年产30万吨甲醇生产工艺初步设计

XXXX 大学

毕业设计

题目：年产30万吨甲醇生产工艺初步设计学号：XXXXX

姓名：XXX

年级：XXXX

学院：XX学院

系别：化工系

专业：化学工程与工艺

指导教师：XXXXX

完成日期：XXXXXXXXX

摘要

甲醇是简单的饱和脂肪醇，分子式为CH3OH。它是重要的化工原料和清洁燃料，用途广泛，在国民经济中占有十分重要的地位。近些年，随着甲醇下游产品的开发及甲醇作为燃料的推广，甲醇的需求量大幅增长。因此，经过分析比较各种生产原料、合成工艺后，本设计采用焦炉煤气为原料年产30万吨甲醇，以满足国内需求。

设计遵循“技术先进、工艺成熟、经济合理、安全环保”等原则，在充分论证国内外各种先进生产方法、工艺流程和设备配置基础上，选用以原料气经“栲胶脱硫、干法脱硫、甲烷转化、催化合成、三塔精馏”工艺路线生产甲醇。设计的重点是生产工艺设计论证、工艺计算及设备设计选型。此外，在设计中充分考虑环境保护和劳动安全，以减少“三废”排放，加强“三废”治理，确保安全生产，消除并尽可能减少工厂生产对职工的伤害。

关键词：焦炉煤气；脱硫；转化；合成；精馏

Abstract

Methanol is a simple kind of saturated aliphatic alcohols, of which the chemical formula is CH3OH. It is a crucial chemical raw material and clean fuel, which is widely used and plays a key role in the national economy. In recent years, with the exploitation of downstream products of methanol and the popularization of methanol as a fuel, there is an increasing demand for methanol. Therefore, through analysis and comparison of various raw materials and synthesizing process, the design uses coal gas of coke oven as raw material to produce methanol of 300,000 tons per year, in order to meet the domestic demand.

The design follows the principle of "advanced technology, mature process, economical rationality, safety and environmental protection”, and the gas of raw materials chooses the process route which is desulfurization of tannin extract, desulfurization through dry process, conversion of methane, catalytic synthesis, rectification of three columns to produce methanol on the basis of full demonstration on the advanced production methods, process and equipment configuration at home and abroad. The focus of the design is the demonstration of design of production process, calculating of process and selection of equipment. In addition, during the design environmental protection and labor safety have been taken into accounts in order to reduce the emissions of “three wastes”, strengthen the treatment of “three wastes", ensure the safe production, eliminate and minimize the damage of the production by plant on the workers.

Key words: gas of coke oven; desulphurization; transformation; synthesis; distillation

目录

附图

1．焦炉气储送流程图

2．原料气脱硫工艺流程图

3．甲烷转化工艺流程图

4．甲醇合成工艺流程图

5．甲醇精馏工艺流程图

6．甲醇贮存流程图

7．栲胶脱硫塔装配图

8．甲醇合成塔装配图

9．常压精馏塔装配图

10．合成工段设备布置图

11．精馏工段设备布置图

12．甲醇工厂总平面图

一．总论

1．概述

1.1甲醇的性质

甲醇是饱和醇系列中的代表，在常温常压下，纯甲醇是无色、不流动、易挥发、可燃的有毒液体，有类似于乙醇的性质。甲醇可与水、丙酮、醇类、酯类及卤代烷类等很多有机溶剂互溶，但不能与脂肪烃类化合物互溶。甲醇是最简单的饱和脂肪醇，具有脂肪醇的化学性能，其化学性很活泼，如氧化反应、氨化反应、酯化反应、羟基化反应、卤化反应、脱水反应、裂解反应等。其主要物理性质如下表：

表1-1 甲醇的主要物理性质[1]

1.2产品用途

甲醇是重要的一碳化工基础产品和有机化工原料，而且是重要的溶剂，广泛应用于有机合成、染料、医药、涂料和国防等工业，由甲醇出发可制取多种化工产品。目前甲醇深加工产品已达120种，我国以甲醇为原料的