E-commerce China 2011Q4 Financial Release
贝佐斯致股东的信

贝佐斯致股东的信To ourshareholders:致我们的股东:Ouch. It's been a brutal year for many in thecapital markets and certainly for shareholders.哎呦。
对资本市场的许多人来说,这是残酷的一年,当然对的股东来说也是如此。
As of this writing, our shares are down more than80% from when I wrote you last year. Nevertheless, by almost any measure, the company is in a stronger position now than at any time in its past.截至本文撰写之时,我们的股价比我去年写信给你时下跌了80%以上。
尽管如此,从任何角度来看,公司现在都比过去任何时候都处于更有利的地位。
·We served 20 million customers in 2000, up from14 million in 1999.2000年,我们为2000万客户提供服务,而1999年为1400万。
·Sales grew to $2. 76 billion in 2000 from $1. 64billion in 1999.销售额从1999年的16. 4亿美元增长到2000年的27. 6亿美元。
·Pro forma operating loss shrank to 6% of salesin Q4 2000, from 26% of sales in Q4 1999.预计营业损失从1999年第四季度占销售额的26%下降到2000年第四季度的6%。
·Pro forma operating loss in the U. S. shrank to 2% of sales in Q4 2000, from 24% ofsales in Q4 19992000年第四季度,美国预计营业损失占销售额的比例从1999年第四季度的24%下降到2%·Average spend per customer in 2000 was $134, up19%.2000年每位顾客的平均消费是134美元,增长了19%。
2011年各行业薪资水平

2011年各行业薪资水平司。
IT类:IBM China:销售(ISU,STG,SWG) 培训期6-9个月本科4800,研究生6000,14个月.转正后第一年base 7500,14个月。
南方基金IT部门:25w税前,另外还有一些福利不包括在内,硕士。
摩根斯坦利IT:18万base,奖金看表现。
穆迪KMV:计算机硕士:2500刀/月+绩效奖+年终奖,14个月。
在深圳14万。
岗位不同薪酬不同。
Microsoft:base 16.1w,什么都加起来也就19w左右,股票不是每年都给。
Google:软件工程师计算机硕士18万。
百度:应届计算机硕士:baidu se今年有好几等,17.8w,19.2,20.6w以及超牛的接近3 0w,都是package。
EMC:所有(奖金+福利)都加起来15.5w。
SK:年薪20万左右。
HP:sales,月薪5000-6000,其中有很大部分要自己找报销。
思科:sales,月薪7000左右,这是去完美国培训一年以后回来的身价。
咨询类:麦肯锡: 16万base,3000美元signing bonus。
BCG: 18万。
Bain:19万。
Monitor:19w (summer intern招进去的20w)。
奥纬: 20w。
罗兰贝格:15万base+3万bonus。
AC尼尔森:MT ffer letter上数据:工资4700(本科),服务满一年一次性发3600作为奖励。
能源类:斯伦贝谢:14万base,上井每天100美元补助。
Shell:7500,本研博一样。
12个月工资,超过12个月的属于bonus,Sales部门完成销量有3个月bonus,销量多则bonus多;其他部门有1-5个月bonus不等。
法国液化空气:扬帆国际管培项目offer(签三年)的待遇,国内半年7.8k/m, 国外1年半gl obal pay + relocation expense,国内1年12万+4万。
GE Energy:普通职位:硕士5k-6k×13;CLP(Commercial Leadership Program):6000*1 3,两年4个rotation,2个在美国,所有费用公司cover。
中国_80030000_锡条、杆、型材及异型材或丝(2003-2013)出口量及出口额

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服务内容: 整合全球各国官方政府的真实、权威贸易数据,支持产品、企业、港口、产地等多条件搜索,
提供全球进出口商之间的最新贸易交易数据,实现对行业、采购商、竞争对手等多角度全方位的分析、评估。
中出口额
数据样本如下: 出口额_月度_基础 值 单位 2013年12月 2013年11月
2013年10月 …… 2013年01月 2012年12月 2012年05月 …… …… 2003年09月 …… 2003年01月 XX 美元 2013年10月 XX 2013 美元年10月 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 XX 美元 出口数量_月度_基 础值 单位 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 千克 XX 双 XX 双 XX 双
326872.50 美元 170003.50 美元 345032.00 美元 352632.00 美元 1174707.00 美元 802827.00 美元 843309.00 美元 1023723.00 美元 1073496.00 美元 882208.00 美元 884543.00 美元 511269.00 美元 611568.00 美元 703283.00 美元 721056.00 美元 927941.00 美元 669648.00 美元 1070775.00 美元 905228.00 美元 1117435.00 美元 942995.00 美元 1061825.00 美元 969833.00 美元 1024310.00 美元 1776587.00 美元 1459469.00 美元
高职学生创业意向及创业信念量表设计与开发研究

创业意向(entrepreneurial intention ,简称EI )是潜在创业者对开展创业活动或实施创业行为所持有的一种主观态度[1]。
本研究以高职学生为对象,开发适合高职学生的创业意向测量问卷。
研究内容主要包含三个方面内容:一是在文献回顾、设计开放式调查基础上,归纳提炼出适合高职学生的测量题项,形成量表初稿;二是对初始量表进行试调查和修订;三是对测量量表进行信度和效度检验,最终形成高职学生创业意向和创业信念问卷。
1文献回顾戴卫和丹尼尔提出,创业者在实施创业行为过程中,影响创业活动的要素有创业机会、创业技能和创业意愿,这些要素共同作用,最终提高了实施创业活动的可能性[2]。
阿杰恩提出了计划行为理论,提出影响人们行为的因素有个人因素和社会因素[3]。
研究认为,影响创业意向的因素包括个人特质方面的因素和外部宏观环境因素。
计划行为理论(TPB )和创业事件模型(SEE 模型)经常被用于行为意向研究。
克鲁格等学者提出,运用计划行为理论研究创业意向预测效果良好,创业事件模型表现更为理想[4];但有学者认为SEE 模型比较注重个性特征和以往经验,用于研究大学生的创业意高职学生创业意向及创业信念量表设计与开发研究【摘要】计划行为理论已经被成功应用于多个学科领域,本研究旨在借鉴该理论开发高职学生的创业意向问卷,为进一步提出高职学生创业意向的干预措施提供依据。
研究首先提出量表设计与开发步骤,再结合开放式问卷设计各维度题项,通过对试调查结果的统计分析,开发的创业意向量表包含间接测量和直接测量两个部分,经过检验具有良好的信度和效度。
【关键词】创业意向;创业信念;量表设计;计划行为理论;因子分析【doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-7661.2020.04.015】【中图分类号】G715【文献标识码】A【文章编号】2095-7661(2020)04-0048-04Design and Development of Entrepreneurial Intentionand Belief Scale for Higher Vocational College Students(广东南华工商职业学院,广东广州510507)李宾,吴丽蓉Abstract :The theory of planned behavior has been successfully applied in many disciplines.This research tries to use this theory for reference to develop the questionnaire of entrepreneurial intention of vocational college students so as to provide the basis for further proposing interventions of vocational college students ’entrepreneurial intention.The research proposes the steps of scale design and development,and then designs the questions for each dimension.Statistical analyses were conducted according to the pilot study result.The entrepreneurial intention scale includes two parts:indirect measurement and direct measurement.The testing result shows that it has good reliability and validity.Keywords :entrepreneurial intention;entrepreneurial belief;scale design;theory of planned behavior;factor analysisLI Bin,WU Li-rong(Guangdong Nanhua Vocational College of Industry and Commerce,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China510507)[收稿日期][作者简介][基金项目]2020-08-14李宾(1974-),男,陕西宝鸡人,广东南华工商职业学院讲师,人力资源经济师,硕士,研究方向:人力资源开发与管理、高职教育。
Uptime数据中心可用性TIER等级

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2011 Uptime Institute
Who Is the Uptime Institute?
By users, for users Independent, vendor neutral, third party Global
North America (1993) Europe (2006) Brazil and Dubai (2011) Asia Pacific and Russia (2012) China (2013)
avoiding downtime Data centers may be data centers, but not all
data centers are not the same
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2011 Uptime Institute
Uptime Network “Make Better Decisions”
2010
2012
Trend Line Continues Upward: 2008, 2009 & 2010 Data above Line
FLASH Report: UPS Manufacturer Product Defect
PROBLEM
“B” Phase termination on output filters showing excessive heat.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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2011 Uptime Institute
Uptime Network Objectives
Uptime effectiveness
Increased availability Reduced CapEx and OpEx Managing perceptions, defending budgets,
2013国际地理奥林匹克多媒体测试真题

Multimedia TestPhoto: Fernando García-García, May 2013InstructionsThis test has 40 questions.Read the question on each PowerPoint slide carefully.We will also read the questions to you. Depending on the complexity of the question, we will give you 30 to 75 seconds for a question.Each question is multiple-choice. Choose A, B, C or D.Only one answer is correct.Mark your choice on the Answer Sheet with a circle around the letter that you want to select. If you make a mistake, delete the selected letter and make a new choice.We will read all questions to you againat the end of the test.What city was this picture taken in? It is the closest Q 1city to the equator that has hosted the WinterOlympic Games.A.BeijingB.NaganoC.SeoulD.TokyoQ 2What does this map represent?A.cereals exportsB.carbon dioxide emissionsC.total populationD.international tourists arrivalsWhat do the red areas in the map represent?A.Q 3zones of high levels of chlorophyll concentration B.the estimated coverage of the Great Pacific garbage patch C.zones of low mean annual sea surface temperature D.feeding grounds of several whale speciesThe diagram shows a Bradshaw Model for a river.discharge increasesQ 4Considering the flow from source to mouth,which of the following statements is correct?A.and efficiencydecreasesB.both discharge andturbulence increaseC.both load andvelocity decreaseD.gradient decreasesand velocityincreasessource mouthIn this picture, what are the season and time in Moscow?A. winter, early eveningB. summer, early morningC. summer, late morningD. winter, early morningQ 5In the picture you can see:Q 6A.an aqueductB.an embankmentC. a ravineD. a trenchPhoto: Nina Brander 2008These photos were taken in the same country.Q 7Which country is it on the map?AB DCQ 8Which of these natural hazards can be mitigatedby the structure in the picture?A.rock fallsB.riverbankerosionndslidesD.all of theaboveIn what month was this photo of a street in Manila Q 9most likely taken?A. FebruaryB. AprilC. JulyD. DecemberThe Richat Structure is currently thought to Q 10 be a symmetrical uplift. It is:A.an eroded anticlineB.a duneC.a river deltaD.a meteorite craterQ 11The red arrows point to ridges of debris. Whatis the name of this landform?A. cirqueB. drumlinC. eskerD. medial moraineSource: swisseduc.ch Photo by M. J. Hambrey, 2006According to the graph, which city size class is Q 12expected to experience the greatest rate ofpopulation growth between 1995 and 2025?A. less than100,000B. 500,000to 1 millionC. 1 to 5millionD. 10 millionand moreSource: World Urbanization Prospects, 2009Which phenomenon is shown in the movie? Q 13A. debris landslideB. mudslideC. pyroclastic flowD. snow avalancheQ 14Q __.These photos show religious buildings. Whichreligion do they belong to?A.BuddhismB.ChristianityC.HinduismD.IslamQ 15AWhich contour map matches the three-dimensional Bdraft shown below?DCE 16These time-lapsed images show the evolution of:A.the tropical rain forest in AmazoniaB. a landscape for the exploitation of tar sands in CanadaC. a landscape for industrial purposes in southern IndiaD. a landscape for agricuture in the south of SpainQ 17From left to right, what is the correct sequence matching these climate graphs to the following cities: 1: Athens (Greece)2: Chittagong (Bangladesh)3: Zinder(Niger)?A. 1, 2, 3B. 1, 3, 2C. 2, 3, 1D. 3, 2, 1Based on the table below, Q 18which of these Central American countries (marked on the map as A , B , C and D ) B DCis more likely to have the lowest emigration rate dueAto push factors?GDP per capitaAdult literacy rate Average annual Infant mortalityThis landform can be commonly found in all the Q 19following countries, except in:A. AustraliaB. ChinaC. JapanD. U.S.A.Imagine you are a local newspaper editor. Your reporter hands you four headlines for this picture. Which one most appropriately describes the feature in the photo?A. Ice Age is Coming!B. Landslide Threat!C. Retreat in 20 Years!D. Water Pollution Crisis!Q 20The picture shows a forest of bamboo, now popular as a flooring material in North America and Europe for its low environmental impact. Which feature does notA.five-year maturation periodck of pests and no need for fertilisercontribute to that reputation?C.majority of production in AsiaD.production leads to little soil erosionQ 21What economic sector does this network Q 22diagram represent?A. banking and financial servicesB. bio-industryC. fashion industryD. gold tradingQ 23The rock type shown in the picture is:A.conglomerateB.graniteC.sandstoneD.shaleWhich population pyramid is that of Vietnam?Q 24A BC DLook at the pictures below. What action should Q 25be taken when an earthquake occurs while youare inside a building?CD ABWhich continent do these animals inhabit?Q 26A. AfricaB. South AmericaC. AsiaD. EuropeWhich of the following biomass typesQ 27corresponds to a tropical rainforest?A BC DQ 28Which kind of weathering process is shown inthe photograph?A. biologicalB. frost wedgingC. haloclastyD. thermal stressQ 29What biome does this climate graph correspond to?A. coniferous forest B. rainforest C. savanna D. temperate deciduous forestQ 30The pictures below show a change in an urban environment. The process of this urban regeneration of an area is called: B. gentrification D. urban consolidationA. counter-urbanisation C. reurbanisationQ 31This animation of time-lapsed images shows the evolution of:A. Cairo B. Doha C. Dubai D. RiyadhWhich element is accurately represented over Q 32 the whole of the map with this map projection? A. direction between a feature and surrounding features B. distance between a feature and surrounding features C. shape of a feature D. size of a featureA. B. C. D.This time-series graph shows the projection of: business development plans for 15 members of the European Union (1014 €) iron ore mining growth (thousand tons per year) petrol price in world market (USD per litre) world population growth (thousand million people)Q 33A. B. C. D.This movie is a statement of the need for: wastewater treatment enforcement water consumption measurements in urban areas water control everywhere around the world clean drinking water for everyoneQ 34Q 35When the Earth is located at “point 3” in its orbit around the Sun, at which of these latitudes is the Sun’s noon elevation lowest? A. 23.5 °S B. 30 °N C. 30 °S D. 40 °NQ 36This map of Europe shows the spread of: A. the "Barbarian" invasions B. the Crusades C. the plague D. the establishment of medieval universitiesQ 37From the photo, what should you infer about economic conditions in the boy’s country? A. good social welfare system B. high GDP C. high inflation rate D. low crime ratesQ 38Based on this diagram of a river, in which of these sections are erosion and sedimentation processes dominant? A. erosion in 2 and 4; sedimentation in 1 and 3 B. erosion in 1 and 4; sedimentation in 5 C. erosion in 3; sedimentation in 7 D. erosion in 7; sedimentation in 8What situation does the cartoon comment on? Q 40A. Energy CrisisB. Global WarmingC. No Nuclear PowerD. Not In My Back Yard。
Chinese case study by XJTLU team
• IT: both pros and cons • CSR: both internal and external • Governance: TOC, risk management • Synergy • Inflation and international promotion …
Group diary
2.26-27
• case analysis and discussion within team
2.27
• send ideas and solutions to TCU team by email • receive TCU team’s idea via email
• Private and small bank
1987
The late 20th century
• Financial crisis • Exchange risk
2004-2008
• Direct financial markets • Rely too much on interest rate • Revolving credit • Fierce competition: retailing business, third-party payment platforms • Stricter capital policy
Strategy:
Both Strategy and management have pros and cons Agree pros and disagree cons
• Deeper market segmentation and new service offerings: diamond card • New issuance and marketing arrangements design “pull” strategy: focus online channel (a) reducing labor cost (b) reduce issuance cost per card • Actively developing merchants and e-commerce noncash payments ( online shopping, third party payment, new subsidiary for e-commence platform) • Integrating retail banking
weblogic8.1解除IP连接限制
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中国_38245000_非耐火的灰泥及混凝土(2003-2013)出口量及出口额
服务项目: 采购商数据库 竞争对手数据库 产品贸易趋势分析 竞争区域分析 需求区域分析 买家采购趋势分析 买家供应链分析 买家采购渠道分析 竞争对手贸易趋势分析 竞争对手采购链分析 链分析 、竞争对手贸易渠道分析等
出口额_月度_基础值 单位 2003年01月 2003年02月 2003年03月 2003年04月 2003年05月 2003年06月 2003年07月 2003年08月 2003年09月 2003年10月 2003年11月 2003年12月 2004年01月 2004年02月 2004年03月 2004年04月 2004年05月 2004年06月 2004年07月 2004年08月 2004年09月 2004年10月 2004年11月 2004年12月 105816.00 美元 66598.00 美元 141049.00 美元 92488.00 美元 103008.00 美元 111760.00 美元 52740.00 美元 30351.00 美元 51747.00 美元 65102.00 美元 68685.00 美元 81745.00 美元 56205.00 美元 73459.00 美元 145858.00 美元 173672.00 美元 79864.00 美元 115245.00 美元 134381.00 美元 146444.00 美元 205277.00 美元 124720.00 美元 159617.00 美元 267622.00 美元
服务价值: 掌握全部真实采购商以及采购商的详细交易信息 了解采购商的采购周期、采购频率、采购量价以及供应商构成 主动把控买家采购行为,准确评估买家贸易资信 有效维护老客户忠诚度,及时挽回已流失客户 掌握全球竞争对手的详细出口信息 了解竞争对手的最新贸易动态、出口状况以及其采购商分布 全面监测竞争对手贸易动向,及时调整企业发展战略 有效避免市场恶意竞争,提升企业市场竞争力
非洲电信运营商指南(2012) The Africa MNO Directory 2012
THE AFRICA MNO DIRECTORY 2012
February 2012 182 MNOs 600 Management contact PDF & irectory tracks mobile network operators; companies providing mobile voice services as their core activity using their own licensed spectrum frequencies across their own network of base stations. WLL, MVNO, WiFi and WiMAX (MNOs which also provide WiMAX are tracked) only operators are not included in The MNO Directory. Research for the directory has been conducted in house January 2012, for release February 2012. Subscriber data for the Africa & Middle-East section has been extracted from Blycroft’s weekly research service, Africa & MiddleEast Telecom-Week. Other subscriber data has been extracted from operators and regulators. Information such as network technology has been retained from previous editions, while fields such as ownership have been used as a guide to either confirm or replace information with the latest the research team could find. Management contacts are either as publicised by the operators or have been referenced within trade media during September 2011 to January 2012. All data, including subscriber data is provided on a where possible basis and is provided to assist in building a profile of each MNO. PROFILES Profiles contain company contact information, ownership and network technology information, subscriber data and management contacts. It is not always possible to provide 100% complete profiles. Contact info: Main telephone number(s), fax number, address and brand URL. Where a main telephone number is not available and the company has not offered one, we have listed a customer service number or similar rather than no number. In some instances this is in fact a main number too. Ownership: Name of parent company and URL. Network tech: GSM/CDMA/iDEN, GPRS, EDGE, 3G and 4G (LTE and WiMAX). The directory contains a lot of network technology information including HSDPA, HSUPD and HSPA+. Please note the directory does not provide a definitive listing of all active operators for each technology, the directory does not aim to list networks in trial status phases. MANAGEMENT CONTACTS The AFRICA MNO Directory 2012 contains over 600 named management contacts. These people are selected from the MNOs’ senior management teams and feature job titles such as President, CEO (Chief Executive Officer), CFO (Chief Financial Officer), CTO (Chief Technology Officer), CCO (Chief Commercial Officer) CMO (Chief Marketing Officer), Executive and Senior Vice Presidents plus other senior positions. It is not feasible to provide direct email or telephone numbers for these people so you will not find these within the directory; to get such information would require the individuals to volunteer their correct contact information for 3rd party marketing, which is something a senior executive will not do. (Be wary of any directory claiming to have this data as direct lines change too often to track and a large proportion of senior managers do not use standard format e-mail addresses, making these impossible to guess.) We aim not to list the same person twice, even though they may manage multiple MNOs across different countries. COVERAGE Africa: Algeria - Angola - Botswana - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cameroon - Cape Verde - Central African Republic Chad - Comores - Congo Brazzaville - Côte d'Ivoire - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Djibouti - Egypt - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Ethiopia - Gabon - Gambia - Ghana - Guinea-Bissau - Guinea-Conakry - Kenya - Lesotho - Liberia Libya - Madagascar - Malawi - Mali - Mauritania - Mauritius - Mayotte - Morocco - Mozambique - Namibia - Niger Nigeria - Réunion - Rwanda - São Tomé and Príncipe - Senegal - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Somalia - South Africa Southern Sudan - Sudan - Swaziland - Tanzania - Togo - Tunisia - Uganda - Zambia - Zimbabwe RESEARCH PROCESS The MNO Directory 2012 has been researched in house, lead by Mark Thomas, who has lead all of the research for the directory series since 2006 (MNO Directory, MVNO Directory, WiMAX Directory, and the Fixed Line Directory). Other in house material has been extracted from Africa & Middle East Telecom week, mainly the subscriber data for this region. The first stage of creating a new edition of the MNO Directory is to verify the list of operators is still valid. The researchers use several telecoms news feeds which track global changes. For this edition the researchers examined articles from January 2011 to January 2012, adding new operators, removing defunct entries and amending all those noted as changing ownership, names or launching new technology. Operators may however choose to action technology or ownership changes without notifying the media. The second stage is the main research stage which may take the form of Internet research or contacting the operators directly. Every operation is examined individually and updated as best possible. The main sources of information are MNO websites, parent companies, company filings, interim and annual reports, media / press releases, regulator pages and data, other trade media as well as blogs, conference companies and social networking sites. Where the last 3 sources are utilised the researchers have sought to find a secondary source to verify against. During the editing and proofing process the researchers cleanse the data further by removing obvious errors and enriching where possible. Blycroft does not accept liability for any losses resulting from purchasing or using this directory and notes that accuracy of information within the directory is based upon information presented by the operators themselves.
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Dangdang Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2011 Results Net Revenue in Q4 2011 Increased by 73% Year-Over-Year General merchandise revenue in Q4 2011 Increased by 210% Year-Over-Year
Beijing, China, February 23, 2012 -- E-Commerce China Dangdang Inc. ("Dangdang" or the "Company") (NYSE: DANG), a leading business-to-consumer e-commerce company in China, today announced its unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.
Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2011 Highlights • Total net revenues in the fourth quarter of 2011 were RMB1,231.8 million ($195.7 million), a 73% increase from the corresponding period in 2010. • General merchandise revenue for the fourth quarter of 2011 was RMB483.6 million ($76.8 million), an increase of 210% from the corresponding period in 2010, representing 39% of total revenues, compared to 22% in the corresponding period in 2010. • Total net revenues in fiscal year 2011 were RMB3,619.0 million ($575.0 million), a 59% increase from 2010. • General merchandise revenue in fiscal year 2011 was RMB1,094.1 million ($173.8 million), an increase of 179% from the corresponding period in 2010, representing 30% of total revenues, compared to 17% in 2010.
“I am pleased to report accelerated top line growth in the fourth quarter as compared with the first nine months of 2011. We managed to grow revenues in the fourth quarter and fiscal year by 73% and 59% year-over-year, respectively. In this highly competitive growth environment, we have full confidence that we can keep our accelerated growth momentum based on a well-managed, sustainable and differentiated strategy in 2012. Our new customer acquisition strategy was successful, bringing us 6.6 million new customers in 2011 while we maintained the new customer acquisition cost at a relatively low level,” said Ms. Peggy Yu Yu, Dangdang's Executive Chairwoman.
“We greatly widened our geographical presence with fulfilment centers in ten cities at the year-end of 2011, up from six cities at the end of 2010. We increased total warehouse capacity to 340,000 square meters from 180,000 square meters one year ago. Our well-paced and strategic expansion of warehouse locations not only meets the need of fulfilling the rapidly growing number of orders, but also allows us to provide better services to our customers,” commented Mr. Guoqing Li, Chief Executive Officer. “Meanwhile, we attracted some well-known vertical business-to-consumer e-commerce companies and off-line brand companies to our marketplace, which will be one of the major focus areas of our growth strategy in 2012.”
"During the fourth quarter we increased our marketing spending with an emphasis on our branding campaign. We are glad to see the positive impact on our momentum in new customer acquisition and top line growth. Operating expenses excluding marketing expenses have decreased as a percentage of revenue in the same period, reflecting the operating leverage of scaling the business," commented Conor Yang, Dangdang's Chief Financial Officer.
Fourth Quarter 2011 Results Dangdang’s total net revenues in the fourth quarter of 2011 were RMB1,231.8 million ($195.7 million), a 73% increase from the corresponding period in 2010.
Media product revenue for the fourth quarter of 2011 was RMB719.5 million ($114.3 million), representing a 33% increase from the corresponding period in 2010. General merchandise revenue for the fourth quarter of 2011 was RMB483.6 million ($76.8 million), representing a 210% increase from the corresponding period in 2010. Other revenue including revenue from third-party merchants for the fourth quarter of 2011 was RMB28.7 million ($4.6 million), representing a 111% increase from the corresponding period in 2010.
Dangdang had about 6.0 million active customers in the fourth quarter of 2011, representing a 38% increase from the corresponding period in 2010. Total orders for the fourth quarter 2011 were approximately 12.7 million, a 47% increase from the corresponding period in 2010.
Cost of revenues was RMB1,102.8 million ($175.2 million), representing 89.5% of total revenues, as compared to 77.6% in the corresponding period in 2010. The increased cost of revenues as a percentage of total revenues was primarily due to the increased percentage of the general merchandise products sold at Dangdang’s website, which have lower gross margin than that of media products, especially in the case of general merchandise of new subcategories. General merchandise revenue for the fourth quarter of 2011 was RMB483.6 million ($76.8 million), representing 39% of total net revenues, as compared to 22% in the corresponding period in 2010. Dangdang increased the packaging cost to make the packaging more durable and suitable for a wide range of products. Gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2011 was 10.5%, as compared to 13.8% in the third quarter of 2011 and 22.4% in the corresponding period in 2010. The decrease from last year was primarily due to competitive pricing, changes in product mix with a higher percentage of general merchandise, and promotional measures, such as using coupons which were deducted from revenues directly.