高考英语专题七定语从句

专题七定语从句

【知识要点】

一、定语从句的意义

形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。

二、关系词的用法

引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。

关系副词有when，where，why等。

关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.关系代词的用法：

1)由who引导的定语从句

关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.

（关系代词在从句中作主语）

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.

（关系代词who在从句中作主语）

2)由whom引导的定语从句

关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：

The man （whom）you met on the street is my father.

（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）

The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.

（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）

3)由that引导的定语从句

关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：

She is the woman that often comes here.

（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人）

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.

（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换）

Is there anything that I can do for you? （关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换）

The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)

4)由which引导的定语从句

关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：

He came late，which made the teacher angry.

（which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语）

That is the pencil （which）I lost yesterday.

（which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略）

5)由whose引导的定语从句

关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：

This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。（whose作定语，指人）注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具

体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。

如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)

2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点

1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

先行词为those时，宜用who。如：

Those who want to see the film sign up here.

一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。

The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.

昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。

2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：

There are two novels that I want to read.

There is no work that can be done now.

当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：

This is the book that was bought yesterday.

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.

以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：

Here is a film that will move anyone.

Here are two books that I will buy.

It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：

It is time that we should have a rest.

It is high time that they started out.

当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：This is the way that my father did this work.

She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。

在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.

我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。

当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：

This is the very pen that I am looking for.

The only book I want to read is missing.

在强调句子中，并且以who，which，wha t开头时。如：

Who was it that was lost? 究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？

当先行词前有序数词时。如：

You are the first person that I want to ask for.

This is the second book that I have ever written.

当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：