医学专业英语词根——都记下来,你也可以看懂SCI

Suffix
Meaning
Example

-ac
pertaining to

属于，关于
cardiac: pertaining to the heart

心脏（病）的

-al
pertaining to
medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar
pertaining to
molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary
pertaining to

belonging to
ciliary: pertaining to the cilia

睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase
enzyme 酶
amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶

-cle
smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气
follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac

小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e
an instrument 仪器
auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal
pertaining to
laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia
condition; quality
phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic
pertaining to
toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics
study of; name of a science
paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in
substance 物质
insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism
process or condition
alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist
one who specializes in

精通于……的人
pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

-itis
inflammation refers to a part in

……部位的炎症
rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um
relation to a whole; related to

与……相关
endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜

-ive
characterizes by
antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

-let
tiny; small
droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment
the result or product of an action
development: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature

-oid
resembling; like

像
mucoid: resembling mucus

粘液样的

-ole
little; small
centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma
tumor; swelling refers to a doer
dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er
either a person or thing
receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体

-ory
characterized by; pertaining to
suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose
sugar
fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖

-osis
abnormal condition
onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲

-ous
pertaining to
poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes
bodies
ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体

-um
structure; thing; substance

结构，物质
magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属

元素）

-y
condition; act; process
dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix
Meaning
Example

-algia
pain; painful; condition
arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase
enzyme
protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast
embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎
hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-carcinoma
malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤
adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌

-cele
protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸
esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出

-centesis
surgical puncture 手术穿孔
paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-capnia
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cide
kill
germicide: (substance) which can kill germs

杀菌剂

-clast
cell
phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞

-dynia
pain
glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ectasia/

-ectasis
expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)
atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张

-ectomy
surgical excision or removal of
gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术

-edema
excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿
myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emia
blood condition
leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病

-emesis
vomiting 呕吐
hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血

-gen
something that produced or prouduces
pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体

-genesis
production 生产
spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生

-globin
protein蛋白质
hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素

-gnosis
knowledge
diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination

-gram
image; picture
electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.

Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram

心电图

-graph(y)
process of recording

记录过程
electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录

-iasis
condition; state

情况，状况
cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症

-iatry/

-iatrics
healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，

常指医学的一个分支
podiatry: treatment of foot disorders

足部医疗

-lith
stone
cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石

-logy
the study of
cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学

-logist
one who studies and treats
urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生

-lysis
breakdown, destruction
hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血

-malacia
softening
osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化

-mania
extreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症
kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖

-megaly
giant
acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症

-metry/

-meter
measurement
spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odynia
pain
cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛

-one
hormone荷尔蒙，激素
parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素

-opia
a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病
myopia: being short-sighted 近视

-opsy
to view
biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检

-osis
morbid condition病态的
sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症

-osmia
smell
anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失

-ostomy
process of making an opening into or a connection between

造瘘
gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术

-oxia
level of oxygen氧水平
hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧

-pathy
disease; diseased condition
ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病

-penia
deficiency
leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症

-pepsia
digestion
eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pexy
a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定
hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术

-phagia/phagy
eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽
dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难

-phil
attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物
basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞

-phobia
fear
xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia
formation; development
hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大

-phonia
voice
dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难

-plasm
formation; growth or substance of formation
cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆

-plasty
surgical repair
osteoplasty: surgical r

epair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术

--plegia
stroke; paralysis 中风
thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病

-pnea
breathing
eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸

--ptosis
a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移
hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂

-ptysis
spitting分散
melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰

-poiesis
production
hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用

-rrhage/

-rrhagia
bursting forth of blood 出血
menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多

-rrhaphy
surgical sewing or suturing
splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术

-rrhea
overflow
hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢

-(o)rrhexis
splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气
amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac

羊膜破裂

-sarcoma
malignant tumor developing from connective tissue
liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat

脂肪肉瘤

-schesis
a holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放
uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留

-sclerosis
a hardening
dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病

-scope
instrument for viewing
stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器

-scopy
process of examining visually
hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查

-spasm
involuntary contraction
angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛

-stasis
suppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止
hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding

止血，止血法

-stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄
laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄

-stomy
surgical opening to the outside of the body造口
colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术

-tention
pressure
hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压

-therapy
treatment
physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法

--tion
process
hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院

-tocia
labor; birth 生产
embryotocia: abortion 流产

-tome
tool for incision
arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀

-tomy
process of cutting into
gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术

-tropia
turning 转弯，变向
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

-trophy
nourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育
dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良

-uria
a condition of the urine（小便）
dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难

-version
turning
eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转

Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Prefix
Meani

ng
Example

a-/an-
without; not
aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症

ab-
away from
abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产

ad-
to; toward; near
adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的

acro-
a point or tip
acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲

alb-
white
albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者

amb-/

ambi-
both
ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋

amphi-/

ampho-
both; both sides
amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管

ana-
up; back again
anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢

Angio-
a blood vessel
angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤

ante-
before
antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

anti-
against
antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂

audi-
hearing; sound
audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定

auto-
self
autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体

bi-
two; twice
bicellular: two cells两室的

bio-
living organisms生命体
biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学

brady-
slow
bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carcin-
carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤
carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cata-
downwards; under; against;

along with
cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

centi-
one hundredth百分之一
centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米

co(n)-
with or together
consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的

contra-
against
contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

de-
removal or loss
decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的

deca-
ten
decagram: ten grams 十克

deci-
tenth
deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升

di-
two
diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

dia-
through; between; apart; across
diathermy: process of (treating) through heat

透热疗法

dis-
reversal or separate
disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dys-
bad; difficult; disordered
dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形

echo-
sound
echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/

ecto-
outside or outer
ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

en-
in; within
enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣

endo-
inside
endocardiu

m: membrane which lines the heart心内膜

epi-
on; over
epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery-
red
erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞

eso-
inward; within(向内)
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eu-
good
eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学

ex-/ exo-
out of
exhale: to breath out 呼出

extra-
outside
extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemi-
half
hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydro-
water
hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hyper-
higher or too much
hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症

hypo-
less or too little
hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾

in-
in or into
inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配

in-
not
incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次

infra-
below or beneath
infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌

inter-
between
interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intra-
inside
intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内

itro-
into
introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人

mal-
bad or abnormal
malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta-
changes
metaplasia: change of one tissue to another

化生，转化，组织变形

micro-
very small
microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞

mid-
middle
midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的

milli-
one thousandth
milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克

mis-
error or wrong
miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

multi-
many
multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇

noct-
at night
nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症

nona-
nine or the nineth
nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形

octa-
eight
octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的

odont-
teeth
odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders

onco-
tumours
oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学

oro-
mouth
orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的

pachy-
thickening
pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚

pali-/

palin-
against; pathologic repetition病态的重复
palindromic: (disease) which recurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pant-/

panto-
all
pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症

para-
similar to

or near; changed or beyond
paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/

penta-
five
pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine

戊糖尿

per-
through
percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的

peri-
around
pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎

pero-
deformed or defective畸形有缺陷的
peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs

四肢不全

pharmaco-
drugs
pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学

pleo-/

pleio-
too many
pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞

pluri-
more
pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的

pneum-/

pneunmo-
air or the lungs; breathing
pneumonia: inflammation of a lung

肺炎

poly-
touching many organs
polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症

post-
after or later
postprandial: after a meal 餐后的

pre-
before of in front of
premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产

presby-
old age
presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼

pro-/

supin-/

pron-
before or in front of

lying on the back

bend forward
prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后

quadri-/

quint-
four

five/fifth
quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time四胞胎

radio-
ray or radiation
radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法

semi-
half
semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂

sub-
under
submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的

super-
above; extremely
superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多

syn-
with; joint
syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments 韧带联合

supra-
above; over
suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺

tachy-
fast
tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速

tetra-
four
tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial diseases 四环素

trans-
across; through; beyond
transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person to another 传染

tri-
three
tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎

ultra-
beyond; excess
ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学

uni-
one
uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的

xen(o)-
strange; foreign
xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of different species 异种移植物