2018考研英语一大作文押题预测3：教育类_毙考题
2018年高考英语作文押题预测汇总
2018年高考英语作文押题预测汇总克服困难A sevenyearold girl named Anaya Ellick, who was born without hands, beat fifty competitors to win a national award for handwriting, which makes her parents proud and inspires many people.This story sets me thinking profoundly. Life can place a stumbling block in our way and definitely, it is always easier to give up than to hold on. However, like Anaya, constant effort yields sure success. If you pursue your goals with the courage of never giving up, you will succeed in whatever endeavor you take on.As high school students, we are bound to encounter the twists and turns life offers us. But when we think of those people who suffer more than us, we should have a more optimistic view on study and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way. Bear it in mind that we should keep going forward, even in the toughest time.小马过河：尝试A little horse, with his mother's encouragements, tried to cross the river himself and found it was neither as shallow as the cow had told himnor as deep as the squirrel had described.The story gives me a deep and lasting impression when reading it. It tells us that we should not fear the things we cannot predict. Instead, we should courageously face challenges ourselves and accumulate life experience little by little.I'd always wanted to go skating, but I doubted whether I could make it because some of my friends said it was very easy while others found it quite difficult. Fortunately, my elder brother encouraged me to give it a shot, so I did. During the practice, I found it hard to balance my body. I sought advice from experienced skaters and kept practising. It was because of the constant attempts I had made that I gradually got the skills of skating and was capable of balancing my body.From this experience, I am convinced that genuine knowledge comes from practice. Only when we experience everything on our own can we gain true knowledge for our life.网络诈骗，网络安全意识A girl from Shandong, who would soon begin her university life, was cheated out of 9，900 yuan due to personal information leakage. The heavy blow claimed her life, which aroused anger in society.The leakage of personal information is of great harm. Not only will people be frequently troubled by unwanted short messages or calls, but also people may be cheated out of money or be put in danger. Thus, the protection of personal information is of vital importance in order for common people to maintain a peaceful and safe life, as well as to protect one's own fortune.Here are the tips on how to protect one's personal information. Never click any link on phones or computers unless it can be utterly trusted. Also, avoid connecting smart phones to any untrusted WiFi in public places. Apart from the efforts of common people, the government must spare no effort to fight against criminals selling others' personal information.G20峰会：合作The Hangzhou G20 summit places much emphasis on global cooperation rather than competition. It seeks to cope with the current issues in various fields, which can't be resolved by a single country.It is apparent that cooperation is a necessity for success in such a competitive society. First and foremost, teamwork can help us achieve shared targets in a more efficient way. Furthermore, cooperation provides people with opportunities, learning to show respect for others. Those who lack such essential skills are certain to be wiped out of the team in modern society.The success our Chinese women's volleyball players achieved in the 2016 Rio Olympics is a striking example of the point. While we weren't on the winning side at first, we strived as a team to the last minute of the match. Without team spirit, we wouldn't have won the championship. It is cooperation that really counts in addressing problems we face.网络捐款A father, who posted his daughter's illness via WeChat to raise money for her treatment, was criticized by the public because he had the ability to cover the medical expenses.I'm in complete disagreement with the behaviour of the father. It's apparent that raising money on the Internet is an effective way to help those in need, which can not only assist them in getting through the hardships but also be helpful in creating a harmonious society. However, this father can afford the medical expenses but turned to others for help, which betrayed the public's trust and made them feel cheated.As far as I'm concerned, only when one is in desperate need can they seek for help from others. Meanwhile, the government and relevant authorities should make efforts to enhance the supervision of the identity of those seeking help and get to the truth of their problems.That's a touching story about an 11yearold boy who designed and carried out the “Pay It Forward” program and tried to make a difference to change the world for the better.Trevor's idea is brilliant. It's like an invisible bond which connects everyone together and enables kindness to widespread in every corner of the world. He not only puts his genius idea into action by doing a favour for three people, but also appeals to the recipients of favour to pay the favour forward.In my view, to change the world for the better, first and foremost, we should change ourselves for the better. So I will make a checklist of the bad habits I need to get rid of and the things I want to learn, which can motivate me to do some small changes every day. I will also appeal to my classmates to follow me by posting our checklists online and push each other to be a better self.父母把孩子照片放上网：网络安全Possible version 1：While it is common for a parent to post children's photos nowadays, people take different attitudes toward it. Some think it's beneficial while others are anxious about it.In my opinion, posting children's photos online is beneficial for people and makes a child better known. As a result, he is likely to have more chances to be successful in the future. It will also be easier for parents to communicate with other friends, for they have more to share with each other. Besides, it's a way to strengthen an online social circle and connect with people we don't know before.Although there may be some disadvantages that come with posting children's photos, it's not necessary to be too cautious about it. We should have confidence in our society because we won't throw away the apple because of the core.Possible version 2：While it's common for a parent to post children's photos nowadays, people take different attitudes toward it. Some think it's beneficial while others are anxious about it.In my opinion, it is not always the smartest or safest thing to do so.What parents view as delightful photos may be interpreted differently by others and give a false image of what the child is really like. Besides, there is a growing crime called “digital kidnapping” in which individuals or companies steal children's images and use them in advertisements or other commercial activities. Apart from the obvious dangers of identity theft, it can result in them being reshared and altered by other online users without permission, which may end up damaging their school status or future career prospects.In short, although sharing children's photos online does have advantages, parents should be cautious about it.二胎政策China has issued the twochild policy aiming to solve the social problems of an aging population and labour shortages due to the current low birth rate. People's responses vary, anyway.Personally, I'm in favour of the policy. In the long term, an increase in the number of children can have a positive impact on the consumption of products and services catering for child rearing, thus leading to growth and employment demand in industries. Moreover, having siblings protectadolescents against negative feelings such as loneliness, fear and selfconsciousness.Provided that a child has siblings, he can learn to share.As the only child in my family, I often feel lonely. With nobody to communicate with I become introverted and dare not speak in public. However, with siblings, children can be independent and selfless. Furthermore, children are less likely to be spoiled.In conclusion, the twochild policy will benefit us a lot.飞行员：敬业Zhang Chao, an excellent J15fighter pilot, died from a sudden malfunction when he was landing. His love of his work in spite of its risks will inspire us forever.Zhang Chao has set us a good example. The great danger and a lot of risks of flying a jet plane did not prevent him from performing his duties. So, there is no reason for us not to work hard. “He really loved his job” demonstrates not only his devotion to his duties and his courage to overcome all kinds of difficulties, but his loyalty to our country as well.Zhang Chao's heroic deeds impresses us deeply. As a student, we should do as he did. That is to say, we must dedicate ourselves to our studies, and do our best to acquire necessary knowledge and skills. Only by doing so, will we be able to serve our country well in the future.英语学习方法Dear_Wei_Fang，In_your_letter,_you talked about your difficulty in English vocabulary learning and asked me for help. You also described your learning methods and how your teacher helped you, both in class andafter class.You are not stupid at all. The problem lies in your method. Memorization, which you adopt, is not the sole solution. For a word to really become a part of your vocabulary, you'd better see more about how it is used in more reading and listening. Besides, don't forget to use it in your speaking and writing whenever you have chances. The more frequently you see it and use it, the better it can be remembered.As to how your teacher helps you, I think she also should make a change. For example, introduce and consolidate the target words in a rich context and allow you more time for practice in class, instead of endless explanation and dictation.Hope_my_opinion_will_be_of_some_help_to_you.Yours_sincerely长远打算计划As is clearly shown in the charts above, 24% of the subjects with a shortterm and clear life planning, and 9% with longterm and clear one, end up as successful people and elites respectively 25 years later while the rest with ambiguous one, ordinary people.There is no denying that the importance of life planning can't be emphasized too much. Firstly, the life planning can drive us to continue moving forward when we are in difficulty and arouse our passions for learning more. Moreover, without it, we might be in the dark about what to do, thus achieving nothing in the end.As a senior three student, my current primary task is to put all my heart into study to ensure excellent academic performance, and taking a gap year to do voluntary work is also on my agenda. After that, I'll go to college to major in what I'm interested in.成功As is vividly illustrated above, success is like an iceberg floating in the sea. Only a small part of it can be seen while most of it is invisible under the water.When talking about success, people often fix their mind on success itself, ignoring some hidden factors. I hold the belief that although dedication, hard work and discipline are key elements of success, failure and sacrifice are also significant. Those who are unwilling to be persistent will end in failure. On the whole, hard work is the leading factor.“Success Iceberg” teaches me how to view success properly. Take my story for example. When in Grade 7, I didn't do well in maths. After much hard work, I got the highest score in the final examination. My classmates thought I succeeded only because I had a higher IQ. Actually, they failed to see the fact that my success resulted from many other factors, which played a more important role than IQ.爱As the letter points out, it is of critical significance to cherish people around and seize every opportunity to express your love to them because tomorrow is unpredicatable.Love is a ray of sunshine is winter. However, in contemporary society, with the quickening pace of modern life and increasing professional competition, some people can hardly spare time to express love. Moreover, educated to be reserved from an early age, some tend to conceal their genuine emotions, feeling awkward when expressing love in words.Confronted with constant stressful exams, we seniors are suffering from extreme tiredness and severe anxiety, especially when we fail to fulfill parents' expectations. It is classmates' inspiration and affection that will help us go through this period of time. Every day, I will pay my friends sincere compliments, which hopeful will motivate them to strive for their dreams. When misunderstanding arises, I will have a thorough communication with them to ease the problem. We are born in and live by love, so let's spread it.父母为婴儿在飞机上哭闹道歉(Approval)To apologize for their babies' possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of babies topassengers around. This soon becomes a buzz topic.Such an initiative and behaviour, from my perspective, should be encouraged. To begin with, it's polite to make an apology to those suffering from noise babies make even though sometimes we can't avoid it. In addition, this nice gesture may ease tensions crying babies create and get understanding from people around. Most importantly, it's an absolute adorable way to remind people to be patient with babies in a very sweet way. After all, in public places, everyone is responsible for the maintenance of a peaceful environment so as to leave people around in a better state of mind.All in all, such a thoughtful and simple act of kindness can convey genuine feeling and I'll give the mother a thumbup.(Against)To apologize for their babies' possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of baby to passengers around. This soon becomes a buzz topic.I don't think it necessary. In the first place, as young parents, you should not be scared of other people's ill looks because of your kids making noises, for kids will be kids. What's more, I am grown up enoughnot to be pacified with a goodie bag. Probably the best goodie bag for parents would be a kind word of encouragement. Last but not least, these goodie bags send the message that you should feel bad for having babies who act like babies, which has rubbed many parents the wrong way from the start.To sum up, you don't need to bend over backwards to please others and you don't owe strangers candy for sitting next to your babies.家庭教育Possible version 1：With the availability of educational resources, homeschooling is an option that is becoming more and more attractive to parents nowadays. However, some people support it while others do not.I am strongly against this practice. Homeschooling is not allowed in our country because it is compulsory for parents to send their kids to schools for an allround education. In addition, the biggest drawback of homeschooling is a lack of interaction with others. The social experiences at school are very essential to enable a child to fit into the competitive society. Homeschooled children may lose many chances to compete withtheir peers. What's worse, learning outside a school environment can consume a lot of mom's or dad's time, which can be a big challenge for families to balance their budget.In short, it is necessary that children should be sent to public or private schools for formal schooling.Possible version 2：With the availability of educational resources, homeschooling is an option that is becoming more and more attractive to parents nowadays. However, some people support it while others do not.I support homeschooling. In some cases, a few children have no access to education due to location or physical disability, and homeschooling can fulfill their dream of receiving education. With home schooling, parents and their children can work out a schedule that suit them best. Thus, they enjoy more freedom and autonomy in their learning. Last but not least, while homeschooling, parents can focus on the improvement of their children's various ability which are badly needed in the competitive society. At the same time, they can help children learn and complete the basic requirements needed to pass tests.In short, with proper guidance and discipline, homeschooling will provide an ideal education designed just for the children themselves.共享单车Possible version one：The passage conveys to us the bikesharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not only brings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.From my standpoint, bikesharing system has become an essential part of public transportation in cities and should be actively promoted. Firstly, with an increasing number of people choosing the service to get around, the number of cars on the roads will decrease dramatically, which really helps the environment and reduces traffic jams. Furthermore, this service also benefits individuals in various ways. For example, it provides locals and tourists with a convenient, cheap and healthy means of transport. Those who would otherwise use their own bicycles don't need to be concerned about such problems as theft, storage and maintenance.In a word, bikesharing is an innovative service, which relieves urban traffic pressure and brings citizens enormous benefits. And more sharedbikes should be launched into the market.Possible version two：The passage conveys to us the bikesharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not onlybrings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.In my opinion, bikesharing should not be promoted at present for the following reasons. In order to attract more subscribers, the bikesharing companies are flooding walkways and other public spaces with hundreds of bikes in the hope of promoting their services, which brings great inconvenience to pedestrians. Furthermore, for lack of relevant regulations, some uncivilized people deliberately damage sharedbikes, for example, by throwing them into rivers or piling them up randomly. A fairly high deposit fee has also been criticized in a country familiar with accessing inexpensive public services.In conclusion, bikesharing system shouldn't be promoted before regulations and policies are put in place. The government, companies and users should all play their role in making bikesharing sustainable and enjoyable.习惯：禁锢This story is about the elephants and the rope. These elephants made no attempt to break free from a small rope simply because they failed to make it when young.The message conveyed in this story is crystal clear: don't let the fear of failure hold you back from pursuing your dream. It's easy to give up, but you will remain stuck where you were. It's difficult to persist, but you will always have something in return in the end.Therefore, faced with failures or frustrations in our lives, we shouldn't act like these elephants, limiting ourselves to a confined world simply because we failed before. Actually, “failures” can be regarded as stepping stones along our path. If we respond in positive ways and focus on what we choose to achieve, success is around the corner. In a word, our attempt may fail, but never fail to make another attempt.机会给有准备的人Opportunities favour the prepared mind The two pictures reveal two men take completely different attitudes to building a bright future. In Picture 1, a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future, but without any action, while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared.The message conveyed here is clear, “Opportunities favour the prepared mind”. The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities. Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, work little and just wait, seeing them pass by.To further stress the importance of our attitude towards opportunities, let's take Liu Xiang for example. In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics, he trained hard every day and eventually made it. Therefore, we should spare no efforts to fulfill our dreams. It's universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.网络礼貌用语Ben John's grandma is found to ask Google Search in an extremely polite way, whose behaviour is beyond the expectation of her grandson but fully appreciated by Google and many netizens.It goes without saying that social manners are of great significance in the virtual world. On the one hand, removing barriers in communication, the observation of digital etiquette helps create a harmonious and civilized network environment. On the other hand, how a person behaves when nobody knows who he is online, to a large extent, can reflect his genuine personality.There is no simple solution to the promotion of digital etiquette. As for individuals, we cannot be too thoughtful about the contents we post online. Moreover, the authority concerned should enhance the supervision of the misbehaviours on the Internet. All in all, wherever we are, the principle that we should treat people the way we want to be treated should never be neglected.。
2018考研英语作文预测及范模板
2018 考研英语作文预测及范文之品质类Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In you writing, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)范文Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication. As is vividly depicted in the photo, three menare facing a broken bridge, which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is not difficult to find that they showed great courage to this challenge. Apparently, what the drawing has subtly conveyed is supposed to be given further analysis.A conclusion could be drawn from the picture: the attitude towards challenges in life is so important that even our life could be totally different. And my words are based upon the following two reasons. On the top of the list is that challenges, even obstacles, are everywhere in life, which requires a positive attitude. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that , for an individual, the attitude to obstacles is closely related to his/her sense of happiness .According to the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to cultivate this life attitude. Of all the steps, mass media tends to function essentially in the work. Only in this way can we make the bestof the positive attitude to life and let it contribute to our life.。
2018年考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)
2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with oneanother. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A．on B．like C．for D．from2. A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3. A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4. A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5. A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6. A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7. A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8. A．at B．by C．of D．to9. A．context B．mood C．period D．circle10. A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11. A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12. A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13. A．between B．within C．toward D．over14. A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15. A．out B．back C．around D．inside16. A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17. A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18. A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19. A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20. A．inflexible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitableSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering —have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation?A．Leading politicians.B．Low-wage laborers.C．Robot owners.D．Middle-class workers.22 . 【题干】Which of the following best represent the author's view?A．Worries about automation are in fact groundless.B．Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.C．Issues arising from automation need to be tackledD．Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.【题干】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_____. A．creative potential.B．job-hunting skills.C．individual needs.D．cooperative spirit.24.【题干】The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at_____.A．encouraging the development of automation.B．increasing the return on capital investment.C．easing the hostility between rich and poor.D．preventing the income gap from widening.25. 【题干】In this text, the author presents a problem with_____.A．pposing views on it.B．possible solutions to it.C．its alarming impacts.D．its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verifystories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that ar e open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media．In other words, the choice to share ne ws on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on【选项】A．the justification of the news-filtering practice.B．people's preference for social media platforms.C．the administrations ability to handle information.D．social media was a reliable source of news.27.【题干】The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to【选项】AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.【题干】According to the knight foundation survey, young people【选项】A．tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B．verify news by referring to diverse resources.C．have s strong sense of responsibility.D．like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29.【题干】The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is【选项】A．readers outdated values.B．journalists' biased reportingC．readers' misinterpretationD．journalists' made-up stories.30.【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?【选项】A．A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineB．A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendC．The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D．The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned．There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms. Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms. Denham's report is a welcome start.31.【题干】Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?【选项】A．It caused conflicts among tech giants.B．It failed to pay due attention to patient's rights.C．It fell short of the latter's expectationsD．It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.【题干】The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with【选项】A．empty promises.B．tough resistance.C．necessary adjustments.D．sincere apologies.33.【题干】The author argues in Paragraph 2 that【选项】A．privacy protection must be secured at all costs.B．leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.C．making profits from patients' data is illegal.D．the value of data comes from the processing of it34.【题干】According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is___【选项】A．the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.B．the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.C．the uncontrolled use of new software.D．the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.【题干】The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is 【选项】A．ambiguous.B．cautious.C．appreciative.D．contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate –where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36. 【题干】The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by_____.【选项】A．its unbalanced budget.B．its rigid management.C．the cost for technical upgrading.D．the withdrawal of bank support.37. 【题干】According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____.【选项】A．the interference from interest groups.B．the inadequate funding from Congress.C．the shrinking demand for postal service.D．the incompetence of postal unions.38. 【题干】The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by_____.【选项】A．removing its burden of retiree health care.B．making more investment in new vehicles.C．adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.D．attracting more first-class mail users.39. 【题干】In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with_____.【选项】A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40. 【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?【选项】A．The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old DaysB．The Postal Service: Keep Away from My CheeseC．The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick CureD．The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.[B]. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D]. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F]. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.[G]. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.【答案】E【解析】很多选项中都出现了EEOB这个简称，那么就意味着这个专有名词一定会先有交代它的全称，再出现简称，这里只有D选项符合。
2018年高考英语作文押题预测汇总
2018年高考英语作文押题预测汇总克服困难A sevenyearold girl named Anaya Ellick, who was born without hands, beat fifty competitors to win a national award for handwriting, which makes her parents proud and inspires many people.This story sets me thinking profoundly. Life can place a stumbling block in our way and definitely, it is always easier to give up than to hold on. However, like Anaya, constant effort yields sure success. If you pursue your goals with the courage of never giving up, you will succeed in whatever endeavor you take on.As high school students, we are bound to encounter the twists and turns life offers us. But when we think of those people who suffer more than us, we should have a more optimistic view on study and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way. Bear it in mind that we should keep going forward, even in the toughest time.小马过河：尝试A little horse, with his mother's encouragements, tried to cross the river himself and found it was neither as shallow as the cow had told himnor as deep as the squirrel had described.The story gives me a deep and lasting impression when reading it. It tells us that we should not fear the things we cannot predict. Instead, we should courageously face challenges ourselves and accumulate life experience little by little.I'd always wanted to go skating, but I doubted whether I could make it because some of my friends said it was very easy while others found it quite difficult. Fortunately, my elder brother encouraged me to give it a shot, so I did. During the practice, I found it hard to balance my body. I sought advice from experienced skaters and kept practising. It was because of the constant attempts I had made that I gradually got the skills of skating and was capable of balancing my body.From this experience, I am convinced that genuine knowledge comes from practice. Only when we experience everything on our own can we gain true knowledge for our life.网络诈骗，网络安全意识A girl from Shandong, who would soon begin her university life, was cheated out of 9，900 yuan due to personal information leakage. The heavy blow claimed her life, which aroused anger in society.The leakage of personal information is of great harm. Not only will people be frequently troubled by unwanted short messages or calls, but also people may be cheated out of money or be put in danger. Thus, the protection of personal information is of vital importance in order for common people to maintain a peaceful and safe life, as well as to protect one's own fortune.Here are the tips on how to protect one's personal information. Never click any link on phones or computers unless it can be utterly trusted. Also, avoid connecting smart phones to any untrusted WiFi in public places. Apart from the efforts of common people, the government must spare no effort to fight against criminals selling others' personal information.G20峰会：合作The Hangzhou G20 summit places much emphasis on global cooperation rather than competition. It seeks to cope with the current issues in various fields, which can't be resolved by a single country.It is apparent that cooperation is a necessity for success in such a competitive society. First and foremost, teamwork can help us achieve shared targets in a more efficient way. Furthermore, cooperation provides people with opportunities, learning to show respect for others. Those who lack such essential skills are certain to be wiped out of the team in modern society.The success our Chinese women's volleyball players achieved in the 2016 Rio Olympics is a striking example of the point. While we weren't on the winning side at first, we strived as a team to the last minute of the match. Without team spirit, we wouldn't have won the championship. It is cooperation that really counts in addressing problems we face.网络捐款A father, who posted his daughter's illness via WeChat to raise money for her treatment, was criticized by the public because he had the ability to cover the medical expenses.I'm in complete disagreement with the behaviour of the father. It's apparent that raising money on the Internet is an effective way to help those in need, which can not only assist them in getting through the hardships but also be helpful in creating a harmonious society. However, this father can afford the medical expenses but turned to others for help, which betrayed the public's trust and made them feel cheated.As far as I'm concerned, only when one is in desperate need can they seek for help from others. Meanwhile, the government and relevant authorities should make efforts to enhance the supervision of the identity of those seeking help and get to the truth of their problems.That's a touching story about an 11yearold boy who designed and carried out the “Pay It Forward” program and tried to make a difference to change the world for the better.Trevor's idea is brilliant. It's like an invisible bond which connects everyone together and enables kindness to widespread in every corner of the world. He not only puts his genius idea into action by doing a favour for three people, but also appeals to the recipients of favour to pay the favour forward.In my view, to change the world for the better, first and foremost, we should change ourselves for the better. So I will make a checklist of the bad habits I need to get rid of and the things I want to learn, which can motivate me to do some small changes every day. I will also appeal to my classmates to follow me by posting our checklists online and push each other to be a better self.父母把孩子照片放上网：网络安全Possible version 1：While it is common for a parent to post children's photos nowadays, people take different attitudes toward it. Some think it's beneficial while others are anxious about it.In my opinion, posting children's photos online is beneficial for people and makes a child better known. As a result, he is likely to have more chances to be successful in the future. It will also be easier for parents to communicate with other friends, for they have more to share with each other. Besides, it's a way to strengthen an online social circle and connect with people we don't know before.Although there may be some disadvantages that come with posting children's photos, it's not necessary to be too cautious about it. We should have confidence in our society because we won't throw away the apple because of the core.Possible version 2：While it's common for a parent to post children's photos nowadays, people take different attitudes toward it. Some think it's beneficial while others are anxious about it.In my opinion, it is not always the smartest or safest thing to do so.What parents view as delightful photos may be interpreted differently by others and give a false image of what the child is really like. Besides, there is a growing crime called “digital kidnapping” in which individuals or companies steal children's images and use them in advertisements or other commercial activities. Apart from the obvious dangers of identity theft, it can result in them being reshared and altered by other online users without permission, which may end up damaging their school status or future career prospects.In short, although sharing children's photos online does have advantages, parents should be cautious about it.二胎政策China has issued the twochild policy aiming to solve the social problems of an aging population and labour shortages due to the current low birth rate. People's responses vary, anyway.Personally, I'm in favour of the policy. In the long term, an increase in the number of children can have a positive impact on the consumption of products and services catering for child rearing, thus leading to growth and employment demand in industries. Moreover, having siblings protectadolescents against negative feelings such as loneliness, fear and selfconsciousness.Provided that a child has siblings, he can learn to share.As the only child in my family, I often feel lonely. With nobody to communicate with I become introverted and dare not speak in public. However, with siblings, children can be independent and selfless. Furthermore, children are less likely to be spoiled.In conclusion, the twochild policy will benefit us a lot.飞行员：敬业Zhang Chao, an excellent J15fighter pilot, died from a sudden malfunction when he was landing. His love of his work in spite of its risks will inspire us forever.Zhang Chao has set us a good example. The great danger and a lot of risks of flying a jet plane did not prevent him from performing his duties. So, there is no reason for us not to work hard. “He really loved his job” demonstrates not only his devotion to his duties and his courage to overcome all kinds of difficulties, but his loyalty to our country as well.Zhang Chao's heroic deeds impresses us deeply. As a student, we should do as he did. That is to say, we must dedicate ourselves to our studies, and do our best to acquire necessary knowledge and skills. Only by doing so, will we be able to serve our country well in the future.英语学习方法Dear_Wei_Fang，In_your_letter,_you talked about your difficulty in English vocabulary learning and asked me for help. You also described your learning methods and how your teacher helped you, both in class andafter class.You are not stupid at all. The problem lies in your method. Memorization, which you adopt, is not the sole solution. For a word to really become a part of your vocabulary, you'd better see more about how it is used in more reading and listening. Besides, don't forget to use it in your speaking and writing whenever you have chances. The more frequently you see it and use it, the better it can be remembered.As to how your teacher helps you, I think she also should make a change. For example, introduce and consolidate the target words in a rich context and allow you more time for practice in class, instead of endless explanation and dictation.Hope_my_opinion_will_be_of_some_help_to_you.Yours_sincerely长远打算计划As is clearly shown in the charts above, 24% of the subjects with a shortterm and clear life planning, and 9% with longterm and clear one, end up as successful people and elites respectively 25 years later while the rest with ambiguous one, ordinary people.There is no denying that the importance of life planning can't be emphasized too much. Firstly, the life planning can drive us to continue moving forward when we are in difficulty and arouse our passions for learning more. Moreover, without it, we might be in the dark about what to do, thus achieving nothing in the end.As a senior three student, my current primary task is to put all my heart into study to ensure excellent academic performance, and taking a gap year to do voluntary work is also on my agenda. After that, I'll go to college to major in what I'm interested in.成功As is vividly illustrated above, success is like an iceberg floating in the sea. Only a small part of it can be seen while most of it is invisible under the water.When talking about success, people often fix their mind on success itself, ignoring some hidden factors. I hold the belief that although dedication, hard work and discipline are key elements of success, failure and sacrifice are also significant. Those who are unwilling to be persistent will end in failure. On the whole, hard work is the leading factor.“Success Iceberg” teaches me how to view success properly. Take my story for example. When in Grade 7, I didn't do well in maths. After much hard work, I got the highest score in the final examination. My classmates thought I succeeded only because I had a higher IQ. Actually, they failed to see the fact that my success resulted from many other factors, which played a more important role than IQ.爱As the letter points out, it is of critical significance to cherish people around and seize every opportunity to express your love to them because tomorrow is unpredicatable.Love is a ray of sunshine is winter. However, in contemporary society, with the quickening pace of modern life and increasing professional competition, some people can hardly spare time to express love. Moreover, educated to be reserved from an early age, some tend to conceal their genuine emotions, feeling awkward when expressing love in words.Confronted with constant stressful exams, we seniors are suffering from extreme tiredness and severe anxiety, especially when we fail to fulfill parents' expectations. It is classmates' inspiration and affection that will help us go through this period of time. Every day, I will pay my friends sincere compliments, which hopeful will motivate them to strive for their dreams. When misunderstanding arises, I will have a thorough communication with them to ease the problem. We are born in and live by love, so let's spread it.父母为婴儿在飞机上哭闹道歉(Approval)To apologize for their babies' possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of babies topassengers around. This soon becomes a buzz topic.Such an initiative and behaviour, from my perspective, should be encouraged. To begin with, it's polite to make an apology to those suffering from noise babies make even though sometimes we can't avoid it. In addition, this nice gesture may ease tensions crying babies create and get understanding from people around. Most importantly, it's an absolute adorable way to remind people to be patient with babies in a very sweet way. After all, in public places, everyone is responsible for the maintenance of a peaceful environment so as to leave people around in a better state of mind.All in all, such a thoughtful and simple act of kindness can convey genuine feeling and I'll give the mother a thumbup.(Against)To apologize for their babies' possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of baby to passengers around. This soon becomes a buzz topic.I don't think it necessary. In the first place, as young parents, you should not be scared of other people's ill looks because of your kids making noises, for kids will be kids. What's more, I am grown up enoughnot to be pacified with a goodie bag. Probably the best goodie bag for parents would be a kind word of encouragement. Last but not least, these goodie bags send the message that you should feel bad for having babies who act like babies, which has rubbed many parents the wrong way from the start.To sum up, you don't need to bend over backwards to please others and you don't owe strangers candy for sitting next to your babies.家庭教育Possible version 1：With the availability of educational resources, homeschooling is an option that is becoming more and more attractive to parents nowadays. However, some people support it while others do not.I am strongly against this practice. Homeschooling is not allowed in our country because it is compulsory for parents to send their kids to schools for an allround education. In addition, the biggest drawback of homeschooling is a lack of interaction with others. The social experiences at school are very essential to enable a child to fit into the competitive society. Homeschooled children may lose many chances to compete withtheir peers. What's worse, learning outside a school environment can consume a lot of mom's or dad's time, which can be a big challenge for families to balance their budget.In short, it is necessary that children should be sent to public or private schools for formal schooling.Possible version 2：With the availability of educational resources, homeschooling is an option that is becoming more and more attractive to parents nowadays. However, some people support it while others do not.I support homeschooling. In some cases, a few children have no access to education due to location or physical disability, and homeschooling can fulfill their dream of receiving education. With home schooling, parents and their children can work out a schedule that suit them best. Thus, they enjoy more freedom and autonomy in their learning. Last but not least, while homeschooling, parents can focus on the improvement of their children's various ability which are badly needed in the competitive society. At the same time, they can help children learn and complete the basic requirements needed to pass tests.In short, with proper guidance and discipline, homeschooling will provide an ideal education designed just for the children themselves.共享单车Possible version one：The passage conveys to us the bikesharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not only brings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.From my standpoint, bikesharing system has become an essential part of public transportation in cities and should be actively promoted. Firstly, with an increasing number of people choosing the service to get around, the number of cars on the roads will decrease dramatically, which really helps the environment and reduces traffic jams. Furthermore, this service also benefits individuals in various ways. For example, it provides locals and tourists with a convenient, cheap and healthy means of transport. Those who would otherwise use their own bicycles don't need to be concerned about such problems as theft, storage and maintenance.In a word, bikesharing is an innovative service, which relieves urban traffic pressure and brings citizens enormous benefits. And more sharedbikes should be launched into the market.Possible version two：The passage conveys to us the bikesharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not onlybrings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.In my opinion, bikesharing should not be promoted at present for the following reasons. In order to attract more subscribers, the bikesharing companies are flooding walkways and other public spaces with hundreds of bikes in the hope of promoting their services, which brings great inconvenience to pedestrians. Furthermore, for lack of relevant regulations, some uncivilized people deliberately damage sharedbikes, for example, by throwing them into rivers or piling them up randomly. A fairly high deposit fee has also been criticized in a country familiar with accessing inexpensive public services.In conclusion, bikesharing system shouldn't be promoted before regulations and policies are put in place. The government, companies and users should all play their role in making bikesharing sustainable and enjoyable.习惯：禁锢This story is about the elephants and the rope. These elephants made no attempt to break free from a small rope simply because they failed to make it when young.The message conveyed in this story is crystal clear: don't let the fear of failure hold you back from pursuing your dream. It's easy to give up, but you will remain stuck where you were. It's difficult to persist, but you will always have something in return in the end.Therefore, faced with failures or frustrations in our lives, we shouldn't act like these elephants, limiting ourselves to a confined world simply because we failed before. Actually, “failures” can be regarded as stepping stones along our path. If we respond in positive ways and focus on what we choose to achieve, success is around the corner. In a word, our attempt may fail, but never fail to make another attempt.机会给有准备的人Opportunities favour the prepared mind The two pictures reveal two men take completely different attitudes to building a bright future. In Picture 1, a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future, but without any action, while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared.The message conveyed here is clear, “Opportunities favour the prepared mind”. The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities. Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, work little and just wait, seeing them pass by.To further stress the importance of our attitude towards opportunities, let's take Liu Xiang for example. In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics, he trained hard every day and eventually made it. Therefore, we should spare no efforts to fulfill our dreams. It's universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.网络礼貌用语Ben John's grandma is found to ask Google Search in an extremely polite way, whose behaviour is beyond the expectation of her grandson but fully appreciated by Google and many netizens.It goes without saying that social manners are of great significance in the virtual world. On the one hand, removing barriers in communication, the observation of digital etiquette helps create a harmonious and civilized network environment. On the other hand, how a person behaves when nobody knows who he is online, to a large extent, can reflect his genuine personality.There is no simple solution to the promotion of digital etiquette. As for individuals, we cannot be too thoughtful about the contents we post online. Moreover, the authority concerned should enhance the supervision of the misbehaviours on the Internet. All in all, wherever we are, the principle that we should treat people the way we want to be treated should never be neglected.。
2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题
2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph. D. requirement，went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’“The results of our research”Dr. Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing， a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph. D. dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解1. A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。
2018考研英语一真题作文
2018考研英语一真题作文The Importance of Confidence。
Confidence is an important quality that can greatly impact our lives. It is the belief in oneself and one's abilities, and it plays a vital role in our success and happiness. In today's competitive world, confidence is more important than ever, as it can help us overcome challenges, achieve our goals, and lead a fulfilling life.First and foremost, confidence is essential for overcoming challenges. Life is full of obstacles and setbacks, and without confidence, it can be difficult to face them head-on. When we believe in ourselves and our abilities, we are better equipped to handle difficult situations and find solutions to our problems. Confidence gives us the strength and resilience to persevere in the face of adversity, and it allows us to bounce back from failure and setbacks.In addition, confidence is crucial for achieving our goals. Whether it is in our personal or professional lives, confidence is a key factor in determining our success. When we are confident in our abilities, we are more likely to take risks and pursue our dreams. We are not afraid to step out of our comfort zone and try new things, and we are more willing to take on challenges and push ourselves to achieve our full potential. Confidence gives us the courage to set ambitious goals and the determination to work hard to reach them.Furthermore, confidence is essential for leading a fulfilling life. When we are confident in ourselves and our abilities, we are more likely to feel satisfied and content with our lives. Confidence allows us to embrace new opportunities and experiences, and it enables us to live life to the fullest. When we are confident, we are more likely to take on new challenges and pursue our passions, and we are more likely to find happiness and fulfillment in our personal and professional lives.However, it is important to note that confidence is notsomething that comes naturally to everyone. Many people struggle with self-doubt and low self-esteem, and it can be difficult to develop confidence in oneself. Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help us build confidence and improve our self-belief.One way to build confidence is to set achievable goals and work towards them. When we set small, attainable goals and achieve them, it can help us build confidence in our abilities and boost our self-esteem. By accomplishing these goals, we can prove to ourselves that we are capable of success, and this can help us develop a more positive and confident mindset.Another way to build confidence is to practice self-care and self-compassion. Taking care of our physical and mental well-being can help us feel more confident and self-assured. Engaging in activities that we enjoy, such as exercise, hobbies, or spending time with loved ones, can help us feel more positive and confident. Additionally, practicing self-compassion and being kind to ourselves can help us develop a more positive self-image and improve ourconfidence.Finally, seeking support from others can also help us build confidence. Surrounding ourselves with positive and supportive people can help us feel more confident and self-assured. Whether it is through seeking advice, encouragement, or simply spending time with friends and family, having a strong support system can help us feel more confident in ourselves and our abilities.In conclusion, confidence is an essential quality that can greatly impact our lives. It is important for overcoming challenges, achieving our goals, and leading a fulfilling life. While building confidence can be a challenging process, there are several strategies that can help us develop a more positive and confident mindset. By setting achievable goals, practicing self-care and self-compassion, and seeking support from others, we can build confidence and improve our self-belief. With confidence, we can overcome obstacles, achieve our dreams, and lead a happy and successful life.。
2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)
2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析（完整版）——跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,it's a necessary condition_____(1) many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high_____(3)._____(4),why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good._____(5)people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that_____(6)pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to_____(7)with one another. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure_____(8)this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9):In a study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their_____(10)who inhaled something else._____(11)for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may_____(12) us.A Canadian study found that children as young as14months can differentiate _____(13)a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each_____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,“What's in here?”before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,“Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look_____(15).Half of them found a toy;the other half_____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had_____(17)them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were_____(18)to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership._____(19),only five of the30children paired with the"_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.A．on B．like C．for D．from2.A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3.A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4.A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5.A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6.A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7.A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8.A．at B．by C．of D．to9.A．context B．mood C．period D．circle10.A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11.A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12.A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13.A．between B．within C．toward D．over14.A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15.A．out B．back C．around D．inside16.A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17.A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18.A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19.A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20.A．inflexible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitable 1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。
2018考研英语(一)真题及参考答案(完整版)
2018考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillfulat separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMindwill be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side ofthe White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.【答案】41. (E)→C →42. (G) →43. (A)→F→44. (B)→45. (D)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【参考译文】46.到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。
2018年考研英语一真题与答案原题+答案+详解
2018年考研英语一真题〔后附答案详解〕Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following te*t. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all" Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release o*ytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings andtriggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with one another.Swiss Scientistshave found that e*posure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed o*ytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a si*th sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Si*ty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, "What's in here"〞 before looking into the container, smiling, and e*claiming, "Wow!〞 Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them. Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A．on B．like C．for D．from2. A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3. A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4. A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5. A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6. A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7. A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8. A．at B．by C．of D．to9. A．conte*t B．mood C．period D．circle10. A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11. A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12. A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13. A．between B．within C．toward D．over14. A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15. A．out B．back C．around D．inside16. A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17. A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18. A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19. A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20. A．infle*ible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitableSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four te*ts. Answer the questions below each te*t by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.〔40 points〕Te*t 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the ne*t presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs"Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of O*ford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-classoccupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — havearoused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus lesson memorizing facts and more on creativity and comple* communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education cansupplement the traditional kind. It could make e*tra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them. Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, ta*es and the safety net will have to be rethought. Ta*es on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income ta* credit should be e*panded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the ne*t few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation"A．Leading politicians.B．Low-wage laborers.C．Robot owners.D．Middle-class workers.22 .【题干】Which of the following best represent the author's view"A．Worries about automation are in fact groundless.B．Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.C．Issues arising from automation need to be tackledD．Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.【题干】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_____. A．creative potential.B．job-hunting skills.C．individual needs.D．cooperative spirit.24.【题干】The author suggests that ta* policies be aimed at_____. A．encouraging the development of automation.B．increasing the return on capital investment.C．easing the hostility between rich and poor.D．preventing the income gap from widening.25.【题干】In this te*t, the author presents a problem with_____.A．pposing views on it.B．possible solutions to it.C．its alarming impacts.D．its major variations.Te*t 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of O*ford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use "distributed trust〞 to verify stories. They cross-check sources andprefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are openabout any bias. "Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,〞 the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to e*perience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is "reader error,〞 more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in "misinterpretation or e*aggeration of actual news〞 via social media．In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. "This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,〞 says Ro*anne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, theyreveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices onwhen to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on【选项】A．the justification of the news-filtering practice.B．people's preference for social media platforms.C．the administrations ability to handle information.D．social media was a reliable source of news.27.【题干】The phrase "beer up〞(Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to【选项】AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.【题干】According to the knight foundation survey, young people【选项】A．tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B．verify news by referring to diverse resources.C．have s strong sense of responsibility.D．like to e*change views on "distributed trust〞29.【题干】The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is【选项】A．readers outdated values.B．journalists' biased reportingC．readers' misinterpretationD．journalists' made-up stories.30.【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the te*t"【选项】A．A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineB．A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendC．The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D．The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Te*t 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 onthe basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their e*pectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned．There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms. Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under e*isting law it "controlled〞 the data and DeepMind merely "processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be e*pected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms. Denham's report is a welcome start.31.【题干】Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind "【选项】A．It caused conflicts among tech giants.B．It failed to pay due attention to patient's rights.C．It fell short of the latter's e*pectationsD．It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.【题干】The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with【选项】A．empty promises.B．tough resistance.C．necessary adjustments.D．sincere apologies.33.【题干】The author argues in Paragraph 2 that【选项】A．privacy protection must be secured at all costs.B．leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.C．making profits from patients' data is illegal.D．the value of data comes from the processing of it34.【题干】According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is___【选项】A．the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.B．the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.C．the uncontrolled use of new software.D．the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.【题干】The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is【选项】A．ambiguous.B．cautious.C．appreciative.D．contemptuous.Te*t 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its e*penses have e*ceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the fle*ibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers e*ert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimateoverseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills e*cept by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finallyagreed on a plan to fi* the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase andfrom shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to thebare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminatingSaturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapseat the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious abouttransforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.【题干】The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by_____.【选项】A．its unbalanced budget.B．its rigid management.C．the cost for technical upgrading.D．the withdrawal of bank support.37.【题干】According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____.【选项】A．the interference from interest groups.B．the inadequate funding from Congress.C．the shrinking demand for postal service.D．the incompetence of postal unions.38.【题干】The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by_____.【选项】A．removing its burden of retiree health care.B．making more investment in new vehicles.C．adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.D．attracting more first-class mail users.39.【题干】In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with_____.【选项】A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40.【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the te*t"【选项】A．The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old DaysB．The Postal Service: Keep Away from My CheeseC．The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick CureD．The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered bo*es. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who e*pected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.[B]. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three E*ecutive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D]. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]. The Eisenhower E*ecutive Office Building (EEOB) commands a uniqueposition in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best e*amples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F]. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.[G]. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first e*ecutive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820.A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the e*isting Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.【答案】E【解析】很多项选择项中都出现了EEOB这个简称，则就意味着这个专有名词一定会先有交代它的全称，再出现简称，这里只有D选项符合。
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）第一篇：2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2、【答案】[C] faith【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。
3、【答案】[B] price【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
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2018考研英语一大作文押题预测3：教育类
今年考研英语一大作文会考什么？根据历年考察的热门话题来看，小编预测今年英语一大
作文会在职业素养与素质、社会民风、教育、环境、文化、人生哲理、网络科技七大类话题
中出，大家不妨多背背相关素材范文。下面是教育类话题的一些素材范文：
教育类(就业率、毕业生工资、留学人数等)
培养 cultivate
We must cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems .
我们必须培养他们分析问题，解决问题的能力。
课余的 extracurricular
A great many American campuses and communities have organized special
extracurricular activities for students from other countries .
许多美国校园和社团都为来自其他国家的学生组织了特别的课外活动。
填鸭式 duck-stuffing
Simultaneously , the great pressure of college entrance examination and duck-stuffing teaching
cause the loss of senior students happiness in learning English .
同时，巨大的升学压力和 填鸭式 课堂教学，造成高中学生英语学习幸福感的缺失。
文凭热 diploma craze
教学改革 educational reform
As college educational reform goes further and further , the disadvantaged groups in college
were paid extensive attention .
随着高校教育改革的不断深入，高校中弱势群体得到了社会的广泛关注。
学术的 academic
Students interests are mostly limited to the academic realm .
学生们的兴趣大多限于学术领域。
创新学习 innovative learning
The evaluation of students innovative learning behaviors is an important link and effective means
of guiding students innovative learning .
学生创新学习行为评价是创新学习指导的一个重要环节和有效手段。
高等教育 higher education
We improved the overall quality of higher education , and enhanced the innovation capacity of
colleges and universities .
全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。
考研热 the craze for graduate school
贫困学生 poverty-stricken students
In recent years , the succor of poverty-stricken college students has become a hot issue ,
which has attracted great concern of the society .
贫困生救助问题是近几年广受社会关注的热点问题。
全体教员 faculty
For the faculty , there exists the triad of responsibilities : teaching , research , and service .
教员要承担三重责任：教学、研究与服务。
深造 further one s study
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In 2002 he was awarded the Hong Kong Jockey Club Dance Scholarship to further his
study at the National Conservatoire of Music and Dance in Paris .
在校期间，黎氏曾获取多项奖学金，2002年考获香港赛马会舞蹈基金，远赴巴黎国家音乐
及舞蹈学院深造。
素质教育 quality education
The essence of quality education is an educational ideology , a philosophy of education .
素质教育是我国教育方针精神实质的一种教育思想，一种教育理念。
培养能力 foster abilities
The tasks of prose teaching are to acquire knowledge , foster abilities , edify sentiment and
irradiate the mind .
散文教学的任务是获取知识，培养能力，陶冶情操，启迪心智。
品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar
适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly
满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society
努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress
教育主题模板
模板一：
The picture shows…… . symbolizes…… . As is quoted in the picture,…… .
It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast
with…… . One the one hand， the problem partially attributes to…… . Sometimes…… . On the
other hand,…… . For example,…… ,while…… .
In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures
that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale
reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.
模板二：
As the title indicates, …… , the set of pictures apparently reminds us that…… . It is discernable
that…… .
The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the
area of basic education in China, that is,…… . That is to say,…… . Such a practice is very harmful
in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,…… . Secondly,…… . Last but not the least,…… .
In my point of view,…… , but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand,…… . Therefore, it
is an urgent task to…… . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for
their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.