to say about ”the difference between Chinese and English thinking modes” is largely depend on the language we use. Just because Language is an instrument used in the communication of thought.In my opinion, one of the reason why Chinese people and English people have different thinking modes is that people live in certain area may have something difference in geography, history, nation and so on ,and because of these difference they have their own way of thinking.Another reason why the east and the west people behave so differently is that people live in the East emphasize on ethic principal, morality, they focus on direct feeling and image. The westerners focus on freedom, democracy and emphasize on individual.Beside me, someone others also said something about this, such as “thinking patterns, thought characteristics and thinking styles are the philosophical mechanism of language production. Language actually attaches closely to the thought that is the profound mechanism.”,”a established system of thinking patterns, thinking methods and thinking procedures of the subject in their reflection of the objective world.”The difference between Chinese and English thinking modes have some influences on the other aspect such as translation and living habits.By comparison, It will not be hard for us to know that that they are of one thing but two aspects. Resulted from different cultural background, the differences of their modes ofthought have greatly determined their own languages. On the other hand, the languages also reflect and influenced their thinking patterns.Write by Mr loneliness.。
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Sheep/ship eat/it full/fool guang(光) guan(关) 光 关
• • •
is/are/was/were/be doing/ has been done what do you do? I wish I am rich. Open the window, please. Could you open the window, please? Would mind opening the window,please? Take on/off look forward to watch out
Baiming Liu journal of Qiqihar University Xianghui Liu Journal of Southern Yangtze University
solutions
How can we deal with these differences
• understand the different culture • change the way of thinking
comparison
primary differences between Chinese and English languages
English Chinese
uses logographic system
alphabet
has an alphabet
phonology
stress and intonation more vowel sounds different tense and verb use auxiliaries use of modal verbs phrasal verbs
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reason lists
main causes of languages differences
• • •
the distinct historical development process the different race background the cultural differences
Zhipei Zhou Wenguo Pan
Questinfromation from Baiming Liu, journal of Qiqihar University, 2009, P136-138 Xianghui Liu,journal of Southern Yangtze University,2006, P100-103 Zhipei Zhou, the comparison and trasformation between Chinese and English language, 2003, P172 Wenguo Pan, comparison compendium between Chinese and English, 1997
• • •
main differences between Chinese and English languages leading factors of these differences how to deal with these differences during interpreting and translating
four different tones
grammar
no different verb forms word order doesn't have this kind of lexical feature
vocabulary
examples of differences
language differences
Differences between Chinese and English languages
Student ID:6510328 Name:Fiona(Haijin Bi) Class: Tudor Rose
outlines
Main points preview