语义场视角的建筑工程英语词汇分析
建筑专业名词中英文对照
1．设计指标：statistics用地面积：site area建筑占地面积：building foot print 总建筑面积：total area建筑面积 floor area，building area 地上建筑面积：ground area地下建筑面积：underground area整体面积需求: Demand for built area 公共绿地：public green land备用地用地：reserved land容积率：FAR建筑密度：building coverage绿地率：green ratio绿化率：green landscape ratio建筑高度：building height层数：number of floors停车位：parking unit地面停车：ground parking地下停车：underground parking使用面积：usable area公用面积：public area实用面积：effective area居住面积：living area计租面积 rental area?租用面积得房率：effien开间 bay进深 depth跨度 span坡度：slope，grade净空：clearance净高：clear height净空（楼梯间下）：headroom净距：clear distance套内面积：unit constraction area公摊面积：shared public area竣工面积：辅助面积：service area结构面积：structural area交通面积：communication area，passage area共有建筑面积：common building area共有建筑面积分摊系数：common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积：public building area销售面积：sales area绿化覆盖率：green coverage ratio层高：floor height净高：clear height公用建筑面积分摊系数：public building area amount coefficient 住宅用地：residential area其他用地：公共服务设施用地：land for public facilities道路用地：land for roads公共绿地：public green space道路红线：road property line建筑线（建筑红线）：set back line用地红线： property line，boundary line第一轮：1st round计划和程序：schedule and program工程进度表：working schedule构造材料表：list of building materials and construction设计说明：design statement图纸目录和说明：list of drawings and descriptions项目标准：project standards总结：conclusion文本及陈述：封皮：cover目录：content技术经济指标：technical and economical index概念规划设计：conceptual master paln and architectural design基地分析：location analysis项目区位分析图：description of the region site and city space view analyze 概念构思说明：chief design concept指导思想（设计主旨）：key concepts概述：introduction宗旨：mission statement愿景及设计效果：vision and design concept城市空间景观分析：urban space landscape identity绿化景观分析：landscape analysis交通分析：traffic analysis生态系统：ecological system地块A：area A模型照片：model images案例分析：case study草图：sketches设计构思草图：concept sketches规划总平面图：site plan鸟瞰图：bird view功能分区图：function organization单体透视图：unit perspective1-1剖面图：section 1-1立面图：elevation沿街立面图：street elevation平面图：plan地下一层平面图：basement plan；B1 plan首层平面图：F1 plan；ground floor plan二层平面图：2F floor plan设计阶段 stages of design草图 sketch方案 scheme初步设计 preliminary design施工图 working drawing平面图 plan平面放大图 plan in enlarged scale剖面图 section立面图 elevation节点详图 detail drawing透视图 perspective drawings鸟瞰图 birds-eye view示意图 schematic diagram区划图 block plan位置图 location示意图：schematic diagram背景介绍：project background报告书目的：purpose of report专案区位背景：Context of 。
建筑工程名词术语中英文释义
建筑工程名词术语中英文释义一般术语1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计 design of building and civil engineering structures 在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程 civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程 highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程 railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程 port （ harbour ） and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程 hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程） hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
语义场理论视角下的英语词汇教学策略探析
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语义场理论视角下的英语词汇教学策略探析
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英文建筑专业词汇解释.doc
专业词汇解释Accessory:A supplementary building product, such as a door, window, skylight, ventilator, louver, etc.Anchor Bolts:Bolts used to anchor structural members to a concrete floor, foundation or other support. Usually refers to the bolts at the bottom of all columns and door jambs.Anchor Bolt Plan:A plan view of a building(s) foundations showing all dimensions and sections required to properly locate the anchor bolts, including the projections of the bolts above the concrete surface, required recess, etc. Column reactions (magnitude and direction), and base plate dimensions are also included.Angle:A hot rolled member with two legs forming a 90o angle.Approval Drawings:Drawings sent to the customer to verify design and dimensions and to verify the sales contract description of materials and services the manufacturer has agreed to furnish.Assembly:Two or more components bolted together.Astragal:A bent plate attached to one leaf of double sliding or hinged doors to prevent dust and light ingress.Auxiliary Loads:All specified dynamic live loads, other than the basic design loads, which the building must safely withstand. Examples are loads imposed by crane systems, material handling systems and impact loads.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Back-up Plates:Additional plates used in connections to provide sufficient bolt grip, allow for erection tolerances, or increase strength.Base Angle:A continuous angle fixed to the floor slab or to the grade beam to enable the attachment of wall panels.Base Plate:The endplate of a column which rests on the supporting substructure surface.Bay:The space between the center lines of frames or primary supporting members in the longitudinal direction of the building. Also called Bay Spacing or Bay Length.Bead Mastic:A sealant furnished in a continuous roll, normally used for sealing end laps of roof panels. See also Endlap Mastic.Beam:A horizontal structural member designed primarily to resist moments.Bent Plate:A plate bent to form an angle.Bill of Materials:A list of items or components used for fabrication, shipping, receiving, and accounting purposes.Bird Screen:Wire mesh used to prevent birds from entering the building through ventilators, louvers and roof monitors.Blind Rivet:A small headed pin with an expandable shank for joining light gauge metal. Typically used to attach flashing, gutters, etc. Also referred to as a Pop Rivet.Brace Grip:Galvanized steel strands formed into a helical hair pin shape that is wrapped tightly on the strand at the end of the cable brace.Brace Rods/Cables:Rods or cables placed diagonally in the roof and walls for the purpose of transferring wind loads to the foundations and longitudinally stabilizing the building.Braced Bay:The bay where bracing is provided.Bracket:A structural support projecting from a column or rafter to which another structural member is fastened. Example: Brackets supporting crane runway beams.Bridge Crane:Overhead traveling crane supported by rails which are in turn supported by crane runway beams.Builder:A general contractor or sub-contractor responsible for providing and erecting pre-engineered buildings.Building Codes:Regulations developed by recognized agencies establishing minimum building requirements for licensing, safety and functionality purposes such as setbacks, fire regulations, spacing and clearances. Building codes usually address acceptable design codes. An example of a building code is the Uniform Building Code (UBC).Building Width:The lateral width of the building measured from out to out of sidewall steel lines.Built-up Section:A structural member, usually an "I" shape, made from individual flat plates welded together.Butt Plate:The end plate of a structural member which usually rests against a similar endplate of another member to form a moment resisting connection. Also called Splice Plate, End Plate, or Cap Plate.By-pass Girt:The girt which passes continuously along the outside flanges of the columns.By-pass Mounted:See Exterior Mounted.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------"C" Section:A member formed into a "C" shaped profile by cold roll-forming from coils.Cable Catch Assembly:The operating handle used to open and close the ridge ventilator.Cables:Used for cable bracing. Can also be used to operate ridge vent dampers and for temporary bracing. See Brace Cables.Cantilever:A projecting beam that is supported and restrained at one end only.Canopy:An overhanging or projecting roof structure, below the eave level, supported at one end only.Cap Plate:A plate located at the top of a column or end of a beam. Also referred to as End Plate.Capillary Action:The action of water rising to a higher level.Catwalk:A narrow walkway used to provide access to mechanical equipment normally supported on roof platforms.Caulking:A sealant used in making watertight joints.Channel (Hot Rolled):A member formed, while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill, into a "C" shaped profile having standard dimensions and properties specified by a relevant standard specification.Checkered Plate:Flat hot rolled plate with raised checkered design to prevent slipping; used for industrial equipment platforms, catwalks, stair treads, etc.Clear Height:The vertical dimension from the finished floor level to the lowest underside point of the rafter.Clear Span:A building without internal columns.Clip:A plate or angle used to fasten two or more members together.Closer:Mechanical device, usually attached to a hinged door, which automatically closes the door.Closure Strip:Purpose-made foam fillers to fit inside and outside profiles of roof and wall panels providing a weather-tight seal. Also known as Foam Closure.Coil:A roll of steel sheet or wire.Cold-Formed Member:A light gauge structural member produced from coiled steel stock running through a series of rolls at normal room temperatures.Collateral Load:The static load other than the basic design loads such as sprinklers, mechanical and electrical systems, ceilings, etc.Column:A vertical structural member used in a building to transfer loads from the main roof beams, trusses or rafters to the foundation.Component:An independent part of an assembly.Concrete Notch:A rebate or notch formed along the edge of the concrete floor slab or grade beam, allowing wall panels to end below the floor level thus preventing ingress of dust or water.Continuous Beam:A beam which has more than two points of support.Continuous Ridge Vent:Two or more ridge ventilators mounted on the building ridge that allow air circulation. See also Ridge Ventilator.Corner Column:A column at any corner of a building. Corner columns may be primary rigid frame columns or post-and-beam columns.Counter Flashing:Trim used to connect the sidewall sheeting of a main building to the roof sheeting of a lower building.Crane:A machine designed to lift and/or move material by means of a hoist.Crane Beam:A beam that supports an overhead traveling bridge crane. On underhung bridge cranes, it also acts as a crane rail. Also known as a Crane Runway Beam.Crane Bracket:Structural support welded to the primary building frame to permit attachment of a crane runway beam. See also Bracket.Crane Bridge:One or two girders or box sections supported on end carriages. See also Bridge Crane.Crane Capacity:The maximum weight a crane can safely lift. Crane capacity depends on the standard design of the crane components and their supports.Crane Rail:Rail welded or bolted to a crane beam forming the track on which the bridge crane wheels travel.Crane Stopper:A small vertical member welded to the top of the crane beam to stop the crane bridge at the end of the crane run area.Cross Section:A view formed by a plane cutting through an object usually at right angles to its axes.Curb:Raised flashing around roof openings to form waterproof openings. See also Roof Curb.Curved Eave:Curved panels provided at the eave.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Damper:Baffle plate in a ridge ventilator that can be opened or closed using the cable catch assembly.Dead Load:The self weight of the pre-engineered building structure including all its components such as frames, floors, secondary members, sheeting, bolts, etc.Design Codes:Regulations developed by recognized agencies establishing design loads, procedures, and construction details for structures. Examples are: MBMA, AISC, AISI, AWS, etc.Diagonal Bracing:See Brace Rods/Cables.Door Guide:An angle, channel, or proprietary product used to restrain a door leaf or curtain during its opening and closing.Door Stopper:A clip bolted to the vertical door member to prevent opening beyond the door limit.Double Channel:Double or back-to-back "C" sections stitch-bolted together.Double Faced Tape:Used as an aid to fix fiberglass insulation.Double Sliding Door:Sliding door with two door leaves.Downspout:Cold-formed sheet metal section used to carry water from the gutter of a building to the ground or storm drainage system.Downspout Elbow/Shoe:Cold-formed sheet metal section, matching the downspout profile, attached to the lower end of a downspout and curved in such a way as to direct water away from a wall.Downspout Straps:Metal straps used to fix the downspouts to the sidewalls.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Eave:A line along the sidewall formed by the intersection of the inside faces or planes of the roof and the sidewall panels.Eave Gutter:Gutter at the eave of a building.Eave Height:The vertical dimension from the finished floor level to the top of the eave strut.Eave Strut:A structural member, located at the eave, used for supporting the roof panels and the wall panels.Eave Strut Clip:A clip used to support the eave strut.Eave Trim/Flashing:A sheet metal closure whose function is primarily to provide weather-tightness at the eave between the eave gutter and the wall panels.Edge Distance:The perpendicular distance between the plate edge and the center of the bolt hole.Elevation:(a) Distance above or below a prescribed datum or reference. (b) Engineering term referring to any wall view of a structure.End Bay:The first or last bay in the building, as opposed to interior bay. It is the spacing between the outside face of the outer flange of the endwall columns and the center line of the first interior column.End Lap:A term used to describe the lap at a purlin location where the end of one panel overlaps the end of the panel below it.End Lap Mastic:Sealant, in extruded bead form, used to seal end laps of roof panels for weather-tightness. Also called Bead Mastic.End Plate:A plate welded at the end of a member.Endwall:A term used to describe the entire composition of a building end. See Post & Beam Endwall or Rigid Frame Endwall.End Framing:Framing located at the endwall of a building which supports the loads acting on a portion of the end bay.Endwall Post/Column:A vertical member located at the endwall which supports the girts and endwall rafter.Endwall Rafter:Normally a cold-formed "C" section supported by end posts of post-and-beam endwalls. Endwall rafters can also be built-up or hot rolled sections if required by design loadsEndwall Roof Extension:Roof cantilevered beyond the endwall.Erection:The on site assembling of pre-fabricated components to form the complete structure.Erection Drawings:Drawings and erection instructions which identify all the individual components in sufficient detail to permit the proper assembly of all parts of the metal building system furnished by the seller.Expansion Joint:A weather-tight joint across the width of the building allowing for expansion and contraction.Exterior Mounted:A girt system where the girts are mounted outside the columns and are attached directly to the outside column flange. Also called By-pass Mounted.Eye Bolt:Used in conjunction with a hillside washer for tensioning cable braces.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fabrication:The manufacturing process usually performed in a plant to convert raw material into finished metal building components. The main operations are cold- forming, cutting, punching, welding, cleaning and painting.Fascia:An accessory whose function is to enhance the appearance of a wall. Also used to cover the eave or gable of a building.Field Work:Modification or rectification carried out on site.Fin Neck Bolt:Flat dome headed bolt used in framed openings, fascias, and mezanines.Finished Floor:Top of the concrete slab or the finished concrete surface.Fixed Base:A column base that is designed to resist rotation as well as horizontal or vertical movement.Flange:The projecting edge of a structural member.Flange Brace:An angle member extending between girts or purlins to the inner flange of columns or rafters respectively, to provide them with lateral support and stability.Flashing:A sheet metal closure used to provide weather-tightness in a structure.Flowable Mastic:Supplied in a nozzled cartridge. Used to seal overlapping flashing, gutter joints, etc.Flush Mounted:A girt system where the outside flanges of the girts and columns are flush. The girts are supported by the use of girt clips bolted to the column webs.Footing:Reinforced concrete base that provides support for a column.Force:The action of one body on another body which changes or tends to change its state of rest or motion. A force may be expressed in kilonewton(s) (kN), or other similar units.Foundation:The substructure which supports a building or other structure. Usually constructed in concrete.Framed Opening:Framing (headers, sills, and jambs) and flashing which surround an opening in a building. Usually provided to accommodate field installed accessories such as sliding doors, roll-up doors, etc.Framing:Primary and secondary members (columns, rafters, girts, purlins, brace cables, etc.) which when connected together make up the skeleton of a structure to which the covering can be fastened.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gable:The triangular portion of the endwall of a building directly under the sloping roof and above the eave height line.Gable Angle:An angle fastened to the purlins at rake for the attachment of endwall sheets.Gable Trim:A flashing designed to close the opening between the roof panels and endwall panels.Gage or Gauge:The distance between holes along the transverse axis of a plate.Galvanized:Steel coated with a layer of zinc for corrosion resistance.Girder:See Beam.Girt:Secondary horizontal member attached to the main frame columns. Girts normally support wall panels.Girt Clip:Angle clips used to connect girts to the endwall columns.Glazing:Installation of glass.Grade:Ground level (or elevation) surrounding a building.Grating:Welded framework of crossbars used in flooring of equipment platforms, platform walkways, catwalks and stair treads.Grout:Non-shrinking sand and cement based mixture used under base plates to obtain a uniform bearing surface.Gusset Plate:Steel stiffener plate used to help distribute load at a connection.Gutter:Pre-formed light gauge metal channel at the roof, along the sidewalls, or in valleys of multi-gabled roofs for the collection of rainwater.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------"H" Section:A steel member with an "H" cross section.Reinforcement bars used in distributing forces from the column foundation to the floor slab.Handrails:Horizontal and vertical pipes fixed to stair stringers, edges of mezzanine floors, openings in floors and platform walkways.Hangar Door:A large multi-leaf door that is used in aircraft hangars or similar buildings.Haunch:Intersection of the column and rafter. Also referred to as Knee.Header:A horizontal member over an opening in a wall.High Strength Bolt:Any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength in excess of 690 megapascal (MPa). Some examples are: ASTM A325, A354, A449 and A490.Hillside Washer:A washer having non-parallel faces normally used on brace cables or rods. Also known as Bevel Washer.Hinged Base:See Pinned Base.Hoist:A lifting device that is mechanically, electrically or manually operated.Horizontal Knee Splice:Horizontal connection of the column to the rafter.Hot Rolled Shapes:Steel sections (angles, channels, I-sections, etc.) which are formed, while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill, into a shape having standard dimensions and properties specified by relevant standard specifications.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Impact Load:A dynamic load resulting from the motion of machinery, craneways, elevators and other similar moving forces.Any material used in building construction for the reduction of heat transfer.Interior Bay:The distance between the center lines of two adjacent interior rigid frames.Intermediate Rafter Splice:Connection of two pieces of the rafter.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jack Beam:A primary horizontal member used to support another beam, truss or rafter.Jamb:Vertical member at the side of a wall opening.Jib Crane:A cantilever boom or horizontal beam with a hoist and trolley.Joist:A horizontal member for supporting the decking of floors or roofs.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Knee: See Haunch.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lean-To:A structure dependent upon another structure for partial support and having only one slope or pitch.Liner Panel:Interior wall or roof sheeting attached to the inside flanges of the girts or purlins.Lintel:A beam (either concrete or steel) in masonry walls placed above doors, windows or openings to support masonry above.Live load:Any variable load that results from intended use of the structure during its life time.Loads:Anything that causes a force to be exerted on a structural member. Examples of different types of loads are:a. Dead Loadb. Live Loadc. Impact Loadd. Seismic Loade. Wind Loadf. Crane Loadg. Auxiliary Loadh. Collateral LoadLongitudinal:The direction parallel to the ridge line.Louver:A wall opening provided with slanted blades, fixed or movable, to allow flow of air inside the building.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Machine Bolts:Mild steel bolts conforming to ASTM A307 standard specifications.Mastic:See Caulking.Mezzanine:An intermediate floor within a building above the ground floor that occupies all or part of the building floor area and consists of columns, beams, joists, deck panels and edge trims to receive reinforced concrete.Masonry:Construction materials such as bricks, concrete blocks and stone.Moment:The tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point or axis.Moment Connection:A connection designed to transfer moment, as well as axial and shear forces, between connecting members.Monorail Beam:A single beam support for a material handling system. It is normally a hot rolled "I" beam.Mono-Slope:A building sloped in one direction.Mullion:A vertical bar or pier between panes or sections of windows and screens.Multi-Gable Buildings:Buildings consisting of one or more gables across the width of the building.Multi-Span Buildings:Buildings with interior columns.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Notch:A rebate. See also Concrete Notch.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Panel:A piece of roof or wall sheeting. See also Sheeting.Parapet Wall:That portion of the vertical wall which extends above the roof line at the intersection of the wall and roof.Part Mark:A number physically marked on a piece or packing that identifies each component of the building for erection and shipping purposes.Partition:A non-load bearing interior dividing wall. It can sustain its own weight but does not support the ceiling or roof and is designed to withstand a maximum lateral load of 0.25 kN/m?Peak:The uppermost point of a gable. Also called Peak Point or Ridge Point.Peak Panel:Also known as Ridge Panel. Used to link and weather-seal roof panels on opposing slopes.Peak Sign:A sign attached to the peak of the building at the endwall showing the name of the manufacturer of the building. Also called Ridge Sign.Personnel Door:An access door.Pier:A concrete structure designed to transfer the vertical load from the column base to the footing.Pilot Door:A small access door within one leaf of a sliding door. Also called Wicket Door.Pin Connection:A connection designed to transfer the axial and shear forces between connecting members, but not moment forces.Pinned Base:A column base that is designed to resist horizontal and vertical movement, but not rotation.Pipe Flashing:Used in sealing roof penetrations.Pitch (Hole):Distance between center lines of holes along longitudinal axis of plate.Pitch (Roof):Slope of the roofPlan: Details of a building as viewed from the top.Pop Rivet:Used for joining flashing and light gauge metal trims. See also Blind Rivet.Portal Frame:Column and beam bracing used in lieu of standard diagonal cable bracing to provide clear access.Post-and-Beam Endwall:A system of endwall framing consisting of vertical columns (posts), with pinned ends, which support rafters (beams). These posts and beams are normally light members made from cold-formed sections.Pre-Engineer:To design and detail components beforehand.Pre-Fabricate:To fabricate parts in the shop beforehand. To manufacture standard sections that can be rapidlyassembled.Primary Framing:The main load carrying members of a structural system, generally the columns, rafters, and/or other main support members.Primer Paint:The initial coat of paint applied in the shop to the structural framing of a building for protection against aggressive environmental conditions during shipping and erection.Purlin:A horizontal secondary structural member, bolted to the rafters, which transfers the roof loads from the roof covering to the primary frames.Purlin Extension:A projecting secondary member used in roof extensions at the endwall.Purlin Line:The line joining the extreme outer, or exterior, edges of the purlins parallel to the frames.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rafter:A primary beam member supported on columns.Rake:The intersection of the plane of the roof and the plane of the gable.Rake Trim:The sheeting item joining the roof and wall sheeting at the rake. Also called Gable Trim.Reactions:The resisting forces, at the column bases of a frame, holding the frame in equilibrium under a given loading condition.Revision:A change that is made to the building design, component details, location of accessories, etc.Ridge:The peak, or highest point of a gabled building, which describes a horizontal line running the length of the building.Ridge Flashing:Continuous metal flashing used to close roofing material along the ridge of a roof. Also calledRidge Cap or Peak Panel.Ridge Connection:A connection, between two rafter members, which transfers the moment from one side of the connection to the other and maintains, under application of load, the same angle between the connected members that exists prior to the loading. See also Moment Connection.Ridge Sign:The manufacturer’s sign at the peak or highest point of the gable. Also called Peak Sign.Ridge Ventilator:The ventilator used at the ridge line.Rigid Frame:A structural frame consisting of members joined together with rigid (or moment) connections so as to render the frame stable with respect to imposed loads, without the need for bracing in its plane.Rigid Frame Endwall:A system of endwall framing where the main interior frame is used at the endwall mostly for the purpose of future expansion.Risers:The vertical rise of the steps of a staircase.Roll-Up Door:A door which opens vertically and is supported on a shaft or drum and runs along vertical tracks.Roof Covering:The exterior roof skin consisting of panels or sheets, their attachments, and weather sealant.Roof Curb:Weatherproof flashing used on roofs to support power ventilators or ducting. Roof Curbs can be fiberglass or sheet metal.Roof Extension:An extension of the roof beyond the endwall and/or sidewall of a building.Roof Monitor:Raised gable, or portion of the main building, located at the ridge, to allow lighting and ventilation.Roof Slope:The angle that a roof surface makes with the horizontal. Usually expressed in units of verticalrise to 10 units of horizontal run.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sag Rod:A tension member used to limit the movement of a girt or purlin in the direction of its weak axis before the installation of sheeting.Sealant:See Caulking.Secondary Framing:Members which carry loads to the primary framing. In metal buildings this term includes purlins, girts, eave struts, flange braces, etc.Seismic Load:The assumed lateral load acting in any horizontal direction on the structural system due to earthquakes.Self Drilling Fasteners:See Self Drilling Screws.Self Drilling Screws (SDS):Fasteners, used for attaching panels and trims to girts and purlins, which drill their own holes and eliminate the pre-drilling operation.Self Tapping Screws (STS):Have the same function as SDS but need pre-drilled holes.Sheeting:Profiled metal panels.Sheeting Angle:An angle used to support sheeting.Shims:Small steel plates used for levelling base plates or for packing between structural members.Shipping List:A list that enumerates, by part number or description, each piece of material or assembly to be shipped. Also known as Packing List.Shop Details:Drawing details for fabrication of parts and assemblies.Side Lap:A term used to describe the lap at the side or lengthwise direction of panels.Sidewall:A term used to describe the entire composition of a building side which is parallel to the ridge.Sill:The bottom horizontal member of a door or window opening.Simple Span:The term used in structural engineering to describe a support condition, for a beam, girt, purlin, etc., which offers no resistance to rotation at the supports.Single Slope Building:See also Mono-Slope.Skylight:A translucent panel used at the roof to transmit natural light. It is usually made of fiberglass.Slats:Flat strips used in the shutters of roll-up doors.Sleeve Nut:A long nut normally used to join two brace rods of the same diameter together. Also known as Coupling.Sliding Door:A single or double leaf door which opens horizontally by means of overhead trolleys or bottom wheels.Slot:An elongated hole.Soffit:The underside covering of any exterior portion of the metal building such as canopies, sidewall and endwall roof extensions.Soil Pressure:The load, per unit area, a structure will exert, through its foundations, on the soil.Soldier Column:A column, in sidewalls outside the main frame lines, located in extended bays to support sidewall girts, wall canopies and Lean-To’s.。
借助语义场理论提高初中英语词汇教学效率
借助语义场理论提高初中英语词汇教学效率
语义场理论是一种词汇教学的有效方法，它利用单词之间的语义关系和策略来提高学
习者的词汇掌握和应用能力。
在初中英语词汇教学中，借助语义场理论可以提高教学效率，使学生更好地理解和运用词汇。
语义场理论可以帮助学生建立词汇网络。
词汇是相互联系的，它们在语义上存在着一
定的关系。
通过语义场理论，教师可以引导学生理解单词之间的关系，例如同义词、反义词、上下位词等。
学生可以通过构建词汇网络，将新学习的词汇与已有的知识相联系，帮
助他们更好地理解和记忆。
语义场理论可以提高学生的词汇拓展能力。
在词汇教学中，教师可以引导学生通过词
汇场的拓展来学习和应用词汇。
当教授一个主题词汇时，教师可以引导学生联想与该主题
相关的其他词汇，扩展学习内容。
这样的教学方式可以帮助学生更好地掌握与主题相关的
词汇，同时也丰富了他们的词汇量。
语义场理论也可以引导学生运用策略进行词汇学习。
学习者可以通过将词汇放入具体
语境中，进行实际运用，帮助他们更好地理解和记忆词汇。
教师可以设计各种语境，让学
生在真实情景中运用所学的词汇。
这样的实践可以激发学生的学习兴趣，提高他们的学习
动力。
语义场理论及语用功能双重视角下的英语词汇教学策略
语义场理论及语用功能双重视角下的英语词汇教学策略摘要：本文从教学实践出发，重点阐述了授课教师如何将语义场理论运用于英语词汇教学，培养学生的语义场思维，扩大其单词量；同时，教师在教学过程中不可拘泥于具体单词孤立的词义，而应注重其在具体语境中的语用功能，以提高学生使用词汇的准确性与灵活性。
关键词：语义场理论语用功能英语词汇教学词汇的贫乏及在运用词汇时运用欠缺灵活性一直以来都是制约中国学生英语综合能力提高的两大瓶颈。
笔者认为，任课教师在授课时应以语义场理论（semantic fields）为指导，培养学生“场”的意识和观念，同时不局限于词汇的词义（literal meaning），而是着力强调词汇的语用功能（pragmatic function），激活学生的联想发散思维。
1.语义场理论的定义及其多维性的特点语义场理论是现代词汇学及语义学研究的一个重要成果，为词汇教学提供了理论依据。
这一理论指出，尽管语言词汇数目庞大，但它们不是孤立存在、杂乱无章的，而是各自联系、自成系统的。
可以说每一个语义场都是一个系统，在此系统内的每一个要素（词汇）都是相互联系相互影响相互制约的。
因为词语在内涵、搭配、社会及其他层面上均能产生不同意义，任何一个单词都可能辐射出多个语义场，所以语义场的多维性正是其最基本也是最重要的一个特点。
而根据同一语义场内不同词汇之间的相互联系，语义场又可以细分为：上下义义场（如在同一语义场中，fashion一词表示总的概念，是上义词，而skirt和t-shirt表示具体概念，是下义词）；同义义场（如mother tongue和native language就可以构成一个同义义场）；反义义场（如cold和hot便可构成一个同义义场）等。
值得一提的是，我们没必要拘泥于这几个基本语义场类型的分类。
我们完全可以从语义场的多维性出发，利用词与词之间千丝万缕的联系，根据自身的需要，建立新的语义场。
2.语用学的兴起及其对语用功能的强调语用学是一门新兴的独立学科，它与其他传统的语言学学科既有区别，又有联系：语用学兴起之前，语言学家都仅致力于语言本身的研究。
建筑工程汉英词汇
一、总平面General Plan, Plan, Plan Masse1、厂址选择The Selection of Mill Site厂址调查Site Investigation(1) 自然条件Natural Conditions1)气象Meteorology气象局Weather Bureau当地市政机关local municipal authorities云cloud雾fog日照sunshine阴天cloudy day晴天fine day雾天fogy day太阳辐射强度solar radiation intensity扩散强度diffusion intensity日照小时sunshine hour风：Wind逐日风向频率smoothly wind direction & frequency 风玫瑰wind rose平均或最大风速mean or maximum wind velocity(年、月、冬季、夏季) (=speed of wind) yearly, monthly,winter,summer 主导风向（冬季、夏季）prevailing wind direction( winter,summer) 风压wind pressure风荷载wind load台风typhoon飓风hurricane风速，最大，米/秒wind velocity; maximum m./sec.雨：Rain降雨量rainfall; amount of precipitation; rainfall （最大，最小，平均）volume(maximum, minimum, mean) 降雨强度rainfall intensity降雨日数number of raining days年总降雨量annual rainfall(mm)24小时降雨量rainfall in 24 hours一次降雨量不超过rainfall at one time is not more than(mm) 暴雨rainstorm; storm雨量公式formula of rainfall持续时间duration年降雨日数…天number of raining day…days per year 雨季：自…月开始至raining season starts from…to…,the …月止，其余月份为干季other months are dry season雷击时间thunder地震（以12级划分）earthquake(to be classified into 12grades)气温：Temperature温度（年、月、最高、最低、平均）temperature (yearly, monthly, highest,lowest, mean)平均温度（最冷月、最热月，年、月）mean temperature(coldest month, hottestmonth, yearly, monthly)绝对温度（最高、最低）absolute temperature(highest, lowest) 最高平均气温mean highest temperature最低平均气温mean lowest temperature绝对最高气温absolute highest temperature绝对最低气温absolute lowest temperature湿球wet bulb temperature干球dry bulb temperature封冻（期、日期）frost(period, data)严寒frigidity冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone采暖heating不采暖区region without heating采暖室外计算温度calculated outdoor temperature for heating 避风室外计算温度calculated outdoor temperature for （冬、夏）ventilation (Winter, Summer)大气压atmospheric pressure气压（绝对、平均）air pressure(absolute, mean)蒸发量volume of vaporization湿度：humidity相对湿度（年，月，最大，relative humidity(yearly, monthly, highest, 最小，平均）lowest, mean)绝对湿度（年，月，最大，absolute humidity(yearly , monthly, highest, 最小，平均）lowest, mean)水文：hydrology河流流域riverbasin河水泛滥flooding河流改道change of course支流river branch上（下）游up(down)stream河床river bed河床的冲刷scouring of river bands河道变迁shifting of river channel水位（最高、最低）water level(highest, lowest)最高洪水位highest flood(or tide)level洪水期flood stage地面水surface water地下水ground water地下水位underground water level 流量flow rate; discharge流速current velocity动水位dynamic water level静水位static water level分布范围scope of distribution2)地形；地势Topography; Land Forms地理geography经度longitude纬度latitude测量survey现场踏测site inspection地貌topographic features平原plain山区mountain森林forest河流river河岸bank, shore3)地质Geology工程地理engineering geology区域地质regional geology成因genesis地质年代geological age地质构造geological structure钻探misering钻孔boring地质勘探geological exploration天然地面natural ground人工填土hand filled earth地震烈度seismic intensityX级地震seismic intensity of grade X 防地震earthquake proof抗震设计earthquake resistant design 加速度acceleration微震microseism容震microseism土壤soil; earth地层stratum冲积层alluvium冻土frozen earth冰冻线frost line冰冻深度frost depth粘土层clay stratification砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土(墟姆) loam卵石层cobble stratification砂砾层gravel sand stratification碎石层broken stone stratification岩石层rock stratification淤泥层silt stratification粗砂coarse sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand粉砂silt流砂shifting sand; quick sand; running sand土崩soil slip滑坡slippage, landslip陷落carving断层fault地表earth surface古墓ancient tomb, old tomb枯井dry well试坑；探坑test pit密度density渗透seepage孔隙比void ratio干燥的dry湿的wet饱和的saturated可塑的plastic天然含水率natural moisture content(2) 基础资料Basic Data规划planning; scheme施工条件constructional conditions工作班制（一班，二班，三班）working system; shifts per day, 2shifts, 3shifts 日班day shift夜班night shift定额rating; quantum职工总人数total workers单身及眷属总人数total amount of single persons and families 电源power supply用电量power consumption（设备）容量或功率capacity备用电源reserve power supply供电电压supply voltage, power line voltage 水源water resource水质water quality用水量water consumption排水量drainage; discharge capacity水的试验water test给排水water supply & sewerage污水soil water; sewage生活用水domestic water生产用水production water supply工业用水industrial water supply动力供应power supply蒸汽消耗量steam consumption原料raw material材料material燃料fuel废料wastes产品product产量productive capacity; yield; output 生产类别classification of production生产流程production process生产能力productivity(3) 其他others区域经济社会情况regional economical & social situation 附近居民点nearby residential area人口population职业occupation规划planning, scheme市政建设规划city planning部门department当地居民local people土地征购价land price青苗赔偿费fee for the compensation of crops 房屋迁移费fee for removal of house预留地land for future extension；reserved land 规模scale, scope选厂报告report of mill site selection厂址调查site investigation指标index调查investigation研究research; study分析analysis结论conclusion优点advantage缺点disadvantage协作cooperation2、总平面布置General Layout坐标coordinate纵坐标ordinate横坐标abscissa基准点datum mark工厂区industrial district; industrial occupancy 福利区welfare quarter住宅区residential district商业中心shopping center公用事业、市政设施public utilizes市政工程public work公共场所public space方位orientation方向direction东，南，西，北East, South, West, North技术经济指标technical & economical index建筑面积Building area占地面积area occupied by buildings; built-up area 使用面积，有效面积usable area建筑体积volume of buildings展开面积total floor area厂区占地面积area of mill site; area of factory site 利用系数ratio of utilization结构面积structural area交通面积traffic area道路长度length of road围墙长度length of boundary wall (or fence) 道路及广场面积area of road & place露天堆场open storage堆场面积area of storage yard建筑物名称表list of buildings回车场turnaround停车场parking place道路road路面层pavement; road crust路基road bed空地open space人行道side walk; walk path; bypath车行道traffic lane特快车道expressway road快车道speedway慢车道cruising way隧道tunnel界线border line界限；边界boundary3、竖向布置Vertical Planning水准标点，标桩bench mark标高elevation绝对标高absolute elevation相对标高relative elevation设计标高designed elevation室外地面标高elevation of elvelled ground道路纵剖面profile of road室内地面标高elevation of floor level道路交叉点标高elevation of intersection of roads 等高线contour line零点线zero line土方earthwork土方工程量volume of earthwork挖方cutting; earth digging; excavating 填方filling; earth filling挖土高度height of cutting or filling土方平衡表volume of earthwork to be balanced 余土surplus earth缺土shortage of earth平整场地grading; leveling回填土earth refilling; backfill均衡挖填balance cuts & fills松土系数ratio of loose earth洼地depression填高地filled up ground边坡side slope斜坡slope坡向inclination土坡earth slope护坡slope protection; pitching of slpoe 毛石护坡rubble mound乱石护坡rip-rap protection of slope堤；陂dike; bank; embankment坝dam堰weir4、管道综合Combination of Pipeline管道平面布置general layout of pipe line 架空elevated; overhead地下underground管道pipe line; conduit管径pipe size管道系统pipe system管道铺设pipe laying; pipe installation 热力管道heating pipe line工艺管道process pipe line煤气管gas pipe line蒸汽管steam pipe氧气管oxygen pipe乙炔管acetylene pipe压缩空气compressed air pipe line油管oil pipe(line)电缆cable电缆沟cable trench暖气管沟（热力）heating trench室外管沟outdoor trench雨水明沟rainwater channel排洪沟tidal channel排水阴沟sewer阴沟sewer; under drain边沟side ditch; gully沟渠kennel; canal涵洞culvert明沟open channel, trench检查井inspection well5、绿化；风景设计Landscaping草坪lawn; sward; turf; sod树木tree灌木shrub乔木tree矮树丛bush花坛flower bed花园garden篱笆；栅栏；围栏fence园艺（学）gardening绿化地带green belt白松white pine落叶树deciduous tree铁叶树conifer, needle-leaved tree 阔叶树broadleaved tree杉木cedar6、铁路运输及其他Railway Transportation & others轨道railroad track标准standard rail窄轨narrow gauge rail轻便轨light rail专用线special siding道岔railroad switch道岔房railroad switch house转弯半径turning radius机车locomotive轨距track gauge火车站railway station终点站terminal station月台platform路基railroad bedding轨枕railroad sleeper; cross tie道碴ballast道钉rail spike; dog nailjunction rail隧道tunnel运输量transporting capacity水路运输waterway transportation航运vessel transportation桥bridge公路highway干道thoroughfares; arterial road; trunk road 城市干道city thoroughfares; city arterial road 交通traffic弯道turn交叉道crossroad船路waterway轮船steam boat小客车sedan公共汽车bus三轮汽车tricar载重汽车lorry heavy duty truck汽车automobile卡车truck运货车wagon无轨电车trolley bus手推小车，载重小滑车trolley港口port, harbour装卸loading & unloading电瓶车battery truck码头wharf二、结构structure1.荷载Load活荷载live load附加荷载imposed load; superimposed load 标准荷载standard load计算荷载calculated load静荷载；恒载dead load动力荷载dynamic load集中荷载concentrated load分布荷载distributed load最大轮压maximum wheel load雪荷载snow load风荷载wind load风力wind force标准风压值standard wind pressure value20米高处the height of 20 m.屋面积灰荷载roofing ash load地面荷载ground load堆放荷载stack load特殊荷载special load2.地基与基础Foundation Soil & Foundation埋置深度embedded depth设备基础equipment foundation墙基础wall foundation柱基础column foundation(footing)浮筏基础raft foundation条形基础strip foundation单独基础isolated foundation; Independent foundation 大方脚footing杯形基础cup foundation(socket foundation) 长颈基础elongated foundation联合基础combine foundation冻结深度frozen depth倾斜obliquity阶梯形基础stepped foundation地坑pit地槽trench打桩piling木桩log pile; logged pile;timber pile板桩sheet pile钢筋混凝土桩R.C. pile支撑桩bearing pile摩擦桩friction pile砂桩sand pile试桩test pile桩群pile group加撑，斜撑bracing沉陷settlement; yielding不等沉陷unequal settlement坍塌slump坍陷collapse换土replaced earth回填土backfill老土original earth (native soil)素土夯实rammed earth级配砂砾石grading of gravel sand砂垫层sand cushion允许地耐力allowable soil bracing pressure承载力load bearing capacity土压力earth pressure坚硬hardness松软土loose earth分层夯实earth compacted layer by layer验槽to examine trench土墙soil sample穴opening墓grave; sepulcher井well人工地基artificial ground; hand filled ground 天然地基natural ground填高地filled up ground滑动slide; sliding摩擦friction挖槽dig foundation trench有侵蚀性erosion回填back filling地窖cellar地坑pit切割cut切面高度section depth变截面variable cross section重心center of gravity3.木结构Wood Structure一级（二级、三级）木材1st(2nd、3rd)grade timber木节；木疤knot; knag方木square timber圆木round timber半圆木half round timber木板board板条lath含水率water content干燥drying夹板clamping plate垫块bearing block立柱post企口板grooved & tongued board(plank) 卧木sleeper plate; ledger凹槽groove凹刨槽fillister刨光；刨平planish搭接lapping拼接splice钻穿；钻孔drill hole钉牢nailed接头joint交错排序cross arrangement起拱线springing line起拱，反挠camber拱高springing height垂度sag扭曲warping弯曲bending开裂crack裂缝fissure; cleavage收缩shrinkage钢拉杆steel tension bar扒钉clincher; dog拉杆tension member钢兜“U”bar钢夹板steel clamping plate双螺栓double bolts屋架truss木屋架wood truss(wood frame)钢木屋架composite truss豪式屋架Howe truss半屋架semi-truss三角形屋架triangle truss梯形屋架trapezoid truss双柱屋架queen post truss单柱屋架king post truss下弦大料tie beam上弦人字木principas上弦top chord下弦bottom chord腹杆web member支撑，斜角撑strut; brace拉杆tension rod; sag rod风撑wind bracing吊杆hanger rod剪刀撑X-bracing人字撑herringbone bridging槽齿接合tooth joint舌榫接合tonguing舌槽接合（企口）tongue & groove joint紧密接触closely connected肢杆poling节间panel等节间equal panel节点荷载panel load脊檀ridge purlin连续檀continuous purlin简支檀simply supported purlin悬臂檀cantilever purlin顺纹抗拉强度tension strength paralled to grain 顺纹抗剪强度shearing strength paralled to grain 顺纹抗压强度compression strength paralled to grain 挑檐木overhanging eave timber挑梁（檐口）outrigger; overhanging beam牛腿；支架bracket填板filler plate填塞filling连接connecting接合junction4.砖石结构Brick Construction; Masonry Construction砌体；砖工brickwork清水砖ganged brick砂浆找平mortar leveling勾缝pointing points; rejointing错缝broken joint砂浆勾缝mortar pointing毛石砌体rubble bond水平灰缝horizontal mortar joint竖向灰缝vertical mortar joint水平钢筋horizontal reinforcement竖向钢筋vertical reinforcement网状配筋砌体reinforced brick-work砖标号brick marking砂浆标号mortar marking砖墙brick wall独立砖墩，砖柱independent brick pier砖垛brick pier扶垛buttress砖拱brick arch砖平拱brick flat arch钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel加筋reinforcing每搁X皮砖at X course of brick新旧砌体拉结bonding of old & new brick works 砌筑masonry窗间墙pier竖向砖槽vertical frog of brick横向砖槽horizontal frog of brick拉结条tie strip ;connecting strip挑砖brick corbel; corbel piece 清水砖墙plain brick wall砂浆强度strength of mortar用砂浆填实mortar filler墙身wall墙脚wall footing予埋木砖build-in wooden brick予留槽provided groove预留洞provided hole齿接toothing bond砍砖cutting brick脚手架scaffold; scaffolding; erecting frame 安装；吊装erection, lifting, hoisting稳定性stability安全系数safety factor操平leveling5.混凝土及钢筋混凝土结构Concrete & Reinforced Concrete Structure捣制（现场）cast-in –site; cast- in –place就地浇注pour-in-place一次浇灌at one pouring分二次浇灌poured in two operations二次浇灌层final grouting预制pre-cast浇灌；灌注；灌筑pour现场浇注混凝土pour-in-place concrete灌注接缝pour joint养护(指混凝土) curing蒸汽养护steam curing; steaming试块test block保护层protected coating蜂窝；麻面honey-comb & ballast缺角rupture angle震荡器vibrator模板form panel; formwork; shuttering 拆模form stripping活动模板adjustable shuttering施工缝build joint; construction joint装配式fabricated含钢率percentage of reinforcement弯起钢筋bent bar主力钢筋main reinforcement变形钢筋deformed bar无节钢筋plain bar附加钢筋additional reinforcement箍筋hoop reinforcement冷轧cold rolled冷拉cold drawn; cold stretched冷压cold pressed架立筋longitudinal tie rod构造筋structural reinforcement分配筋distribution reinforcement吊筋suspension bar双向钢筋two-way reinforcement镶入配件built-in fitting骨架framework钢筋网mesh reinforcement焊接网welding mesh弯勾；吊勾hook绑扎binding锚（定）锚栓anchor bolt伸入长度built-in length截断cut环向箍筋hooped reinforcement水平箍筋horizontal hooped reinforcement螺栓箍筋screw hooped reinforcement四肢箍double stirrups填充料filler粘度size填200≠砼grouted(filled)with grade 200 concrete找平层leveling course压光finished course(trowelled)to a smooth surface 随打随抹光to be trowelled as soon as placed, to be prowelledas the work proceeds边做边夯实to ram as the filling proceeds用砼盖住cover up with concrete开口箍U-stirrups闭口箍closed stirrups错开放置stagger板缝加筋reinforcement at joints端部填实ends pack with灌浆grouting喷射灌浆gunite裂缝crack, fissure凿毛hack板slab主梁girder次梁beam圈梁girt; girth; gird过梁lintel连系梁tie beam无梁楼板girder less floor梁垫块beam cushion block简支梁simply supported beam边梁boundary beam连续梁continuous beam托架梁truss girder悬臂梁cantilever beam框架frame桁架truss弓形桁架cambered truss柱post; pillar; column壁wall柱帽column head (column capital)柱座column base预制构件precast element预制大型屋面板precast large roof slab薄腹梁T-beam; thin webbed girder天窗架monitor frame管沟盖板trench cover槽形板trough plate空心板hollow plate纵肋longitudinal rib垂直支撑vertical bracing; strut临时支撑shoring允许偏差tolerance deviation允许误差allowable error对头接触焊接butt weld搭接焊接end lap weld柱间支撑bridging between columns纵向支撑longitudinal bracing上弦（下弦）横向支撑cross bracing of the top chord(bottom chord) 抗风柱wind column基础梁foundation beam混凝土标号concrete grade钢号steel mark钢筋屈服极限yield point of reinforcement贴角焊fillet weld点焊spot weld焊接接头试验test of weld joint抗拉强度tensile strength冲击脆性notch brittleness冷弯度cold bending grade炭、硫、磷含量 c.s.p contents6.钢结构Steel Structure钢号steel mark电焊electric welding焊接；焊缝（指钢板钢管等高热焊接）welding; welded焊条welding rod; electrode铆接rivet joint; riveted joint焊接缝（指铅皮锡焊）meams冲孔punch钻孔drill hole铆钉孔rivet hole普通螺栓common bolt精致螺栓turned bolt(finished bolt)花兰螺栓turnbuckle双螺帽double nuts埋头铆钉countersunk rivet半埋头铆钉countersunk & not chipped rivet人工焊接manual welding自动焊接automatic welding焊缝厚度depth of weld焊缝长度length of weld工厂焊接shop-welded工地焊接field-welded将螺帽焊牢nut welded with满焊full weld斜杆diagonal member翼缘flange铣平milling平板式支座flat bearing滚轴式支座roller bearing切割cutting节点板gusset plate支撑板bearing plate拼接板splice plate加劲板stiffener plate垫板bearing plate安装螺栓assembling bolt安装接头assembling joint实腹式柱solid web column格架式柱lattice column芬克式屋架Fink truss华伦式屋架Warren truss普腊式屋架Pratt truss腹杆web member腹板web plate螺杆bolt rod加劲肋stiffener压杆compression member刚架rigid frame人字形刚架gable bent rigid member实腹式刚架solid web rigid frame格架式刚架lattice rigid frame上弦接头top chord joint下弦接头bottom chord joint檀钢檀条channel purlin檀条拉杆purlin rod吊杆sag rod檀托purlin hanger受压杆计算长度unsupport length of compression member 细长比slenderness ratio铆钉间距spacing of rivets翼缘宽度width of flange截面高度section depth重心center of gravity螺纹screw thread开尾销split pin结构形式structure type7.特种结构Special Structure（1）水塔Water Tower水箱water tank支柱support水管water pipe修理平台platform for repairing进入孔manhole检查口inspection hole(2) 水池Reservoir; Water Storage Tank(3) 烟囱Chimney; Stack筒身chimney shaft里衬flue lining烟道chimney flue烟道口flue inlet出灰口clear-out door拉索tie rod(4) 筒仓Silo料斗hopper(5) 薄壳Shell圆柱形薄壳cylindrical shell双曲抛物面薄壳；扭壳hyperbolic parabolic shell双曲薄壳shell with double curvature折板结构folded plate structure悬索结构suspension cable structure沉箱caisson沉井open caisson(6) 吊车梁Crane Girder钢吊车梁steel crane girder钢筋混凝土吊车梁R.C.crane girder车挡stop掣动梁brake beam垫木cushion block轨顶标高top elevation of crane rail轮压wheel- pressure吊车修理平台platform for repairing crane三、建筑Architecture1.总项General Items计划任务书prospectus设计任务书design instruction设计阶段stage of design设计进度period of design设计范围scope of design初步设计primary design; preliminary sketch扩大初步设计enlarged primary design; enlarged preliminary sketch 技术设计technical drawing施工图working drawing方案比较scheme comparison; alternative scheme for competition 设计单位designer建设单位client施工单位builder; contractor, constructor工艺technology; process扩建extension改建rebuild建造，施工construction冬季施工winter construction消防fire protection耐火等级fire resistance rating防火距离fire protection distance生产类别classification of production防爆explosion proof工业建筑industrial building民用建筑civil building标准建筑typical building建筑形式（风格）architectural style古典建筑classic architecture古代建筑ancient architecture近代建筑modern architecture现代建筑conteinporary architecture跨度span开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multispan开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type高温high temperature保温thermal insulation恒温恒湿constant temperature and constant humidity隔声sound insulation; deafen隔音材料sound insulator吸音sound absorption deafening消音noise elimination; noise reduction 防振aseimatic; shockproof; anti-vibration 防潮damp-proof防水water-proof防寒winter-proof防腐anti-corrosive防尘dust-proof防锈anti-rusting层高floor height造价cost自然通风natural ventilation天然采光natural lighting遮阳sun shade日照sun shine太阳辐射热solar radiation屋面排水roof drainage有组织排水organized drainage无组织排水unorganized drainage防雨rain protection内落水interior drainage外落水exterior drainage轻型结构light weight structure伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint防震缝seismic joint变断面variable cross-section立面处理treatment of elevation麻丝嵌缝caulk; caulked工地；现场field建筑规范building specification; build codes 建筑原理architectonics建筑布局architectural composition建筑处理architectural treatment2.建筑物与构筑物Buildings & structures (1)工厂Factory; Mill; Plant; Works; Manufactory;Workshop; Manufacturing Plant 生产车间manufacturing shop辅助车间auxiliary shop生活间welfare units; welfare rooms机械加工间machine shop锻工车间blacksmith shop冲压车间press shop焊接车间welding shop热处理车间heat treatment shop机修车间machine repair shop铸造车间foundry金工车间smith shop木工车间carpenter shop附房（群房）annex(=annexe)电镀车间plating shop油漆车间painting shop装配车间fitting department; assembling department 包装车间packing department工作平台working platform皮带运输机栈桥conveyer gallery工具间tool room工作制度working system全年工作日annual working days维修工段maintenance (MTCE)栈桥trestle; trestle bridge仓库；货栈Warehouse; Storage; Godown 总仓库general storage成品库storage of finished production 原料库storage of raw material材料库material storage化学品库chemicals storage易燃品库fuel storage汽油库gasoline storage零件库spare parts storage纸库paper warehouse汽车库garage电瓶车库battery truck garage危险品库dangerous material storage 机车车辆库depot for locomotive wagons 自行车棚bicycle shed油罐oil tank(3) 动力设施Power Installation压缩空气站compressed air station煤气发生站gas generating station乙炔站acetylene station氧气站oxygen station锅炉房boiler house（4）给水排水工程Water supply & Sewerage 给水建筑water-works structure水泵房water pump house二级泵房repumping house循环泵房recirculation pump house深井泵房tube well pump house污水泵房sewage pump house水处理站（浮水站）water treatment station(plant) 污水处理站sewage treatment station(plant) 冷却塔cooling tower曝气塔aeration tower渗水井cesspool集水坑sump自流井artesian well化粪池septic tank(5) 行政建筑Administration Buildings办公楼office building办公室office厂长室director副厂长室vice-director经理室manager副经理室vice-manager秘书室secretary会计室accountant会议室meeting room; conference room会客室reception传达室lodge; gate chamber警卫室guard house门厅；穿堂；前厅entrance hall; vestibule; lobby; hallway 门廊porch走廊corridor连系廊；长廊gallery楼梯间staircase电梯；升降机elevator; lift自动电梯escalator; moving staircase(6) 生活及福利区Living Quarters & Welfare俱乐部club礼堂auditorium; assembly hall电影馆cinema; cinema theater放映室projection room剧场theater舞台stage舞厅ball-room; dancing hall观众厅auditorium休息厅rest room; foyer座位seat游艺室recreation room; play room 吸烟室smoking room小卖部buffet, kiosk食堂；饭馆restaurant内部食堂ness room餐厅dining room咖啡馆café厨房kitchen备餐pantry餐室dining room酒吧；酒吧间bar; bar room炉灶cooling stove公寓apartment防室，地下室shelter邮局post office问询处inquiry office行李暂存处cloak room候车室waiting room火车站railway station住宅dwelling house; residence;domestic building宿舍living quarter; dormitory家属宿舍family living quarter集体宿舍collective dormitory职员宿舍staff quarter卧室bed room男厕所men’s water closet(w.c.=lav.)女厕所women’s water closet(w.c.=lav.)干厕waterless toilet; latrine盥洗室lavatory; toilet男浴室men’s bathroom女浴室women’s bathroom淋浴室showers公共浴室public bathroom男更衣室men’s locker(room); changing room女更衣室women’s locker(room); changing room 起居室living room衣帽间cloak room贮藏室storage图书室library藏书室stack room阅览室reading room资料室reference room; recordingroom商店shop; store合作社cooperative store(shop)营业厅selling area; selling space理发室barber shop百货商店department store学校school实验室laboratory医院hospital疗养院sanatorium休养所health building; convalescent hospital休养地health-resort医务所；诊所clinic手术室operation room病房ward药房pharmacy; dispensary隔离室isolated ward托儿所nursery幼儿园kindergarten哺乳室nursery room招待所boarding house(7) 总项目General Items围墙boundary wall篱笆fence主要入口main entrance大门gate广场esplanade; plaza; place; square喷水池fountain旗杆flag pole3.屋面Roofing(1)屋顶roof平顶flat ceiling平顶龙骨ceiling joist吊顶suspended ceiling板条平顶lathed ceiling檐头平顶eaves ceiling弓形平顶cambered ceiling金属网粉刷平顶metal lath & plaster ceiling主龙骨main joist次龙骨sub-joist检查孔inspection hole屋脊ridge斜脊hip天沟valley gutter斜沟gutter檐沟；水落eaves gutter; rain-gutter坡度slope; inclination高跨比pitch分水线；分水岭watershed汛水flashing雨水斗roof drain水落斗leader head水斗lead head水落管down pipe; downspout汇水面积catchment area托勾gutter hock檐口eaves挑檐cantilever eaves飞檐overhanging eaves封檐板eaves board; weather board; eaves fascia 单坡屋面shed roof双坡屋面gable roof四坡屋面hip roof挡风板wind shield(2) 坡屋面Pitched Roof瓦屋面tile roof白铁屋面galvanized iron sheet roof石棉水泥瓦屋面asbestos cement sheet roof 挂瓦条lath of roof顺水条batten屋面板roof boarding油毡屋面asphalt felt roofing锯齿屋面saw-tooth roof, north-light roof 椽子rafter檀子，桁条purlin通风气楼ventilator山墙博风板，山头封檐板barge board; verge board山墙突瓦（檐边）verge平屋面flat roof小石子crushed pebble保护层protective coating(course)防水层water-proof course找平层leveling course隔热层;保温层heat-insulation course隔气层vapor proof course; vapor barrier 滴水槽throating; drip4.墙及隔墙wall & partition板条墙wood lath & plaster partition 花格墙lattice wall; perforated tracery wall ;grille 木隔断wooden partition轻质隔墙light weight material partition 玻璃隔断glazed partition空心砖隔墙hollow-tile partition钢丝网隔墙metal lath partition厕所隔断toilet partition淋浴隔断shower partition承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall密封墙air-tight wall外墙external wall内墙internal wall围护墙cladding填充墙filler wall窗间墙pier女儿墙;压檐墙parapet; parapet wall防火墙fire wall挡土墙retaining wall防潮层damp-proof course;d.p.c勒脚plinth雨蓬canopy遮阳板sun shield通风道air duct; ventilating duct垃圾道waste & rubbish chute散水apron; grade坡道ramp斜坡slope台阶entrance step阳台balcony压顶coping; capping牛腿bracket山墙gable wall地龙墙sleeper wall5.楼梯Stair楼梯间staircase室外楼梯exterior stairs室内楼梯interior stairs安全梯emergency exit ladder修理梯ladder for repairing防火梯fire escape staircase(ladder) 梯子ladder铁梯iron stirs; iron ladder垂直铁梯vertical iron ladder铁爬梯bent rung ladder上吊车梯crane ladder螺旋梯circular stairs; spiral stairs; screw stairs; newel stairs 级step踏板thread(pedal)挡板riser踏步突边nosing栏杆（小）柱balusters栏杆（正个）balustrade; railing扶手handrail楼梯梁stair beam楼梯平台stair landing楼梯井stair well防滑条non-skid insertion电梯electric lift; elevator自动楼梯escalator楼梯地毯stair carpet楼梯扣地毯梗stair rod6.地面及楼面Ground & Floor面层covering; finish结合层bonding course; binding course 垫层base; cushion基层bedding木地层wooden floor搁栅joist木辘砖地wood block floor硬木地板hardwood floor企口地板grooved & tongued flooring油毡地linoleum flooring地面泛水inclination of ground水磨石嵌条dividing strip for terrazzo席纹地板parquet floor7.门、窗Door & Window门洞口door opening窗洞口window opening木门wood door铁门iron door钢门steel door太平门exit双面弹簧门double acting spring door自关门swing door推拉门sliding door扯门underhung door防火门fire door保温门thermal insulation door转门；旋门revolving door折门；摺门folding door; accordion door滑动门rolling door卷帘门rolling shutter door密闭门air-tight door玻璃门glazed door;casement door; sash door 夹板门plywood door实拼门matchboard door; ledged door 锒板门paneled door铅丝网门wire door; chain link door门扇door lead门樘door frame门樘侧料（樘子梃）jamb门竖梃stile槽口notch铲口；高低缝rabbet门心板panel杜头板jamb lining固定窗fixed window腰头窗；楣窗transom window; fanlight中悬翻窗center-hung window(center pivoted window) 百叶窗shutter; louver window百叶片louvers; louver固定百叶窗fixed louvers调整活动百叶窗adjustable louvers上悬窗top-hung window木窗wood window钢窗steel sash纱窗screen sash通风窗ventilating window气窗ventilator; air outlet window天窗skylight; monitor; roof-light锯齿形天窗saw- tooth skylight单层窗single window。
建筑学专业英文词汇
建筑学专业英文词汇建筑专业英文词汇1建筑面积Construction2建筑用地Building land3容积率Volume ratio4绿地率Green rate5室外透视效果图Outdoor perspective renderings6室内透视效果图Interior perspective renderings7一层平面Layer plan8二层平面Second floor flat9剖面 Section10正北面Is north11正南面Is south12正东面Is east13总平面图General Plan14构图分析Composition analysis15设计理念Design：16设计说明Design Notes:17图纸Drawing18.主入口大门/岗亭(车行&人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )19.次入口/岗亭(车行&人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )20.商业中心入口 ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.21.水景WATER FEATURE22.小型露天剧场 MINI AMPHI-THEATRE23.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-124.观景木台 TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)25.竹园 BAMBOO GARDEN26.漫步广场 WALKWAY PLAZA27.露天咖啡廊 OUT DOOR CAFE28.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-229.木桥 TIMBER BRIDGE30.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE31.吊桥 HANGING BRIDGE32.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )33.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )34.特色踏步 FEATURE STEPPING STONE35.野趣小溪 RIVER WILD36.儿童乐园 CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND37旱冰道 SLIDE38.羽毛球场 BADMINTON COURT39.旱景 DRY LANDSCAPE40wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏41aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑42climate zones 气候带43collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水44cold 寒带45ecological impact 生态影响46exotic plant species 外来植物物种47garden pool 花园游泳池48landscape planning 景观规划49natural resources 自然资源50monolithic pavement 整体路面，整体铺装51package plants 丛生植物52plants, herbaceous草本的植物53private garden 私家花园54regional commercial 地区性商业55recycled water 循环水56区域规划分析图；district planning analyse drawing57总平面图；overall plangeneral layout ;site plan ;siteplan58交通组织分析图；traffic organization analyse drawing59建筑平面图；architechtural plan60建筑立面图；architechtural elevation drawing61建筑剖面图：architechtural section drawing62建筑内部流线分析图；architechrural interior flown line analyse drawing63鸟瞰图aerial view65流线图circulation drawing ；streamline chart66透视图: rendering67外观及主要功能区的透视图outlooking and key functional districts scenograph 68正立面透视图the scenograph of vertical plane目录a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course 混凝土地面concrete floor。
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语义场视角的建筑工程英语词汇分析
作者：韩薇
来源：《现代交际》2020年第16期
摘要：深入分析建筑英语词汇的特点，结合语义场理论，将建筑英语词汇的语义场界定划分成半专业建筑及专业建筑英语词汇义场，建筑英语包含的英语词汇分建筑制造工具、建筑本身及专业设备等。
可以将相近意义的词汇放在同一个语义场之内，达到集中记忆英语词汇的效果。
因此，从语义场视角分析建筑工程英语词汇，应识别同一个语义场对各类词汇的具体含义，优化语义场的工作，完美、高效地解决词语搭配的问题，提高建筑工程英语词语运用的准确率。
关键词：语义场建筑工程英语英语词汇
中图分类号：H313 ;文献标识码：A ;文章编号：1009-5349（2020）16-0088-02
语义场是从物理学“场”的含义中得来的，主要是指语义的类聚。
它重视一个词与全体词在语义上的联系，通过分析比较词与词之间的语义关系确定这个词的真正含义[1]。
语义场是一个语义系统中共同条件下，若干个具有共同义素的义位聚合起来的聚合体，大的语义场下面可以分出小的语义场，小的语义场下面还可以分出更小的语义场。
且同一语义场的词语之间存在着相互制约及相互依存的关系，一个词义范围的扩大或缩小均会受到周围词语的影响[2]。
语义场具有联系性、层次性、民族性等不同性质特点。
一种语言的语义系统，一般体现在语义场的关系和语义场内词与词之间的关系中。
语义场的研究成果是编好类义词典的基础，也是研究不同语言的语义对应关系的前提。
且不同语言的语义对应关系的研究成果对翻译工作，特别是机器翻译和语言教学有着较为积极的现实意义。
一、建筑工程英语词汇的特点分析
首先，建筑英语属于一门专业性较强的现代化英语学科，属于科技文体类的教学内容。
相对于普通英语专业来说，建筑英语专业有着自己一套独立、专业、系统的表达形式及专业词汇，有很强的专业特点。
在建筑英语中，有很多建筑专业术语的缩略词、名词化结构及词汇，有准确及规范的表达意义[3]。
如antefix（瓦檐饰）、isor（遮阳板）、antifoam additive（抗泡添加剂）、antiseismic construction（抗震结构）、arched beam（拱形梁）、architectural engineering（建筑工程）、area of structure（建筑面积）、cemen（水泥）、mortar and concrete （砂浆和混凝土）、argillute（泥岩）、aperture（孔口），等等。
这些专业词汇能准确地表达出建筑意义及概念，在建筑词汇系统中有较大的比重。
其次，建筑词汇是由普通的英语词汇转化升级而来，在建筑专业领域中被赋予了全新或截然不同的意义，如armored的中文意思是装甲、盔甲及为某人穿盔甲，但在建筑英语中特指专业的“护面”。
而die在英语中的意思是灭亡，在工程英语中是建筑工程中的“冲垫”。
再次，建筑英语中还存在着一些较为常见的缩略
语，如“draw ings-drg”在建筑工程中是“图说”的意思，“elevation-el”在建筑工程中是“高程”的意思，“elevator-elvr”在建筑工程中是“电梯”的意思。
缩略语通过特殊的构词方式准确地将建筑工程中的专业词义展示出来，提高了工作的效率和便利性，让人一目了然。
此外，英语建筑词汇的合成词构成较为简单，主要是将两个名词组合在一起，添加相应的修饰词语，蕴含着较多的信息量，能客观准确地传递多个信息，提高建筑工程英语的交流效率。
二、建筑工程英语词汇的划分
1.半专业建筑词汇场分析
半专业的建筑词汇场中，存在着较多的建筑词汇专业语义及非专业词汇语义，很多日常生活中使用的词汇被用在专业工程领域中，其语义、词性等受到程度不一的改变。
如flow这一词语，在生活中有“流动”等解释，在建筑工程领域中被解释为“流程”。
“run”在生活中最常见的意义是“跑、奔跑”，在建筑工程专业中是“工程运转或实施”的意思。
sound在生活中最为常见的意义是“声音”，在建筑专业中是“工程探测”的意思。
诸如此类，还有很多。
普通词汇在建筑工程的专业领域中，其语义也会随之发生一定程度上的变化[4]。
2.专业建筑英语词汇场分析
专业建筑英语词汇一般是指由建筑工程专业及相关领域特有的专业名词、术语及词汇等组成的词汇场，在这一词汇场内，英语词汇有较为广阔的覆盖面，且有较强的专业性，并在建筑的各个领域中被广泛运用。
每个领域都存在着与之相符合的英语词汇，这些专业的建筑英语词汇在日常生活的书面表达及口语表达中应用率较低。
如建筑英语中最常见的一些词汇“argillaceous limestone（泥质石灰岩）”“argillaceous rocks（黏土岩）”“argillizat ion（泥漿灌注）”“armored concrete（配筋混凝土）”，等等。
只有在建筑实践中不断地学习、积累，才能科学有效地掌握这类专业建筑英语词汇的分类系统，进而在实际的工程建筑中准确运用。
3.建筑英语词汇中的微观语义场分析
划分建筑英语词汇，一般将词汇的意义关系作为主要的判断标准：同一义场的建筑英语词汇的词义属于相关的关系，不管是不同点还是相同点的英语词汇，两者之间存在着较为紧密的联系，符合建筑英语语义场的定义和解释。
建筑英语的词汇意义之间存在着反义同义、上下义、整体与部分等关系，语义场可以划分为同义义场、整体部分义场及上下义场等不同类型。
如“hammer（铁锤）”“screw driver（螺丝刀）”“spanner（扳手）”等均属于安装工具“installation tool”的范畴，而同为表达建筑物的词汇building、structure、construction，在运用中又存在着较为明显的差异。
construction主要用于表达规模较大的正规建筑、建筑行业、建筑结构
等;building主要用于表达建筑的工厂、房屋及办公楼等;structure主要用于表达居住以外的建筑物，更多是表达建筑内在结构的意义等 [5]。
在建筑专业词汇同义义场与实际的运用之间存在
着较为紧密的联系，在实际的运用过程中应结合语义的重点及语境，有选择性地使用，以提高建筑工程英语词汇使用的准确性。
三、结语
全面分析建筑专业英语词汇的特点及划分，能帮助建筑行业管理工作人员在解读建筑英语词汇过程中，清晰地把握各个语义场中词与词之间的关系，提高建筑英语专业词汇使用的准确性，让语义场理论研究更加全面系统，不断丰富建筑英语词汇语义的研究内容。
参考文献：
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[5]Chen G ， Hou F ， Chang K .Regional decomposition analysis of electric carbon productivity from the perspective of production and consumption in China[J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research International， 2018， 25（2）：1508.
责任编辑：孙瑶。