化学工程与工艺专业英语课后答案
化学工程与工艺专业英语最全翻译_最全版本_大学
Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineering材料科学和化学工程几年以前，谁会想到一架飞机可以绕地球航行而中途不需要着陆或添加燃料？而在1986年新型的飞机航海者就做到了这一点。
航海者具备长途飞行能力的秘密就在于几年前还没有出现的先进的材料。
其机身大部分是由强度大、质量轻的聚合纤维用耐久的、高强度的粘合剂组装而成的。
而发动机润滑油是合成的多组分液体，可维持很长时间连续运转的润滑性。
这些特殊材料具有科学家和工程师们为满足现代社会的需求所发明的先进技术。
如运输、通讯、电子、能量转换这些工业的未来多依赖新的、先进的材料以及生产中所需要的加工技术。
近年来，在我们了解了如何把一些特殊的具有高性能的物质融入原材料并且怎样最好地在复杂设计中使用这些材料后，这方面已有了很大的发展。
材料科学和工程的革命为化学工程师带来了机会，也带来了挑战。
化学工程师凭借他们在化学、物理和数学方面的知识基础以及他们对传输现象、动力学、反应工程和过程设计的了解，能够创造性地解决现代材料技术中的问题。
但是他们一定要摈弃掉传统职业理念中“考虑大的”这个习惯，要有效地投入现代材料科学和工程中必须要学会“从小处思考”。
在制造现代先进材料时的关键现象是发生在分子级和微观的水平。
如果化学工程师要为这些新材料设计新产品和工艺就必须了解并且学会控制这些现象。
在下面选择介绍的几种材料领域里我们将叙述这种困难的挑战。
1．聚合物现代聚合物科学的时代属于化学工程师。
这些年来，聚合物化学家创造了大量的高分子和聚合物。
然而了解这些高分子是怎样被合成并加工以最大限度地具备理论性质仍然是研究的前沿领域。
一直到最近才开发了现代仪器帮助我们了解高分子之间、高分子与固体粒子、有机和无机纤维与其它界面之间的相互作用。
化学工程师正使用这些工具探索高分子的微型动力学现象，他们利用从这些技术中获得的知识，正在处理高分子间的反应以开发先进的工艺并制造新的材料。
化学专业基础英语答案
化学专业基础英语教案第1部分基础化学讲座（Part I Chemistry Lectures）第1章化学的本质（Chapter I The Nature of Chemistry）下面是一封小约翰（John C. Bailar, Jr., 父子同名时用于区别；senior, adj. n. 年长的，高级的；年长者）给一个朋友的信，他（小约翰）是伊利诺斯（州）（Illinois, [ili'nɔi(z)]）大学化学系部（faculty, ['fækəlti]）一名已经（has been）从教56年教员。
亲爱的克丽丝（Chris, [kris]）：这封信仅仅是关于你所提出的化学是什么和化学家在做什么这些问题的一个回答。
我很高兴你问及的这个学科/科目（subject）到底（all about, 关于…的一切，到处，附近）是什么的看法/观点（view），对于许多人来说，对这个问题都有一个扭曲的，或者至少是肤浅（superficial）看法/观点（看法/观点可以认为既是asked的宾语也是distored or superficial的宾语）。
正如这封信，我不确定我是否能给予你一个清晰的画面/解释（picture），但是我试图这样做。
当然了，你知道化学与物理学、地质学、天文学一道，是属于物质科学/自然科学（physical sciences）的一门学科。
生物科学（biological sciences），诸如植物学（botany, ['bɔtəni]）、生理学（physiology）、生态学（ecology）和遗传学（genetics, [dʒi'netiks]）是亲密关联的，但是也属于稍微不同的学科门类/种类（倒装句：亲密关联的，但是也属于稍微不同的学科门类/种类，是生物科学（biological sciences），诸如植物学（botany, ['bɔtəni]）、生理学（physiology）、生态学（ecology）和遗传学（genetics, [dʒi'netiks]））。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译完
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3. 我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及硫酸的接触法生产和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大仗的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到战后（1918-1939）。
date bake to/from: 回溯到dated: 过时的，陈旧的stand sb. in good stead: 对。
很有帮助1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合（人们）的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
专业英语unit13化学工程中的单元操作
Unit13Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering 第十三单元化学工程中的单元操作化学工程由不同顺序的步骤组成，这些步骤的原理与被操作的物料以及该特殊体系的其他特征无关。
在设计一个过程中，如果（研究）步骤得到认可，那么所用每一步骤可以分别进行研究。
有些步骤为化学反应，而其他步骤为物理变化。
化学工程的可变通性（versatility）源于将一复杂过程的分解为单个的物理步骤（叫做单元操作）和化学反应的实践。
化学工程中单元操作的概念基于这种哲学观点：各种不同顺序的步骤可以减少为简单的操作或反应。
不管所处理的物料如何，这些简单的操作或反应基本原理（fundamentals）是相同的。
这一原理，在美国化学工业发展期间先驱者来说是明显的，首先由 A.D.Lttle于1915年明确提出：任何化学过程，不管所进行的规模如何，均可分解为（be resolved into）一系列的相同的单元操作，如：粉碎、混合、加热、烘烤、吸收、压缩、沉淀、结晶、过滤、溶解、电解等等。
这些基本单元操作（的数目）为数不多，任何特殊的过程中包含其中的几种。
化学工程的复杂性来自于条件（温度、压力等等）的多样性，在这些条件下，单元操作以不同的过程进行，同时其复杂性来自于限制条件，如由反应物质的物化特征所规定的结构材料和设备的设计。
最初列出的单元操作，引用的是上述的十二种操作，不是所有的操作都可视为单元操作。
从那时起，确定了其他单元操作，过去确定的速度适中，但是近来速度加快。
流体流动、传热、蒸馏、润湿、气体吸收、沉降、分粒、搅拌以及离心得到了认可。
近年来，对新技术的不断理解以及古老但很少使用的分离技术的采用，引起了分离、处理操作或生产过程步骤上的数量不断增加，在多种操作中，这些操作步骤在使用时不要大的改变。
这就是“单元操作”这个术语的基础，此基础为我们提供了一系列的技术。
1.单元操作的分类（1）流体流动流体流动所涉及到的是确定任何流体的从一位置到另一位置的流动或输送的原理。
化学工程与工艺专业英语胡鸣UNIT 2
work can lead to useful applications. Thus physicists claim that but for the student and development of quantum theory we might not have had computers and nuclear power. However, to take a specifically chemical example, general studies on a broad area such as hydrocarbon oxidation might provide information which would be useful in more specific areas such as cyclohexane oxidation for the production of nylon intermediates. Aspects of synthesis could involve either developing new, more specific reagents for controlling particular functional group interconversions, i.e. developing synthetic methodology or complete synthesis of an entirely
industrial, chemist then this would be basic, fundamental (background) or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds. This is also labeled “blue skies” research. Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. In may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world ”will be apparent. Not that it will be provide a valuable training in defining and solving problems, i.e. research methodology for the research student who carries it out, under supervision. however, later “spin offs” from such
大学化学专业英语作业答案
英语作业答案第四页：1.You found that, in two experients,hardness and greenness in apples wenr together with sourness.在两个实验中，你会发现，苹果的酸度往往与它的硬度和颜色有关。
2.These vacuum tubes will see use in the output stage.这些真空管将在输出阶段起作用。
3.bio- biomaterial生物材料biotechnology 生物技术biodegrebable生物可降解的biomedicine 生物医学biocatalyst生物催化剂Biosynthesis生物合成nano- nanochemistry纳米化学nanostructure 纳米结构nanotechnology纳米技术nanotube 纳米管nanosecond纳秒anti- antibody抗体anticancer 抗癌的antioxidant 抗氧化剂antifoam 消泡剂antitumor抗癌抗菌素4.good knife 好刀good conductor 良导体good English 流利的英语good momey 高薪good soil 肥沃的土壤good oil 提纯的油Milk is good food for children.牛奶对儿童来说是很好的食物。
It is no good heating the material to such temperature.把这种材料加热到这个温度是没有必要的。
The works gave the machine a good checking,工人们给这台机器做了一个彻底的检查。
第十七页：1.纯苦杏仁苷的制备。
Preparation of pure amygdalin.HPLC-RI法测定大豆磷脂酰胆碱含量。
Determination ofphosphatidycholine in soybean by HPLC-RI..聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂的制备和性能研究。
化工专业英语试题及答案上课讲义
2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试1、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia () 4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )2、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.3、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）4、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
化学工程与工艺专业英语二共22页文档
work can lead to useful applications. Thus physicists claim that but for the student and development of quantum theory we might not have had computers and nuclear power. However, to take a specifically chemical example, general studies on a broad area such as hydrocarbon oxidation might provide information which would be useful in more specific areas such as cyclohexane oxidation for the production of nylon intermediates.
In simple terms research can be thought of as the activity which produces new idea and knowledge whereas development is putting those idea into practice as new processes and products. To illustrate this with an example, predicting the structure of new molecule which would have a specific biological activity and synthesizing it could be seen as research, whereas testing it and developing it to the point where it could be marketed as a new drug could be described as the development part.
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》全本
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries 1. the Industrial Revolution 2. organic chemicals 3. the contact process 4. the Haber process 5. synthetic polymers 6. intermediates 7. artificial fertilizers 8. pesticides 9. synthetic fibers 10. pharmaceutical 11. research and development 12. petrochemical 13. computers 14. capital intensive Some Chemicals Used In Our Daily Life
Food artificial fertilizers, pesticide, veterinary products Health antibiotics, β-blockers
Clothing synthetic fibers (e.g. polyesters, polyamides), synthetic dyes
Shelter synthetic polymers (e.g. urea-formaldehyde, polyurethanes), plastics
Leisure plastics and polymers (e.g. nylon)
Transport additives (e.g. anti-oxidants, viscosity index impovements), polymers, plastics
Unit 2 Research and Development 1. R&D 2. ideas and knowledge 3. process and products 4. fundamental 5. applied 6. product development 7. existing product 8. pilot plant 9. a emerging case 10. environmental impact 11. energy cost 12. technical support 13. process improvement 14. effluent treatment 15. pharmaceutical 16. sufficiently pure 17. Reaction 18. unreacted material 19. by-products 20. the product specification 21. Product storage
Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers 1. Mechanical 2. electrical 3. civil 4. scale-up 5. commercial-size 6. reactors 7. distillation columns 8. pumps 9. control and instrumentation 10. mathematics 11. industry 12. academia 13. steam 14. cooling water 15. an economical 16. to improve 17. P&I Drawings 18. Equipment Specification Sheets 19. Construction 20. capacity and performance 21. bottlenecks 22. Technical Sales 23. new or improved 24. engineering methods 25. configurations
Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals 1. inorganic chemicals 2. derive from 3. petrochemical processes 4. Metallic ores 5. extraction process 6. non-renewable resource 7. renewable sources 8. energy source 9. fermentation process 10. selective 11. raw material 12. separation and purification 13. food industry 14. to be wetted 15. Key to success 16. Crushing and grinding 17. Sieving 18. Stirring and bubbling 19. Surface active agents 20. Overflowing
Unit 5 Basic Chemicals 1. Ethylene 2. acetic acid 3. Polymerization 4. Polyvinyl acetate 5. Emulsion paint
High-volume sector Low-volume sector Production scale tens to hundreds of thousands tons per year tens to a few thousands tons per year
Products / a plant single product multi-products Operation manner continuous batch Price or profit fairly cheap very profitable Usage intermediates end-products
Challenges reduced demand, environment pollution Products in the sector sulphuric acid, phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, chlor-alkali, petrochemicals, commodity polymers
agrochemicals, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, speciality polymers
Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes 1. Ammonia 2. ammonia absorber 3. NaCl & NH4OH 4. Carbon dioxide 5. NH4Cl 6. Rotary drier 7. Light Na2CO3 8. Water
Product Raw material Major steps or Principal reactions Uses
Soda-ash brine, limestone ammoniating, carbonating, precipitating, filtering, drying, calcining raw material for glassmaking, sodium silicate; as an alkali
Chlorine brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H2O → NaOH +Cl2 +H2
as water purification, bleaching of wood pulp; production of vinyl chloride, solvents, inorganic chlorine-containing products
Caustic soda brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H2O → NaOH +Cl2 +H2
for paper-making, manufacture of inorganic chemicals, syntheses of organic chemicals, production of alumina and soap
Sulfuric acid elemental sulphur S +O2 → SO2 SO2 + O2 → SO3 SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
feedstock for fertilizers; production of ethanol, hydrofluoric acid, aluminum sulphates
Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea 1. kinetically inert 2. some iron compounds 3. exothermic 4. conversion 5. a reasonable speed 6. lower pressures 7. higher temperatures 8. capital 9. energy 10. steam reforming