国际经济学题库英文版

Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.

themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.

2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .

3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.

4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*

LW a are the unit labor

requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW

Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLW< Pc/Pw

5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*

LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and

Foreign’s labor force. If LC a /LW a

LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals

（L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW

6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price

and factor price M

P ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧

∧

∧

∧

∧

〉〉〉〉 . That is,

↑↑M .

7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of

income. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.

8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity

to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.

to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.

to H-O 模型H-O proposition , o wners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.

to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）

13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .