2014Successful Writing Units 1-8
2014高三英语单元练习：Unit 1(牛津译林版选修8)
Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2012年常州模拟)—Hello，John，I'm sorry to tell you that I'm too busy to go to the exhibition with you.—________.The artist is said to be a very good one.A．That's all right B．That's too badC．It's a pity D．It's too disappointed解析：考查交际用语。
答语中“The artist is said to be a very good one”指的是“那位艺术家据说是很优秀的”，暗示“如果你不去就太可惜了”。
应选C项。
“It’s a pity.”表示“太可惜了，太遗憾了”。
答案：C2．She was on a diet，but she couldn’t________eating sweet food.Consequently，her weight was gained again.A．remove B．resistC．reject D．object解析：句意：她在节食，但她忍不住要吃甜食。
结果，她的体重又增加了。
resist“抵抗，抵制”。
符合句意。
remove“搬动，移动”；reject“拒绝”；object“反对”。
答案：B3.At first________，the bag seems made of real leather.But actually it is just an imitation.A．scene B．sightC．opinion D．look解析：句意：乍一看这个包是真皮做的，但实际上是仿制品。
at first sight“乍看”，为固定用法。
答案：B4．All the historic sites within the range of Three Gorges Reservoir have been________to some new locations high above.A．transformed B．transmittedC．transferred D．transported解析：考查动词词义辨析。
2014中考英语一轮复习练习手册八上第3课时Units1-3
中考英语一轮复习与练习八上第3课时 Units 1-3中考考点聚焦·谈论做某事多久一次。
·谈论健康，提出建议。
·谈论计划。
核心考点赏析重点单词1. although / though 作连词，意为“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
注意：although / though不可与but连用，但可与still, yet连用。
2. finish + (doing) sth. 结束；完毕；完成3. get + adj. 变得。
作系动词。
4. hardly几乎不；几乎没有。
表示否定意义。
特别注意的是在完成反意疑问句时，后半部分要用肯定形式。
5. keep 保持；使保持某种状态。
常用结构有：keep doing sth.继续做某事, keep sb. doing sth.使某人做某事, keep...+形容词。
6. spend +时间或钱数+ on sth. 或spend +时间或钱数+ (in) doing sth. 花费多少时间或钱做某事。
7. until / till 作连词，介词。
意思是“直到……之时；在……之前”，引导时间状语。
当谓语动词表示动作的延续性时，此时句子应当使用肯定形式；当谓语动词表示动作的短暂性时，此时句子应当使用否定形式。
同（近）、相似词或短语比较1. a few意为“有几个，有些”，修饰可数名词的复数，表示肯定意义。
few意为“没有几个；几乎没有”，修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义。
2. hear强调听到的内容和结果。
常用结构有：hear sth. 听到某事；hear +宾语从句；hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正做某事；hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事。
listen强调注意力集中，是不及物动词，不能直接带宾语。
若带宾语则必须加介词to。
3. forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过了的事。
forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做还没做的事。
初二英语下册第一到六单元整合作文题
初二英语下册第一到六单元整合作文题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Integration Essay on Units 1-6 in the Second Semester of Grade 8 EnglishIn the second semester of Grade 8 English, we have covered the first six units which have brought us a wide range of topics and new knowledge. In this essay, I will integrate the main points from these units and discuss the importance of each topic in our daily lives.Unit 1: Health and ExerciseIn this unit, we learned about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise and proper nutrition. We discussed the benefits of exercise such as improving physical and mental health, boosting energy levels, and reducing the risk of diseases. It taught us the significance of leading an active lifestyle and making healthy choices to promote overallwell-being.Unit 2: Technology and InnovationUnit 2 focused on the impact of technology and innovation on society. We examined how advancements in technology have transformed various aspects of our lives including communication, education, and entertainment. We also explored the benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements, highlighting the need for responsible usage and the importance of staying informed about new technologies.Unit 3: Environmental IssuesUnit 3 delved into the environmental issues facing our planet such as climate change, pollution, and deforestation. We discussed the consequences of human activities on the environment and the importance of taking action to protect our planet for future generations. This unit emphasized the need for sustainable practices and environmental conservation to mitigate the negative effects of climate change.Unit 4: Cultural DiversityCultural diversity was the central theme of Unit 4 where we learned about different cultures, traditions, and customs from around the world. We explored the significance of cultural diversity in promoting understanding, tolerance, and respect among individuals from different backgrounds. This unithighlighted the importance of embracing diversity and valuing the unique perspectives and experiences of others.Unit 5: Education and LearningUnit 5 focused on the importance of education and lifelong learning in personal and professional development. We discussed the benefits of acquiring knowledge, skills, and expertise through formal education, online courses, andself-study. This unit emphasized the value of continuous learning and the role of education in shaping individuals' future prospects and opportunities.Unit 6: Social Issues and AdvocacyIn Unit 6, we examined social issues such as poverty, inequality, discrimination, and human rights violations. We discussed the importance of raising awareness, speaking out against injustice, and advocating for positive change in society. This unit highlighted the power of advocacy in addressing social issues and creating a more just and equitable world for all.Overall, the topics covered in the first six units of the second semester of Grade 8 English have broadened our knowledge and understanding of various issues impacting our lives and society. It is crucial for us to reflect on the lessons learned and applythem in our daily lives to promote positive change and make a difference in the world. By embracing healthy lifestyles, staying informed about technological advancements, protecting the environment, embracing diversity, pursuing education, and advocating for social justice, we can contribute to creating a more sustainable, inclusive, and prosperous future for ourselves and others.篇2Title: An Integrated Essay on Units 1-6 in the Second Semester of Grade 8 EnglishIntroduction:In the second semester of Grade 8 English, we covered Units 1 to 6, which introduced us to various aspects of the English language, including vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, and speaking. This integrated essay aims to summarize and reflect on what we have learned in these six units.Vocabulary:Throughout these units, we have expanded our vocabulary by learning new words and phrases related to family, animals, hobbies, weather, food, and travel. We have also practiced using these words in sentences to improve our communication skills.Grammar:In terms of grammar, we have focused on topics such as the present simple and continuous tenses, the past simple tense, comparatives and superlatives, modal verbs, and prepositions of time and place. By mastering these grammar rules, we have become more proficient in constructing grammatically correct sentences.Reading:The reading passages in these units have exposed us to a variety of texts, including stories, dialogues, articles, and advertisements. By reading these texts, we have enhanced our reading comprehension skills and learned how to infer meaning from context.Writing:In the writing tasks, we have practiced writing different types of texts, such as emails, diary entries, reports, and descriptions. These tasks have helped us develop our writing skills and express our ideas clearly and coherently.Speaking:Finally, in the speaking activities, we have engaged in conversations, role-plays, and presentations to improve ourspeaking skills. By participating in these activities, we have gained confidence in speaking English and have become more fluent in our speech.Conclusion:Overall, Units 1 to 6 have provided us with a comprehensive understanding of the English language and have equipped us with the necessary skills to communicate effectively. By mastering vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, and speaking, we are now better prepared to use English in both academic and real-life situations. We look forward to continuing our English learning journey in the upcoming units and further improving our language skills.篇3Title: The Power of Perseverance - An Integrated Essay on Units 1-6 in the Second Semester of Grade 8 EnglishIn the second semester of Grade 8 English, we have covered various topics that revolve around the theme of perseverance. From stories of ordinary people achieving extraordinary feats to historical events that have shaped the world, the common thread that runs through these units is the power of resilience and determination in overcoming challenges. In this essay, we willexplore how the concept of perseverance is highlighted in each unit and the valuable lessons we can learn from them.Unit 1: A Man of Humble BeginningsIn this unit, we learned about the life of Abraham Lincoln, a man who rose from poverty to become one of America's greatest presidents. Despite facing numerous setbacks and failures throughout his life, Lincoln never gave up on his dreams and eventually led the country through one of its darkest hours. His story teaches us that success is not determined by one's background or circumstances, but by one's willingness to persevere in the face of adversity.Unit 2: Against All OddsThe story of Malala Yousafzai is a powerful example of perseverance in the face of extreme challenges. Despite facing threats to her life for speaking out for girls' education in Pakistan, Malala remained steadfast in her beliefs and continued to advocate for the rights of women and children. Her resilience in the face of danger serves as an inspiration to all of us to never back down in the pursuit of justice and equality.Unit 3: The Race for ChangeThe Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a pivotal moment in history that showcased the power of perseverance in the fight against oppression and discrimination. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks demonstrated incredible courage and determination in the face of violent resistance, ultimately leading to significant changes in civil rights legislation. Their unwavering commitment to justice and equality reminds us that progress is possible when we refuse to give up on our beliefs.Unit 4: The Spirit of ExplorationThe story of Amelia Earhart, the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, embodies the spirit of perseverance in the pursuit of dreams. Despite facing challenges and doubts from society, Earhart remained resolute in her goal to push the boundaries of aviation and achieve new heights. Her adventurous spirit and determination to defy expectations are a testament to the power of perseverance in the face of adversity.Unit 5: Overcoming ObstaclesIn this unit, we learned about the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and the importance of creating inclusive communities that support their needs. Through stories of perseverance and resilience, we gained a deeperunderstanding of the struggles faced by people with disabilities and the ways in which they overcome obstacles to live fulfilling lives. These stories serve as a reminder that with determination and support, we can overcome any challenge that comes our way.Unit 6: The Road to SuccessThe final unit of the semester focused on the importance of goal-setting and self-motivation in achieving success. By setting clear goals, creating a plan of action, and staying focused on our objectives, we can overcome obstacles and reach our full potential. The stories of successful individuals in this unit emphasize the role of perseverance in turning dreams into reality and inspire us to never give up on our aspirations.In conclusion, the units covered in the second semester of Grade 8 English have highlighted the significance of perseverance in achieving success and overcoming challenges. From the stories of historical figures to modern-day heroes, we have learned valuable lessons about the power of resilience, determination, and persistence. As we continue our academic journey and face new challenges, let us remember the importance of perseverance in reaching our goals and making a positive impact on the world around us.。
2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity California-education素材 新人教版选修8
California EducationCalifornia offers a unique three-tier system of public postsecondary education:∙The preeminent research university s ystem in the state is the University of California (UC) which employs more Nobel Prize laureates than any other institution in the world, and is considered one of the world's finest public university systems. There are ten general UC campuses, and a number ofspecialized campuses in the UC system.∙The California State University (CSU) system has over 400,000 students, making it the largest university system in the United States. It is intended to accept the top one-third (1/3) of high school students. The 23 CSU schools are primarily intended for undergraduate education.∙The California Community Colleges system provides lower division courses.It is composed of 109 colleges, serving a student population of over 2.9 million.California is also home to such notable private un iversities such as Stanford University, the University of Southern California (USC), and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). California has hundreds of other private colleges and u niversities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions.Public secondary education consists of high schools that teach elective courses in trades, languages, and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. Californi a's public educational system is supported by a unique constitutional amendment that requires 40 percent of state revenues to be spent on education.1。
大学英语精读预备级课后答案（Units1-
Unit 1 How to be a Successful Language Learner Text A Learning to Think All Over Again V ocabulary: 一．1 1 substituted substituted substituted 2 2 2 analogy analogy analogy 3 3 3 represented represented represented 4 4 4 associated associated associated 5 5 5 challenge challenge challenge 6 6 converted 7 concept 8 reduced 9 image 10 bundles 11 choose 12 pointed 13 instead 14 various 二．1 get away from 2 put together 3 getting into 4 broken into 5 a great deal 6 Over and over again 7 depend on Usage. 1 took 2 go 3 take 4 go 5 go Structure: 1 what caused the fire 2 what site of shoe your father wears 3 what looked like a ball 4 what our family and friends do for us 5 what she had bought for his birthday Translation 翻译翻译1. What the boy likes to do most is putting together building blocks. 2.In terms of previous working experience, John is the best choice for this position. 3.My physics teacher often often uses uses analogy to explain some difficult concepts. 4.With 4.With the the the help help help of of of his his his family family family and and and friends, friends, friends, Tom Tom Tom built built built up up up his his his publishing publishing business bit by bit. 5.Linda was not able to go to that famous college, but she planned to start all over again rather than give up the challenge. 6.This company has a very good public image. People always associate its product with high quality and good service. Unit 2 Parents Text A A Father, a Son and an Answer V ocabulary: 一．1 back and forth 2 destination 3 terminals 4 distinction 5 are not supposed to 6 bet 7 rotten 8 racial 9 board 10 inexpensive 11 delight 12 ride 13 pretended 14 increasing 15 valuable 二．1 come up with 2 turned out 3 hold on to 4 take over 5 picked up speed 6 head for Word Formation 1 reboarded 2 invaluable 3 inarguably 4 interracial 5 unlikely Translation 1. The children were pretty annoyed that their parents won’t allow them to play around the railway track. 2. I bet if I pick up a little speed I will reach the destination sooner than they do. 3. You don’t want to go out in such rotten weather. It’s better for you to stay home and stretch your legs and do some physical exercises. 4. It’s half past ten, and you are not supposed to be sleeping! It’s time to head for the airport to pickup your cousin. 5. Who came up with the idea to ask Mike to take over the Project. 6．The The school school school makes makes makes no no no distinction distinction distinction in in in treating treating treating students students students from from from different different racial backgrounds. Text B Father and Biscuits 1 oversleeping 2 disappointed 3 grades 4 parental 5 figure 6 fuss 7 have it in for 8 sack 9 attitude 10 come by 11 changed 1 有趣的是，当我们的年龄渐长的时候，我们对父母的看法会改变。
Unit8-复旦曾道明研究生综合英语(1)(修订版)
Unit 8 The Business World as a Hunting Ground
shipping bound for Britain. In April 1940 Germany occupied several Norwegian ports and all of Denmark. On May 10 the major German offensive in the west began with a lightning weep through the Netherlands and Belgium into France; by June 22 three-fifths of France, including Paris, was occupied, and the rest had become a neutral state with its government at Vichy. During August-September the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) launched massive bombing raids on Great Britain in an attempt to soften it up for a cross-Channel invasion. The Battle of Britain was won by the Royal Air Force, however, and Hitler postponed the invasion indefinitely.
marries?
Unit 8 The Business World as a Hunting Ground
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference
小学六年级英语上册1~8模的作文
小学六年级英语上册1~8模的作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Primary School Grade Six English Book 1-8 Module CompositionModule 1: My School LifeI am a student in Grade 6. I study at a school called Sunshine Primary School. It is a big and beautiful school with a large playground and colorful classrooms. I have many friends in my school and we study together, play together, and share our happiness and sorrows together. My teachers are very kind and they always help me with my studies. I love my school life and I will cherish every moment spent here.Module 2: My FamilyI have a small family consisting of my parents and a younger brother. My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. They always support me in everything I do and they are my role models. My brother is very naughty but he is also very lovable. We have a lot of fun together and I enjoy spending time with my family. I am very grateful to have such a loving and caring family.Module 3: My HobbiesI have many hobbies such as reading books, playing soccer, and painting. I like to spend my free time doing the things I love. Reading books takes me to a different world and enhances my knowledge. Playing soccer is my favorite sport and I enjoy playing with my friends. Painting is my creative outlet and I express my feelings through my art. Hobbies are important to me as they bring me joy and relaxation.Module 4: My Favorite SubjectMy favorite subject in school is English. I love reading stories, writing essays, and learning new words. English is a fascinating language and it opens up a whole new world of possibilities for me. I enjoy participating in English competitions and practicing my speaking and listening skills. I am determined to improve my English proficiency and become fluent in the language.Module 5: My Summer VacationDuring the summer vacation, I went to the beach with my family. We swam in the sea, built sandcastles, and had a picnic on the shore. It was a wonderful time spent with my loved ones and I will cherish those memories forever. I also visited my grandparents in the countryside and helped them with their farmwork. It was a refreshing experience and I learned a lot about rural life. Summer vacation is the best time of the year and I look forward to creating more memories in the future.Module 6: My DreamMy dream is to become a successful writer. I have always loved writing and I want to publish my own book someday. I am passionate about storytelling and I believe that words have the power to inspire and change lives. I am currently working on a novel and I hope to see it in print one day. Writing is my passion and I will never give up on my dream.Module 7: My Role ModelMy role model is Malala Yousafzai. She is a brave and courageous young woman who fought for girls' education in Pakistan. Despite facing threats and danger, she stood up for what she believed in and continued her advocacy for girls' rights. Malala's story has inspired me to be brave, to speak up for what is right, and to never give up on my dreams. She is a true hero and I admire her strength and resilience.Module 8: My Future PlansIn the future, I want to study abroad and pursue a degree in Creative Writing. I dream of becoming a renowned author andsharing my stories with the world. I also want to travel to different countries, experience different cultures, and broaden my horizons. I am determined to work hard, to never lose sight of my goals, and to make my dreams a reality. The future is full of possibilities and I am excited to see where life takes me.In conclusion, the primary school Grade Six English Book 1-8 modules have helped me improve my English language skills, broaden my knowledge, and enhance my creativity. I am grateful for the valuable lessons I have learned and the wonderful memories I have created. I look forward to continuing my English education and pursuing my dreams with passion and dedication. Thank you for reading my composition.篇2The first term of my sixth grade English class has been an exciting and challenging journey. From unit 1 to unit 8, we have learned a lot of new words, grammar structures, and reading comprehension skills. In this essay, I will share my experiences and reflections on each unit.In unit 1, we started with basic greetings and personal information. We learned how to introduce ourselves and have simple conversations with others. We also practiced asking andanswering questions about personal information, such as age, hobbies, and favorite foods. It was a good review for us, as we had learned similar content in previous grades.Unit 2 focused on daily routines and telling time. We learned how to talk about our daily schedule, including activities we do in the morning, afternoon, and evening. We also practiced telling time using both analog and digital clocks. This unit was practical and useful, as it helped us describe our daily routines more accurately.In unit 3, we studied different types of transportation and how to give directions. We learned vocabulary related to transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, and planes. We also practiced giving and following directions using prepositions and landmarks. It was a fun unit, as we got to pretend we were giving directions to a friend in a new city.Unit 4 introduced us to different types of food and restaurants. We learned how to order food in a restaurant, talk about our favorite dishes, and describe the taste of different foods. We also practiced reading menus and writing our own restaurant reviews. This unit made me hungry, as we talked a lot about delicious meals we would like to try.In unit 5, we learned about different types of jobs and professions. We studied vocabulary related to occupations, such as doctor, teacher, firefighter, and chef. We also practiced talking about our career aspirations and why we want to pursue certain professions. It was an inspiring unit, as we discussed our dreams and goals for the future.Unit 6 focused on sports and physical activities. We learned vocabulary related to different sports, such as basketball, soccer, tennis, and swimming. We also practiced talking about our favorite sports, describing sports events, and expressing our opinions about physical exercise. This unit was energizing, as we talked about our favorite ways to stay active and healthy.In unit 7, we studied the weather and seasons. We learned how to talk about different types of weather conditions, such as sunny, rainy, cloudy, and snowy. We also practiced describing the four seasons and how they affect our daily activities. It was a refreshing unit, as we talked about the beauty of nature and how weather impacts our lives.Unit 8 focused on holidays and celebrations. We learned about different festivals and traditions in English-speaking countries, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, and Halloween. We also practiced talking about our favorite holidays, how wecelebrate them, and why they are important to us. This unit was festive, as we shared our cultural traditions and learned about celebrations from around the world.Overall, my sixth grade English class has been a rewarding experience. I have learned a lot of new words, grammar structures, and reading skills that have improved my English communication abilities. I have also enjoyed the variety of topics we have studied, as they have expanded my knowledge and broadened my horizons. I look forward to continuing my English studies in the next term and building on the foundation I have developed in this term.篇3The first semester of the sixth grade English textbook covers Units 1 to 8, introducing various topics such as daily activities, family, school life, animals, and traveling. In this essay, I will highlight some key points from each unit and provide personal reflections on my learning experience.Unit 1 focuses on introducing the topic of daily activities. We learned vocabulary related to actions like waking up, eating breakfast, going to school, and doing homework. Throughrole-play and group activities, we practiced using these words insentences and conversations. This unit helped me improve my speaking skills and expand my vocabulary related to daily routines.Unit 2 is about family members and relationships. We learned how to describe our family members, such as parents, siblings, grandparents, and cousins. We also practiced using possessive pronouns like 'my' and 'your' to talk about family relationships. This unit was meaningful to me as I got to share about my own family and learn about my classmates' families.In Unit 3, we talked about school life and subjects. We learned vocabulary related to classrooms, subjects, teachers, and school supplies. We also practiced asking and answering questions about our favorite subjects and school activities. This unit was helpful for me to improve my listening skills and learn more academic vocabulary in English.Unit 4 explores the topic of animals. We learned names of different animals, their habitats, and characteristics. We also discussed the importance of wildlife conservation and protecting endangered species. This unit was engaging as we got to watch videos of animals in the wild and learned about their behaviors and ecosystems.Unit 5 is about traveling and transportation. We learned vocabulary related to traveling by different means like car, plane, train, and bus. We also practiced giving directions and talking about our travel experiences. This unit was practical for me as it helped me prepare for future trips and navigate inEnglish-speaking countries.Unit 6 introduces hobbies and leisure activities. We learned how to describe our hobbies and interests, such as playing sports, reading books, watching movies, and listening to music. We also discussed the importance of having hobbies to relax and unwind. This unit was enjoyable as I got to share about my own hobbies and discover new interests from my classmates.Unit 7 focuses on food and drinks. We learned vocabulary related to different types of food like fruits, vegetables, meat, and desserts. We also practiced ordering food in a restaurant and discussing our favorite dishes. This unit was deliciously fun as I got to learn about international cuisines and try new foods in class.In Unit 8, we talked about celebrations and festivals. We learned about different celebrations like birthdays, weddings, holidays, and cultural festivals. We also discussed traditions and customs associated with these special occasions. This unit wasfestive as we got to celebrate holidays from different cultures and learn about their significance.Overall, studying Units 1 to 8 in the sixth grade English textbook has been a rewarding experience for me. I have improved my English language skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing while learning about a wide range of topics.I look forward to continuing my English language journey and exploring new horizons in the next semester. English is not just a foreign language for me now, it has become a part of my daily life and an essential tool for communication and learning. I am grateful for the opportunities to study English and connect with people from different cultures and backgrounds. Thank you for reading my reflections on the first semester of the sixth-grade English textbook. I hope you found them insightful and inspiring. Let's continue our learning journey together and make progress in mastering the English language!。
【成才之路】2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 Section 1 Warming up
【成才之路】2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 Section 1 Warming up Pre reading, Reading & Comprehending强化练习新人教版选修7Ⅰ.单词拼写1．It is very ________(笨拙的) of me to step on your foot.2．I hope this summer holiday will be ________(有益的) to your study.3．It's difficult for the old woman to ________(适应) to the wet climate here.4．Nonresidents were refused ________(进入) into the region without permission.5．He failed in the exam because of his ________(缺席) from school.6．________(雄心) never dies until there is no way out.7．The 800met er run left the girls out of b________.8．Do you know the old man with a physical________(残疾)?9．The girl is________(外向的)and we all like her.10．The little boy was anxious to join his ________(同伴) playing football on the playground.答案：1.clumsy 2.beneficial 3.adapt 4.entry 5.absence 6.Ambition 7.breath 8.disability 9.outgoing 10.fellowsⅡ.完成句子1．我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
2014-2015学年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity California-history素材 新人教版选修8
California—HistorySettled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America; the area was inhabited by more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans. Large, settled populations lived on the coast and hunted sea mammals, fished for salmon, and gathered shellfish, while groups in the interior hunted terrestrial game and gathered nuts, acorns, and berries. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage, and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese João Rodrigues Cabrilho, in 1542, sailing for the Spanish Empire. Some 37 years later, the English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565. Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain.Spanish missionaries began setting up twenty-one California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios. The first mission in Alta California was established at San Diego in 1769.[9] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California), independence from Spain; for the next twenty-five years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos, emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants and traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California, harbingers of the great changes that would later sweep the Mexican territory. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail, and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross.The Bear Flag of the Republic of CaliforniaIn 1846, settlers rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe, and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma.The Republic's first and only president was William B. Ide,[10]who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt. His term lasted twenty-five days and concluded when California was occupied by U.S. forces during the Mexican-American War.The California Republic was short lived. The same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed in to Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States. Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the U.S. forces. After a series of defensive battles in Southern California, including The Siege of Los Angeles, the Battle of Dominguez Rancho, the Battle of San Pascual, the Battle of Rio San Gabriel, and the Battle of La Mesa, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing American control in California. Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war, the region was divided between Mexico and the United States; the western territory of Alta California, was to become the U.S. state of California, and Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah became U.S. Territories, while the lower region of California, Baja California, remained in the possession of Mexico.In 1848, the non-native population of California has been estimated to be no more than 15,000. But after gold was discovered, the population burgeoned with U.S. citizens, Europeans, and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the United States as a free state (one in which slavery was prohibited).The seat of government for California under Mexican rule was located at Monterey from 1777 until 1835, when Mexican authorities abandoned California, leaving their missions and military forts behind.[11] In 1849, the Constitutional Convention was first held there. Among the duties was the task of determining the location for the new State capital. The first legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854), although these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854[12]with only a short break in 1861 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento.Travel between California and the central and eastern parts of the United States was time-consuming and dangerous. A more direct connection came in 1869 with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad through Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains. After this rail link was established, hundreds of thousands of U.S. citiz ens came west, where new Californians were discovering that land in the state, if irrigated during the dry summer months, was extremely well-suited to fruitcultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat and other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.During the early 20th century, migration to California accelerated with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union. Since 1965, the population has became one of the most diverse in the world. The state is regarded as a world center of technology and engineer ing businesses, of the entertainment and music industries, and as the U.S. center of agricultural production.。
2014秋高中英语新人教版选修8 教学课件目标分析 方案设计 自主导学 Unit 1 Period Ⅲ课件
生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学
设
计 生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语
当 堂 双 基 达 标
法。
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新课标 ·英语 选修8
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●新课导入建议
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通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
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●教学流程设计
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④That is why today over 40% of Californians speak
Spanish as a first or second language.
教 学 方 案 设 计
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新课标 ·英语 选修8
[自我总结]
教 学
1. 名词性从句必须是________语序，引导词位于从句
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⑤It ________ that I had no money on me.
⑥The accident ________ yesterday.
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新课标 ·英语 选修8
【答案】 ①happen/occur ②occur ③taken place ④take
教 学
place ⑤happened ⑥happened/occurred
新课标 ·英语 选修8
Period Ⅲ Learning about Language
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教师用书独具演示
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